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The automatic system model uses a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to turn off the solar panel system at the minimum battery point so that the battery is safe and durable and an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to automatically transfer the electricity network from State Electricity Company or Grid or solar panels. In this study, Solar Panel Priority Grid electricity is used if the solar panel is insufficient and hybrid system with solar panel priority with 2 cut out battery usage. The results of this study are 450WP Solar Panel, 100A SCC MPPT, 12V/100Ah Battery, and 3000 Watt Modified Sine Wave Inverter, Miniature Circuit Breaker, Contactor, Relay Switch, Time Delay Relay and Indicators. The results of the switching process test between the Solar Power Plant source and grid with ATS control can run automatically in Grid Priority Mode, meaning Solar Power Plant as a backup, or Solar Power Plant Priority Mode where the grid source is used as a power backup system. In the Battery Capacity Optimization System, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Protection can work well, namely it can cut off the voltage from the inverter if the battery is in a low voltage state at a rating below 10.8 Volts, Auto Cut Charging Protection testing can charge the battery up to 13.8 Volts and Cycle Use, namely the process of this system can work to store energy while releasing energy to run the load. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the best choice of the most efficient Solar Power Plant system.

Climate change and increasing global temperatures have increased the frequency and intensity of forest fires, making fire risk evaluation increasingly important. This study aims to improve the accuracy of predicting forest fuel drought conditions (Drought Code) by using the XGBoost algorithm optimized with RandomizedSearchCV. The research methods include collecting data related to forest fires, preprocessing data to ensure quality and consistency, and using RandomizedSearchCV for XGBoost hyperparameter optimization. The results showed that the optimized XGBoost model resulted in a decrease in Mean Squared Error (MSE) and an increase in R-squared value compared to the default model. The optimized model achieved an MSE of 0.0210 and R2 of 0.9820 on the test data, indicating significantly improved prediction accuracy for forest fuel drought conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of hyperparameter optimization in improving the accuracy of predictive models for forest fire risk assessment.

Land limitation dramatically affects people with land-based livelihoods, such as farmers, and is often an obstacle to earning sufficient income for their family’s needs. Privately owned forests (POFs) are a land-based farming activity with a long history in Indonesian society. This study aimed to determine the socio-economic conditions, inequality, poverty, and livelihood dynamics of POF farmers. The research was conducted in three villages in Ciamis Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The research was conducted from February to May 2022 through structured, questionnaire-based interviews and in-depth interviews. The number of respondents was 170 POF farmers selected by simple random sampling in each village: 60 in Kalijaya village (18% of 325 farmers), 55 in Mekarjaya village (35% of 154 farmers), and 55 in Hujungtiwu village (37% of 148 farmers). The data obtained were processed using the Gini index and Poverty Line calculations, and analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that POF farmers are dominated by productive age, long farming experience and low education. POF is the most dominant land use in the three research locations, but the income and contribution of POF are high only in Kalijaya village and lower in Mekarjaya and Hujungtiwu villages. Regression analysis indicates that land has a strong positive impact on farmers’ income. Land inequality was present in farmland, paddy fields, and POF land. The overall level of income and land inequality was less equitable in all locations. Land and income from POFs and non-POFs worked together to reduce POF farmers’ income and land inequality for POF farmers. Poverty was also more widespread among POF farmers in Mekarjaya and Hujungtiwu communities, where average land ownership was low. Farmers’ strategies to deal with this condition include continuing to farm the land but also diversifying their work both within and outside the village. Policymakers can utilise this information to promote or incentivize POF farmers to optimize POF management and improve their families’ living standards.

Abstract Aims Insomnia is a common complaint among older adults. However, the comparative prevalence between older adults living in urban versus rural areas remains under-researched. This study aims to validate the overall prevalence of insomnia among older adults in Indonesia and investigate the comparative prevalence between older adults living in urban and rural areas. Methods The data were derived from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Study. We included a total of 93,830 older participants aged > 60 years old who completed the insomnia questions. The prevalence and regression models were analyzed using the SPSS software. Results The insomnia group has a higher age compared to the non-insomnia group (P 75 years old), the prevalence of insomnia was 20%, 21%, 23%, and 24%, respectively. The prevalence of insomnia among older individuals living in rural areas was higher compared to those living in urban areas. In addition, increasing age, being female, unemployed, having comorbidities, being less active, and drinking alcohol are associated with insomnia symptoms. Conclusion The findings of this study indicated that the prevalence of insomnia is high among older adults in Indonesia, with older adults living in rural areas exhibiting a higher prevalence compared to those living in urban areas. Our findings strengthen the importance of sleep management in clinical or community settings.

Cat's whiskers plant is an ornamental plant used as a medicinal plant. The part of the cat's whiskers plant used is leaves. Accessions and harvest intervals are essential for increasing optimal yields to plant biomass growth and results. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in accession, intervals, and interactions between accession differences and intervals on the growth and production of a cat's whiskers biomass. The design used in this study is a complete group design of being randomized with two treatment factors. The first factor has two treatment levels: white flowering accessions (A1) and purple flowering accessions (A2). The second factor is a harvest interval with four treatment levels, namely a 1-week harvest interval (P1), two weeks (P2), three weeks (P3), and six weeks (P4). The results showed that accession treatment significantly affected the number of books, number of branches, flowering ages, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, and leaf simplicia yields. Harvest interval treatment significantly affects the height of the shoots, number of shoots, number of branches, number of leaves, flowering ages, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, flower fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, flower dry weight, and leaf simplicia yield. Accession interactions with harvest intervals significantly affect the height of the shoots, number of shoots, number of branches, number of leaves, flower fresh weight, stem dry weight, and leaf simplicia yields.

Various phacoemulsification techniques are commonly used, with phaco-chop and stop-and-chop techniques as the most popular ones. Phacoemulsification inevitably leads to endothelial cell destruction, which, in severe cases, might result in vision impairment. This study aimed to compare endothelial cell characteristics between two phacoemulsification procedures, phaco-chop, and stop-and-chop, in patients with soft to moderate nucleus cataracts. This study was conducted on 142 patients at the National Eye Center of Cicendo Hospital between April and August 2018. Of those, 66 patients underwent the phaco-chop technique, while 76 patients underwent the stop-and-chop technique. Intraoperative parameters such as effective phaco time (EPT), phaco time, average power, and duration were recorded. Endothelial density, hexagonality, coefficient of variation (CV), and central cornea thickness (CCT) were also recorded before surgery, as well as one week and four weeks after surgery. Mean power, EPT, phaco time, and duration in the phaco-chop group were significantly lower than in the stop-and-chop group. Mean (SD) endothelial density at one-week and four-week evaluation in the phaco-chop group were considerably lower than in the stop-and-chop group (p-value=0.024 and p-value=0.000, respectively). Mean (SD) CV at one-week evaluation in the phaco-chop group was significantly higher compared to a stop-and-chop group, 43.3 (8.0) versus 40.0 (6.7) % (p-value=0.009). Mean (SD) hexagonality at four-week evaluation in the phaco-chop group was significantly higher compared to a stop-and-chop group (43.1 (17.6) versus 48.7 (13.2) respectively, p-value=0.045). Phaco-chop technique have significantly lower EPT, average power, phaco time, and surgery duration than stop-and-chop techniques at one-week and four-week evaluation after phacoemulsification.

Kebutuhan penerangan untuk monitoring perkembangan bagi tanaman sayuran hidroponik pada waktu malam hari pada kelompok tani Drangrang selama ini menggunakan sumber listrik dari Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) . Dengan demikian memerlukan biaya untuk membayar penggunaan listrik tiap bulannya. Hal ini yang dirasa cukup menjadi beban bagi petani karena keuntungan menjadi berkurang akibat adanya pengeluaran tambahan. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah membangun sistem penerangan pada tanaman sayur pakcoy menggunakan energi matahari pada kelompok tani drangrang warga RT10/RW03 kelurahan Tirtajaya, kecamatan Sukmajaya , Depok. Metode yang digunakan adalah membuat pembangkit listrik tenaga surya berkapasitas 200 Wp dengan beban lampu pijar untuk kebutuhan penyinaran tanaman sayuran dimalam hari . Hasilnya adalah area tanaman sayuran hidroponik dapat diterangi dengan lampu 6x@50 W , sehingga pengawasan tanaman dapat dilakukan setiap saat baik siang maupun malam.

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive tool for exploring an object buried underground. Currently, GPR is also considered for reinforced concrete inspection. However, the image produced by GPR can not be easily interpreted. Besides, the large observation of building concrete inspection also motivates the researchers to fastening and easing radar image interpretation. Thus, this research proposes a new method to translate GPR scattering data image to its internal structure visualization. The proposed employs a convolutional autoencoder model using amplitude and phase radar data as input of the algorithm. As evaluation, in this stage, we perform numerical analysis by using finite-difference time-domain-based synthetic data that considers three cases: concrete with rebar, concrete with crack, and concrete with rebar and crack. All of those cases are simulated with randomized dimensions and positions that is possible in the real applications. Compared with the baseline method, our method shows superiority, especially in the semantic segmentation perspective. The parameter size of the proposed model is also much smaller, around one-third of the previous method. Therefore, the method is feasible enough to be implemented in real applications addressing an automatic internal structure reinforced concrete visulaization

This study aims to determine the effect of shopping lifestyle on buying interest, discounts on buying interest, buying interest in purchasing decisions, shopping lifestyle on purchasing decisions through buying interest and discounts on purchasing decisions through product buying interest in the Shopee Indonesia marketplace. This study uses a quantitative approach, with an unknown population and a sample of 200 respondents. The sampling technique uses a statistical calculation method, namely using the Hair et al formula. While the type of sample used is purposive sampling, the analysis method uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) SmartPLS software version 3.0. The results showed that shopping lifetsyle had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, discount had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, purchase intention had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, shopping lifestyle had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions through purchase intention, discount had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions through purchase intention. The practical implications of this research are expected to help shopee companies to maintain sales promotions by providing discounts to their consumers, because shopping lifestyle and discounts have a significant influence on buying interest and purchasing decisions.

In East Java, forest degradation on the slopes resulted landslides during rainy seasons, because of a farming change toward mountainous terrain. Government encouraged community to build agroforestry systems using Hibiscus macrophyllus, therefore this study examined the H. macrophyllus growth on slopes from 15° to 75° in two trials from 6 months to three years, using a variety of eight seed sources. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth responses of H. macrophyllus of various ages on various land slopes in two locations (Mount Kawi and Mount Willis). The trials in two locations were established by Incomplete Block Design (IBD) comprising of 4-6 replications with 50 open pollinated families from 8 seed sources. In both trials, this plant was grown alongside agricultural crops. The General Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyse the growth data from two trials to identify variations in plant age, location, slopes and seed sources. The results showed that growth was significantly different between locations, slopes, seed source and ages. It was found that there was an interaction between site and slope. Height varies, with three times more in Willis (72.6 cm) than in Kawi (26.05 cm). Dramatic changes in slopes, induce more than doubled the height between 75° and 30° slope, which influence considerable wood biomass volume at the end. Increasing growth occurred from 6 months to 3 years i.e.: >7.5 times for height and >6.5 times for diameter. This fast growth at 3 years immediately benefits in ameliorating the mountainside ecosystem. Seed sources perform differently, and considerable variances also occur between families. Comparison between the lowest and greatest seed sources were 40% greater in height and 9% in diameter, indicating that seed sources, as well as family selection, should be considered. The best growth response of H. macrophyllus was found at Willis after 3 years at 30° slope.

Agriculture faces the dual challenge of sustainably increasing productivity to meet the food demand of a rapidly growing population and adapting to climate change. Despite significant efforts to develop more adaptive and productive crop cultivars and to improve water and nutrient management practices, the potential of crops to tackle this challenge by optimizing soil resource utilization remains underexplored. Here, we propose that optimizing root systems to promote the efficient acquisition of soil resources can increase yield, improve resilience to climate variability, and reduce environmental impacts. This optimization can be achieved through genetic manipulation at the crop species level and effective management of cropping systems at the field level (e.g., intercropping, rotation, and agroforestry). Advances in three-dimensional soil data collection, linking root traits to plant performance, and modelling of climate-soil–plant-management interactions are paving the way for soil-smart cropping. Effective communication and knowledge exchange with stakeholders beyond the scientific community are vital for accelerating the development and adoption of soil-smart practices for climate-smart and sustainable agricultural production.

Perusal of the environmental modelling literature reveals that the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient is a popular validation statistic to characterise model or map quality. In this communication, we illustrate with synthetic examples three undesirable statistical properties of this coefficient. We argue that ignorance of these properties have led to a frequent misuse of this coefficient in modelling and mapping studies. The stand-alone use of the concordance correlation coefficient is insufficient because i) it does not inform on the relative contribution of bias and correlation, ii) the values cannot be compared across different datasets or studies and iii) it is prone to the same problems as other linear correlation statistics. The concordance coefficient was, in fact, thought initially for evaluating reproducibility studies over repeated trials of the same variable, not for characterising model accuracy. For the validation of models and maps, we recommend calculating statistics that, combined with the concordance correlation coefficient, represent various aspects of the model or map quality, which can be visualised together in a single figure with a Taylor or solar diagram.

Privately owned forests (POF) play an important role in Indonesia’s social, economic, and environmental spheres. The success of optimizing their roles relies on the traditional management practices carried out by farmers. Therefore, this study aimed to explore POF traditional management by farmers, POF performance, and their influencing factors. Respondents included 170 farmers selected by simple random sampling and key informant. This study was conducted in three villages across Ciamis Regency, West Java, in 2022. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The collected data was tabulated, graphic, categorized, and descriptively analyzed. The results showed that although the knowledge about POF management was constantly developing, not all farmers applied their knowledge. POF management practices were found to be closely related to marital status, farming experience, land area, distance from home, number of parcels, and income. Furthermore, traditional management practices were reflected in POF performance; the higher the management level, the better the performance, and vice versa. Equitability and efficiency were high across all locations; productivity was low, while sustainability was only high in Kalijaya Village. The different conditions of each element of POF, show that although POF might not be optimal in terms of economic contribution, its sustainability provides environmental benefits. This study has many limitations as it only looks at factors within POF farmers that influence POF management and performance. Further research into external factors that can influence POF performance and encourage an increased economic role for POFs can be explored in more depth

The mapping of soils in Africa is at least a century old. We currently have access to various maps depicting mapping units locally and for the continent. In the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in alternatives for generating soil maps through digital soil mapping (DSM) techniques. There are, however, numerous challenges pertaining to the implementation of DSM in Africa, such as the unavailability of appropriate covariates, age and positional error in the measurements, low sampling density, and spatial clustering of the soil data used to fit and validate the models. This review aims to investigate the current state of DSM in Africa, identify challenges specific to implementing DSM in Africa and the ways it has been solved in the literature. We found that nearly half of African countries had an existing digital soil map covering either a local or national area, and that most studies were performed at a local extent. Soil carbon was the most common property under study, whereas soil hydraulic variables were seldom reported. Nearly all studies performed mapping for the topsoil up to 30 cm and calculated validation statistics using existing datasets but without collecting a post-mapping probability sample. Few studies (i.e., 11%) reported an estimate of map uncertainty. Half of the studies had in mind a downstream application (e.g., soil fertility assessment) in the map generation. We further correlated the area of study and sampling density and found a strong negative relationship. About 30% of the studies relied on legacy soil datasets and had a lack of sufficient spatial coverage of their area of study. From this review, we highlight some research opportunities and suggest improvements in the current methodologies. Future research should focus on capacity building in DSM, new data collection, and legacy data rescue. New initiatives, that should be initiated and led from within the continent, could support the long-term monitoring of soils and updating of soil information systems while ensuring their contextualised usability. This pairs with better delivery of existing DSM studies to stakeholders and the generation of a value-added proposition to governmental institutions.

We provide six short building blocks to devise adaptable soil definitions. These buiding blocks start from a simple and straightforward metaphor and progressively evolve when adopting geophysical, analytical, biogeochemical, cultural, and services-driven points of view. These progressive changes end up with a straightforward, yet most important message for a broad audience. We discuss these building blocks by comparing them to recently proposed soil definitions. Our aims are to initiate a debate on i) what should be, or should not be named soil, ii) what a soil definition should be, iii) the need for both a generic definition and a set of adaptable definitions, based on building blocks, commonly accepted by soil scientists, and iv) the need to adapt our language to diverse audiences. Finally, we propose a definition in one sentence.

This study aims to identify a key soil property influencing farmland prices as a soil production capital indicator for soil security. There is generally a strong relationship between farmland price and production capital, as well as with biomass production. From a soil-centric point of view, under dryland agriculture in Australia, we hypothesise that soil available water capacity (AWC) is a key soil property influencing farmland prices and consequently can act as a soil production capital indicator. Here, we relate soil AWC of Australia to median farmland prices using digital soil maps of AWC. The results revealed that AWC from 0 to 100 cm is significantly associated with farmland prices (r = 0.31, p-value

The crucial role of soil in global food production and its multifaceted contributions to ecosystem services underscore the need for a comprehensive evaluation framework. This study presents a novel approach to soil evaluation by integrating the assessment of soil functions, services, and threats into a unified metric which quantifies the capital dimension which is termed ''soil management capital''. To achieve this, we focused on three key roles: a threat, evaluated by the pH regulation costs, factoring in different buffering capacities and liming/sulphuring treatments to attain an optimal reference pH, a function, representing soil's role as a reservoir and regulator of nutrients; and a service, considering available water holding capacity (AWC) for water security. Integrating these activities culminates in a soil capital metric, providing a comprehensive understanding of the soil's economic value in US$/ha units on a pixel-by-pixel basis across Australia. To achieve this, we analysed spatial information from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia (SLGA) with Google Earth Engine (GEE). Our study generated detailed maps illustrating pH regulation costs, OC, nutrients (N, P, K), and AWC across Australia. The integration of these roles revealed regions of large soil capital in the Australian eastern coast and Tasmania.

Analisis sentimen merupakan proses identifikasi emosional seseorang terhadap suatu objek yang akan menghasilkan sentimen positif, negatif dan netral. Kemajuan teknologi ini tentu memberikan pengaruh terhadap berbagai pelaku bisnis untuk saling mengintegrasikan sistem bisnisnya satu sama lain, salah satunya Tiket.com. Hal tersebut tentu menghasilkan sentimen dari masyarakat Indonesia yang diunggah pada platform media sosial Twitter, sehingga membantu individu maupun organisasi dalam mengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui klasifikasi sentimen masyarakat Indonesia terhadap Tiket.com menggunakan algoritma Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) dan Random Forest (RF). Berdasarkan perhitungan data sentimen terhadap Tiket.com terdapat 90.3% sentimen positif dan 9.7% sentimen negatif. Persentase tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Tiket.com cukup berpengaruh positif terhadap penggunanya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian algoritma klasifikasi, diketahui NBC memperoleh tingkat akurasi sebesar 88%, KNN dengan nilai k = 11 mendapatkan akurasi sebesar 91%, SVM menghasilkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 92%, dan tingkat akurasi RF mencapai 93% dengan n_estimators = 100. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini, Random Forest merupakan algoritma yang memiliki tingkat akurasi paling tinggi dibanding dengan algoritma klasifikasi lain.

Purpose: The anterior segment in individuals with high myopia has different features compared to those without myopia. IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL are two accurate optical biometers. Both devices measure the cornea differently and thus yield different results when measuring intraocular lens (IOL) power. The purpose of this study is to assess the agreement of the IOL power calculation between IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL in patients with high myopia. Methods: A prospective, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the agreement between the IOL power calculation with IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL. In this study, 44 eyes were examined using Oculus Pentacam AXL and IOLMaster 700, and IOL power was calculated using the Barret Universal II formula and the AMO Sensar AR40E. The Bland–Altman plot was used to evaluate the agreement between the two devices. Results: Based on the IOLMaster 700 examination, 44 eyes with high myopia had axial lengths ranging from 26.05 to 34.02 mm. The mean IOL power was 8.26 ± 4.755 and 8.58 ± 4.776 based on IOLMaster 700 and Oculus Pentacam AXL, respectively. The Bland–Altman plot revealed good agreement between the two devices, with a mean difference of −0.3182 in the IOL power calculation and a 95% LoA of 0.88099–0.24462 with a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Both devices showed good agreement in the IOL power calculation in patients with high myopia.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of housing financing facilitation and assistance policies for low-income people (LIP) in Bekasi District, with a case study of Villa Kencana Cikarang Housing. A qualitative descriptive approach with a case study design was utilized, applying Khan & Khandaker's rational model of policy implementation to evaluate five key variables: clarity of policy objectives, detailed and consistent planning, clear division of tasks, accurate standardization, and proper supervision. The findings reveal several issues, including policy targets that do not reflect the housing needs of each region, inaccuracies in targeting FLPP mortgage recipients, limited planning of FLPP credit/financing schemes, a shortage of human resources in implementing organizations, and various obstacles in post-distribution monitoring related to occupancy. Practical recommendations from this study include setting policy targets based on the proposed housing needs of each region, continuously developing and evaluating the current government housing credit/financing schemes to expand their implementation and utilization beyond LIP to include the poor and non-LIP groups, accelerating staff recruitment and rotation in implementing organizations, and ensuring inherent supervision by involving developers to monitor occupancy rates and applying strict sanctions to LIP who violate the provisions on the use of subsidized housing.

Sandra Megantara,1,2 Agus Rusdin,3 Arif Budiman,3 Shaharum Shamsuddin,4 Noratiqah Mohtar,5 Muchtaridi Muchtaridi1,2,6 1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 2Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radio Pharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 4School of Health, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; 5School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia; 6Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U CoE), Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Sandra Megantara, Tel +62-813-2066-3583, Email s.megantara@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in late 2019, viral infections have become one of the top three causes of mortality worldwide. Immunization and the use of immunomodulatory drugs are effective ways to prevent and treat viral infections. However, the primary therapy for managing viral infections remains antiviral and antiretroviral medication. Unfortunately, these drugs are often limited by physicochemical constraints such as low target selectivity and poor aqueous solubility. Although several modifications have been made to enhance the physicochemical characteristics and efficacy of these drugs, there are few published studies that summarize and compare these modifications. Our review systematically synthesized and discussed antiviral drug modification reports from publications indexed in Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We examined various approaches that were investigated to address physicochemical issues and increase activity, including liposomes, cocrystals, solid dispersions, salt modifications, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems. We were impressed by how well each strategy addressed physicochemical issues and improved antiviral activity. In conclusion, these modifications represent a promising way to improve the physicochemical characteristics, functionality, and effectiveness of antivirals in clinical therapy.Keywords: antiviral drugs, current modifications, drug delivery system, physicochemical properties

Arif Budiman,1 Gracia Anastasya,1 Annisa Luthfiyah Handini,1 Ira Novianty Lestari,2 Laila Subra,3 Diah Lia Aulifa2 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacy, Universiti Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Diah Lia Aulifa, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl, Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia, Email diah.lia@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Solid oral dosage forms are mostly preferred in pharmaceutical formulation development due to patient convenience, ease of product handling, high throughput, low manufacturing costs, with good physical and chemical stability. However, 70% of drug candidates have poor water solubility leading to compromised bioavailability. This phenomenon occurs because drug molecules are often absorbed after dissolving in gastrointestinal fluid. To address this limitation, delivery systems designed to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug molecules are needed to allow controlled release and target-specific delivery. Among various strategies, amorphous formulations show significantly high potential, particularly for molecules with solubility-limited dissolution rates. The ease of drug molecules to amorphized is known as their glass-forming ability (GFA). Specifically, drug molecules categorized into class III based on the Taylor classification have a low recrystallization tendency and high GFA after cooling, with substantial “glass stability” when heated. In the last decades, the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) has gained significant attention in various investigations and the pharmaceutical industry. This is attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of MSNs, including high loading capacity, recrystallization inhibition, excellent biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the current state of good glass former drug loaded mesoporous silica and shows its impact on the pharmaceutical properties including dissolution and physical stability, along with in vivo study. The results show the importance of determining whether mesoporous structures are needed in amorphous formulations to improve the pharmaceutical properties of drug with a favorable GFA. Keywords: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, good glass-forming ability, characterization, dissolution, in vivo study

The financial performance of a company reflects its ability to run and manage its operations while strictly adhering to prudent financial administration principles. Good financial performance often mirrors the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles in a company. The application of GCG provides a solid foundation for a company to conduct its operations transparently, ethically, and accountability. The objective of this research is to analyze the implementation of GCG and the capabilities of big data analysis on financial performance, as well as to examine the mediating role of big data analysis in the relationship between GCG and financial performance. The research method employed is quantitative, and data were obtained through a survey questionnaire distributed using a Likert Scale of 1-5. Random sampling was employed to select 258 samples from manufacturing companies that are State-Owned Enterprises (SOE/BUMN) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE/BEI). Data collection took place from March 2023 to May 2023. Respondents included staff and managers from these BUMN companies. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. The research findings indicate that GCG has a positive and significant influence on big data analysis, providing a foundation for digital transformation. Furthermore, GCG also contributes positively and significantly to the financial performance of the company. Big data analysis has proven to have a positive impact on financial performance, indicating the role of technology in optimizing financial results. Another interesting finding is that big data analysis mediates the relationship between GCG and financial performance, highlighting the crucial role of technology in connecting good corporate governance practices with optimal financial outcomes.

The utilization of STEM-based technology is essential for activating students in learning. One of the media that can be used in STEM-based learning is the Analysis Video Tracker. Analysis Video Tracker is an application used to analyze speed, velocity, acceleration, force, gravitational field, conversion, and energy conservation. This study used the Video Tracker Analysis application, which aims to observe the effect of object mass in measuring viscosity. Second, to assess the viscosity values between bulk oil and packaged oil. Finally, to examine the reliability of data generated by video tracker analysis application. The research method used in this study is an experimental method of analyzing video recordings of the motion of falling objects into a liquid with Tracker Software version 6.1.0. This research data was analyzed through the Analysis Video Tracker application, excel, and SPSS version 25. The results of the research in this article. First, the mass of the object used to measure affects viscosity time (s), distance traveled (cm), speed (cm/s), and acceleration (cm/s2). Secondly, the viscosity value of bulk oil is higher (3.978 Nm/s2) than packaged oil (3.124 Nm/s2). Third, the data obtained from the video tracker analysis application is reliable or consistent. The results of this research are expected to serve as a reference and alternative in using learning media, especially on the topic of viscosity, and to become a reference in selecting oils for food processing.

Aggregation is one of the key properties influencing the function of soils, including the soil’s potential to stabilise organic carbon and create habitats for micro-organisms. The mechanisms by which organic matter influences aggregation and alters the pore geometry remain largely unknown. We hypothesised that rapid microbial processing of organic matter and wetting and drying of soil promotes aggregation and changes in pore geometry. Using microcosms of silicate clays and sand with either rapidly decomposable glucose or slowly decomposable cellulose, the degree of aggregation (P

Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration has become a critical component of climate change mitigation strategies, offering a natural and economically viable means to mitigate atmospheric CO2 levels. Current practices in SOC sequestration auditing face limitations due to the requirement for carbon permanence, which can discourage landholders from participating due to long-term commitments and uncertainties. We propose the concept of the Soil Carbon Tonne-Year as a new unit of measurement for assessing SOC sequestration, focusing on the time-integrated amount of carbon stored in the soil. Soil carbon tonne-year measures SOC stock across different operational soil carbon pools (such as Mineral Associated Organic Carbon and Particulate Organic Carbon), each with its own mean residence time. This approach, based on physical rather than economic or climatic metrics, aims to offer a more accurate, flexible, and realistic method of accounting for SOC. Our examples suggest that the Soil Carbon Tonne-Year approach could significantly enhance management flexibility, potentially increasing land value and leading to sustainable gains over the long term.

The Soil Security Assessment Framework (SSAF) has been proposed and developed as a concept to quantitatively ensure a sustainable future for soil, thereby supporting ecosystem sustainability. Evaluating the habitat of biodiversity quantitatively, particularly concerning bacterial communities, is crucial yet challenging, especially for the often-overlooked rare species. This study aims to utilise SSAF to assess the capacity and condition of soil function – the habitat of biodiversity, by examining bacterial communities to understand soil security within Lower Namoi Valley, NSW, Australia. We selected four indicators: relative abundance and alpha diversity of both soil abundant and rare bacterial communities, for capacity and condition, using the pedogenon concept. Our findings indicate significant variations in soil capacity and condition within the valley. Aggregating the indicators as utility scores revealed that the study area has a moderate capacity, with many regions in good condition relative to capacity, especially in less disturbed areas. Specifically, agricultural practices led to a significant increase in conditions for abundant bacterial communities but a decrease in rare bacterial communities. Less disturbed areas exhibited higher scores for rare sub-communities, suggesting better preservation of biodiversity. The study highlights the significant impact of human activities on soil habitat of biodiversity function in the Lower Namoi Valley. By integrating the analysis of abundant and rare microbial biodiversity into the soil security assessment framework, this study offers insights for soil management, advocating practices that support soil biodiversity to ensure long-term ecosystem sustainability.

Deshanda Kurniawan Prayoga,1,* Diah Lia Aulifa,2,* Arif Budiman,3,* Jutti Levita4,* 1Master Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jutti Levita, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, 46363, Indonesia, Tel +6222-84288888 Ext 3510, Email jutti.levita@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Ulcer disorders including the oral mucosa, large intestine, and stomach mucosa, cause significant global health burdens. Conventional treatments such as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), and cytoprotective agents have drawbacks like mucosal injury, diminish gastric acid secretion, and interact with concurrent medications. Therefore, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed to tackle this health concern. Plants are rich in active metabolites in the bark, roots, leaves, fruits, and seeds, and have been utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times. The use of herbal therapy is crucial, and regulations are necessary to ensure the quality of products, particularly in randomized studies, to assess their efficacy and safety in treating ulcer disorders. This study aims to explore the anti-ulcer activity of medicinal plants in treating peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers. Articles were searched in Scopus and PubMed, and filtered for publication from 2013 to 2023, resulting in a total of 460 from Scopus and 239 from PubMed. The articles were further screened by title and abstract and resulted in 55 articles. Natural products, rich in active metabolites, were described to manage ulcer disease by protecting the mucosa, reducing ulcer effects, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, and reducing bacterial load, thus improving patients’ quality of life. Natural extracts have proven effective in managing other health problems, including ulcers by reducing pain and decreasing lesions. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on medicinal plants, focusing on their effectiveness in treating conditions like peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and aphthous ulcers.Keywords: anti-ulcers, aphthous ulcer, botanical drugs, peptic ulcer disease, ulcerative colitis

Sedimentation determines how optimal a reservoir functions throughout its design life. The Sempor Reservoir in Central Java, Indonesia, will be 45 years old in 2023. At least 15 million m3 of particles have been sedimented in the reservoir for >30 years, reducing its function as an irrigation water source to only 60%. Therefore, assessing its performance in providing irrigation water and generating hydropower electricity is essential, given that its design life ends in 2028. This study was conducted to analyse the sedimentation and estimate the useful life of the Sempor Reservoir based on the erosion potential in its catchment area. The potential sedimentation rate was formulated from erosion potential assessed using the universal soil loss equation (USLE) model, sediment delivery ratio (SDR) and trap efficiency (TE). By contrast, the actual sedimentation rate was determined from changes in the dead storage capacity from 2013 to 2023. The interpolation performance evaluation of the bathymetric survey results was tested using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) which resulted in values of 0.917; 0.87; and 13.03%, respectively. The results show that the catchment area had an erosion potential of 3,405,353.86 t·a-1, resulting in a potential sedimentation rate of 309,106.63 m3·a-1. The calculated actual sedimentation rate was 33,903.28 m3·a-1. Therefore, the useful life of the Sempor Reservoir was estimated to end in 0.5 years and 4.59 years based on the potential and actual sedimentation rates, respectively.

Good agricultural development planning requires an accurate and real-time database. This is very important to see the development and level of welfare of farmers as the spearhead of food security. Sungai Kakap Sub-district, Kubu Raya Regency is one of the sub-districts with the number of Gapoktan (23), Poktan (284), the number of members (6305) with Field Agricultural Extension Workers (PPL) since 2019 totalling 9 civil servants and 14 people helping themselves. The number of PPLs is not proportional to the number of farmer group members, making supervision of agricultural activities difficult. The presentation of information in the form of Web GIS is expected to be a solution so that assistance, guidance, and counselling carried out by the government through the agriculture office can be right on target. The purpose of this research is to build a Web GIS-based Agricultural Information System in Sungai Kakap District so that it can be used as a model for agricultural monitoring activities in other areas. The engineering method in this research uses Remote Sensing and Waterfall methods. Remote Sensing is a method of building spatial data using aerial photo interpretation techniques, while Waterfall is used to build a web GIS as a place to display spatial data. The result of this research is Software Engineering in the form of a Web GIS-based Agricultural Information System Application. This Web GIS application can then be used as a tool to monitor the agricultural activities of each farmer group member in each farmer group.

An undeniable fact that still often occurs in Indonesia is friction between religions in the community. The root of the problem is because people do not understand the concept of Multicultural, so it is important for Religious Learning to include this value in the curriculum. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the philosophical basis in multicultural education and its relevance to Islamic Religious Education, as well as its application in educational institutions today. The type of research applied in this article is a literature study with descriptive qualitative methods. The conclusion of this research is that the philosophical basis used in multicultural education is not timeless with the concept of Indonesian statehood, multicultural education is a concept that is very relevant to religious values, in its application it has been implemented through the concept of the 2013 curriculum.

This article aims to understand various efforts to improve public services through deregulation. For example, the Mayor of Pekalongan shared complaints from fishermen who felt that the existence of the state and government made it difficult because to take care of sea permits alone had to deal with 17 different agencies. The problem centers on the obstacles to improving public services through deregulation and the factors that cause overregulation in Indonesia. This study determined the obstacles to public services and over-regulation. The data used are secondary data collected through literature studies and analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that the Government has made various efforts to improve intermediate public services through deregulation by enacting several laws and regulations that unify the material of previous laws and regulations. Overregulation occurs in Indonesia due to the unclear development of authority between various institutions. There are still many overlapping laws and regulations in regulating various affairs so the applicable regulations can be said to have been too many. Therefore, there needs to be a firm policy in the division of authority of regulators so that there is no more over-regulation because there are no more overlapping regulations.

Diah Lia Aulifa,1 Adnan Aly Al Shofwan,2 Sandra Megantara,1 Taufik Muhammad Fakih,3 Arif Budiman2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Diah Lia Aulifa, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Email diah.lia@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Amorphous drug dispersion is frequently used to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs, thereby improving their oral bioavailability. The dispersion of these drugs into polymer matrix can inhibit their recrystallization. The inter-molecular interactions between drug and polymer plays a role in the improvement of the dissolution rate, solubility, and physical stability of drug.Aim: This study aims to investigate the formation and interactions of ritonavir (RTV)/poloxamer (PLX) amorphous formulation using a computational approach via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which mimicked solvent evaporation and melt-quenching method.Methods: TheRoot Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value, Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), Radial Distribution Function (RDF), Radius of Gyration (Rg), Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), and hydrogen bond interactions were analyzed to determine interaction mechanisms between RTV and PLX in amorphous solid dispersion.Results: The pi-alkyl bonds between RTV and PLX were formed after simulations of solvent evaporation, while the hydrogen bond interactions of RTV-PLX was observed during melt method simulations. These results indicate the successful formulation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) from RTV and PLX. The RMSD values obtained from the solvent evaporation, melt-cooling-A, melt-cooling-B, and melt-cooling-C methods were 3.33 Å, 1.97 Å, 1.30 Å, and 1.29 Å, respectively, while the average RMSF values were 2.65 Å, 1.04 Å, 1.05 Å, and 1.07 Å, respectively. This indicates that the suppression of translational motion of RTV from the melt method can be stronger than solvent evaporation caused by the intermolecular interactions of RTV-PLX.Conclusion: MD simulations helped in understanding the formation and interaction mechanisms of ASD formulations that were difficult to detect by experimental approaches.Keywords: amorphous solid dispersion, molecular interaction, molecular dynamics simulations, ritonavir, poloxamer

Arif Budiman,1 Yoga Windhu Wardhana,1 Ahmad Ainurofiq,2 Yuda Prasetya Nugraha,3 Ridhatul Qaivani,4 Siti Nazila Awaliyyah Lukmanul Hakim,4 Diah Lia Aulifa4 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java 45363, Indonesia; 2Pharmaceutical Technology and Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, 57126, Indonesia; 3School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, 45363, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Arif Budiman, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Email arif.budiman@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Drug-coformer systems, such as coamorphous and cocrystal, are gaining recognition as highly effective strategies for enhancing the stability, solubility, and dissolution of drugs. These systems depend on the interactions between drug and coformer to prevent the conversion of amorphous drugs into the crystalline form and improve the solubility. Furthermore, mesoporous silica (MPS) is also a promising carrier commonly used for stabilization, leading to solubility improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs. The surface interaction of drug-MPS and the nanoconfinement effect prevent amorphous drugs from crystallizing. A novel method has been developed recently, which entails the loading of drug-coformer into MPS to improve the solubility, dissolution, and physical stability of the amorphous drug. This method uses the synergistic effects of drug-coformer interactions and the nanoconfinement effect within MPS. Several studies have reported successful incorporation of drug-coformer into MPS, indicating the potential for significant improvement in dissolution characteristics and physical stability of the drug. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the preparation and characterization of drug-coformer within MPS, particularly the interaction in the nanoconfinement, as well as the impact on drug release and physical stability. Keywords: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, coamorphous, cocrystal, hydrogen bond, dissolution, physical stability

Introduction. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has been developed for treatment hepatitis C virus (HCV). Therapy of HCV using DAA has shown high sustained virologic response (SVR) and shortening duration of therapy. Sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) is fixed dose combination tablet of DAAs which recommended for genotype 1, 4, 5, and 6 infected patients. In developing countries, SOF/LDV still can be used as cost-effective regimen in all genotype compared with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF/ DCV). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination sofosbuvir-ledipasvir in all genotypes of HCV patients compared with available DAA in Indonesia (sofosbuvir- daclatasvir). Methods. A retrospective study was conducted among patients who received HCV therapy in Klinik Hati and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during January until December 2017. Demographic data, baseline characteristics virus, and baseline characteristics laboratory were collected from medical record. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Jurnal Penyakit Dalam IndonesiaJurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Volume 10 Issue 4 Article 3 12-31-2023 Kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- DaclatasvirKombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir pada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di Indonesiapada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di Indonesia Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman DrHepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia., andri_sani@yahoo.com Irsan Hasan DrHepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia., irsan_h@yahoo.com Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana DrHepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia., medicaldr2001id@yahoo.com Juferdy Kurniawan DrHepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia., juferdy.k@gmail.com Gita ApriliciaHepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia., gita.2a3@gmail.com See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi Part of the Internal Medicine Commons, and the Virus Diseases Commons Recommended CitationRecommended Citation Sulaiman, Andri Sanityoso Dr; Hasan, Irsan Dr; Lesmana, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Dr; Kurniawan, Juferdy Dr; Aprilicia, Gita; Nugroho, Yayah Dr; Wahyuni, Nunuk Tri Dr; and Sulaiman, Budiman Sujatmika (2023) "Kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir pada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di Indonesia," Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia: Vol. 10: Iss. 4, Article 3. DOI: 10.7454/jpdi.v10i4.1501 Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi/vol10/iss4/3 This Original Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty of Medicine at UI Scholars Hub. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia by an authorized editor of UI Scholars Hub. Kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir pada PengobatanKombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir pada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di IndonesiaPasien Hepatitis C di Indonesia AuthorsAuthors Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman Dr, Irsan Hasan Dr, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana Dr, Juferdy Kurniawan Dr, Gita Aprilicia, Yayah Nugroho Dr, Nunuk Tri Wahyuni Dr, and Budiman Sujatmika Sulaiman This original article is available in Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jpdi/vol10/iss4/3 LAPORAN PENELITIAN183Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia | V o l . 10, No. 4 | Desember 2 0 2 3 | Kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir pada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di Indonesia Combination of Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir- Daclatasvir for Treatment HCV Patients in Indonesia Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman1,2, Irsan Hasan1, Cosmas Rinaldi Adithya Lesmana1, Juferdy Kurniawan1, Gita Aprilicia1, Yayah Nugroho2, Nunuk Tri Wahyuni2, Budiman Sujatmika Sulaiman2 1Divisi Hepatobilier, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta 2Klinik Hati Prof Ali Sulaiman, Jakarta Korespondensi: Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman. Divisi Hepatobilier, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia/RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: andri_sani@yahoo.com ABSTRAK Pendahuluan. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) telah dikembangkan untuk pengobatan virus hepatitis C (VHC). Terapi hepatitis C dengan menggunakan DAA telah menunjukkan respons virologis berkelanjutan yang tinggi (sustained virologic response/SVR) dan durasi terapi yang lebih singkat. Sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) adalah tablet kombinasi DAA dengan dosis tetap yang direkomendasikan untuk pasien yang terinfeksi genotipe 1, 4, 5, dan 6. Di negara berkembang, SOF/LDV masih dapat digunakan sebagai obat paduan dengan biaya yang lebih ekonomis untuk semua genotipe dibandingkan dengan sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF/DCV). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efikasi kombinasi sofosbuvir- ledipasvir pada semua genotipe pasien hepatitis C dibandingkan dengan DAA yang tersedia di Indonesia (sofosbuvir- daclatasvir). Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian retrospektif terhadap pasien yang mendapatkan terapi hepatitis C di Klinik Hati dan Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari hingga Desember 2017. Data demografi, karakteristik awal virus, dan karakteristik awal laboratorium dikumpulkan dari rekam medis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kuantitatif untuk muatan virus hepatitis C dinilai pada titik akhir penelitian. Efikasi SOF/LDV dan SOF/DCV dilakukan dengan respons virologis yang berkelanjutan pada minggu ke-12 (SVR-12). Hasil. Sebanyak 214 pasien hepatitis C diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 69 pasien diobati dengan SOF/LDV, sedangkan 145 pasien diobati dengan SOF/DCV. Pada kelompok SOF/LDV, sebanyak 20 (29%) pasien memiliki pengalaman terapi, 9 (13%) menerima terapi 24 minggu, dan 26 (37,7%) pasien memiliki sirosis. Pada kelompok SOF/DCV, 24 (16,6%) pasien memiliki pengalaman terapi, 38 (26,2%) menerima terapi 24 minggu, dan 41 (28,3%) pasien memiliki sirosis. Pasien hepatitis C didominasi oleh genotipe 1 pada kedua kelompok SOF/LDV dan SOF/DCV (63,7 vs. 67,6%). Virus hepatitis C tidak terdeteksi pada seluruh pasien setelah terapi kombinasi SOF/LDV, dengan angka SVR-12 adalah 69/69 (100%). Sementara itu, angka SVR-12 mencapai 142/145 (97,9%) pada kelompok SOF/DCV. Kesimpulan. SOF/LDV efektif pada semua genotipe pasien hepatitis C dan biaya kombinasi dosis tunggal SOF/LDV lebih terjangkau bagi pasien di negara berkembang dibandingkan dengan rejimen SOF/DCV. Kata Kunci: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF/DCV), sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SOF/LDV), SVR-12, virus hepatitis C ABSTRACT Introduction. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has been developed for treatment hepatitis C virus (HCV). Therapy of HCV using DAA has shown high sustained virologic response (SVR) and shortening duration of therapy. Sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) is fixed dose combination tablet of DAAs which recommended for genotype 1, 4, 5, and 6 infected patients. In developing countries, SOF/LDV still can be used as cost-effective regimen in all genotype compared with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF/ DCV). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combination sofosbuvir-ledipasvir in all genotypes of HCV patients compared with available DAA in Indonesia (sofosbuvir- daclatasvir). Methods. A retrospective study was conducted among patients who received HCV therapy in Klinik Hati and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during January until December 2017. Demographic data, baseline characteristics virus, and baseline characteristics laboratory were collected from medical record. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 184| Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia | V o l . 10, No. 4 | Desember 2 0 2 3 Andri S. Sulaiman, Irsan Hasan, C.R.A Lesmana, Juferdy Kurniawan, Gita Aprilicia,Yayah Nugroho, Nunuk Tri Wahyuni, Budiman S. Sulaiman HCV RNA were assessed at the end point of study. The efficacy of SOF/LDV and SOF/DCV were carried out by sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR-12). Results. A total of 214 HCV patients were include in this study. Sixty-nine patients treated with SOF/LDV, whereas 145 patients treated with SOF/DCV. In group of SOF/LDV, 20 (29%) patients had an experience therapy, 9 (13%) received 24-week therapy, 26 (37.7%) patients observed with cirrhosis. In group of SOF/DCV, 24 (16.6%) patients had an experience therapy, 38 (26.2%) received 24-week therapy, 41 (28.3%) patients observed with cirrhosis. The patients were dominated by HCV genotype 1 in both of group SOF/LDV and SOF/DCV (63.7% vs. 67.6%). All patients had undetected HCV RNA virus after the combination therapy of SOF/LDV, with the SVR-12 rate was 69 (100%) patients. Meanwhile, SVR-12 rate was achieved in 142 (97.9%) patients in group SOF/DCV. Conclusion. SOF/LDV is effective in all genotype of HCV patients and the cost fix dose combination of SOF/LDV more affordable to patients in developing countries compared with SOF/DCV regimen. Keywords: Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs), HCV, sofosbuvir-daclatasvir (SOF/DCV), sofosbuvir-ledipasvir (SOF/LDV), SVR-12 PENDAHULUAN Infeksi hepatitis C telah menjadi epidemi global. Pada tahun 2015, World Health International (WHO) memperkirakan bahwa 71 juta penduduk dunia terinfeksi hepatitis C kronis.1 Total kematian terkait hepatitis C mencapai 399.000 penduduk pada tahun 2018, yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh karsinoma hepatoseluler dan sirosis akibat infeksi virus hepatitis C.2 Virus hepatitis C (VHC) ditandai dengan variabilitas genetik yang beragam. Terdapat 7 genotipe dan lebih dari 67 subtipe VHC yang telah teridentifikasi di seluruh dunia.3 Genotipe yang paling banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah genotipe 1, dengan prevalensi diperkirakan 62,7%, diikuti oleh genotipe 2 (16,4%), genotipe 3 (13,0%), dan sebagian kecil genotipe 4 (2,7%), genotipe 5 (0,9%), dan genotipe 6 (1,3%).4 Genotipe 1 adalah genotipe yang paling sulit diobati dengan obat paduan pegylated interferon/ ribavirin (Peg-IFN/RBV). Sebuah studi oleh Juniastuti5 di Indonesia melaporkan bahwa hanya 73,5% pasien mencapai early virological response (EVR) dan sustained virological response (SVR) setelah pengobatan dengan Peg-IFN/RB. Sejak tahun 2016, direct acting antiviral agent (DAA) diusulkan menjadi pengobatan standar baru untuk pasien hepatitis C di Indonesia. Penemuan DAA telah mengubah pengobatan hepatitis C dengan meningkatkan sustained virologic response (SVR) dan memperpendek durasi pengobatan.6 Pencapaian SVR setelah pengobatan dengan DAA dikaitkan dengan berkurangnya risiko penyakit hati dan komplikasinya, termasuk dekompensasi sirosis, karsinoma hepatoseluler, dan kematian.7 Beberapa obat paduan kombinasi sofosbuvir (SOF) telah menunjukkan efektivitas dan keamanan yang unggul untuk mengobati infeksi VHC kronis. Secara khusus, kombinasi SOF dengan inhibitor protein nonstruktural 5A (NS5A), misalnya ledipasvir (LDV), daclatasvir (DCV), atau velpatasvir (VEL) telah menunjukkan efektivitas tinggi dengan tingkat SVR pada 12 minggu pasca pengobatan mencapai 80-90%.8 Sebagian besar data tentang efektivitas DAA pada pasien hepatitis C berasal dari negara barat, hanya sedikit data yang diperoleh dari negara di Asia, khususnya Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir pada semua genotipe pasien hepatitis C dibandingkan dengan DAA yang tersedia di Indonesia (sofosbuvir- daclatasvir). METODE Semua pasien dewasa dengan hepatitis C positif berusia di atas 18 tahun yang diobati dengan sofosbuvir di Klinik Hati Prof Ali Sulaiman dan Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada periode Januari hingga Desember 2017 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian ini secara retrospektif. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien dalam masa kehamilan, pasien dengan keganasan, dan pasien dengan adanya gangguan ginjal. Sumber data serial kasus SOF/ LDV hanya diperoleh dari Klinik Hati Prof Ali Sulaiman, sedangkan data serial kasus SOF/DCV diperoleh dari Klinik Hati Prof Ali Sulaiman dan Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pada kelompok pertama, pasien menerima kombinasi SOF/LDV dengan dosis tetap tunggal secara oral (90 mg ledipasvir dan 400 mg sofosbuvir). Pada kelompok lain, pasien menerima SOF/DCV (60 mg daclatasvir dan 400 mg sofosbuvir). Jika pasien memiliki koinfeksi dengan human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), pasien menerima penyesuaian dosis daclatasvir 90 mg. Durasi pemberian DAA pada regimen SOF/DCV diberikan selama 12 minggu atau 24 minggu tergantung pada adanya sirosis hati. Sementara pada regimen SOF/LDV, sebagian besar pasien diberikan terapi selama 12 minggu dan ditambahkan menjadi 24 minggu pengobatan sesuai dengan kesanggupan pembiayaan pasien. Sebelum terapi, beberapa pemeriksaan klinis dan laboratorium dilakukan. Viral load HCV RNA, genotipe, riwayat terapi sebelumnya, ada tidaknya sirosis, riwayat diabetes melitus, dan kekakuan hati dikumpulkan 185Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia | V o l . 10, No. 4 | Desember 2 0 2 3| Kombinasi Sofosbuvir-Ledipasvir dan Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir pada Pengobatan Pasien Hepatitis C di Indonesia sebelum terapi. Efikasi utama SOF/LDV dan SOF/DCV dilakukan dengan SVR-12 (tingkat SVR pada 12-minggu paska pengobatan). SVR didefinisikan sebagai virus yang tidak terdeteksi setelah dinilai dengan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kuantitatif untuk RNA HCV. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25. Data dinyatakan sebagai rerata [simpang baku (SB)] atau median (rentang) untuk data kontinu dan dinyatakan sebagai proporsi n (%) untuk data kategorikal. Perbandingan antarkelompok dinilai dengan uji t-test independent atau uji Man-Whitney untuk data kontinu dan uji chi square untuk data kategorik. Nilai p

The safety of the mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been demonstrated for people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, vaccine studies in PLHIV are limited, and there is a gap in which vaccine type provides the best response in PLHIV. Thus, PLHIV may benefit from mRNA vaccine types compared to inactivated vaccines. This study aims to assess the immune responses to vaccination by measuring specific antibodies (IgG) targeting the receptor binding sites (RBDs) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ in plasma. A total of 41 PLHIV who regularly take antiretroviral therapy (ART) over a period of six months, along with 31 individuals in a healthy control group (HC), were administered either two mRNA or inactivated vaccines. Data regarding demographics and clinical information were gathered from the medical records. An analysis was conducted on the neutralisation antibody IgG specific to RBD using the chemiluminescence microparticle assay (CMIA). The levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ were quantified using the Luminex assay method from plasma samples. Data were collected in the laboratory 28 days after each vaccination. After the first vaccination, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG was higher in PLHIV who received the mRNA vaccines than those who received inactivated vaccines (p = 0.006). The levels of mRNA in the PLHIV group showed a significant correlation with IL-2 and IFN-γ after the second vaccination (r = 0.51, p = 0.0035; r = 0.68, p = 0.002). The group of PLHIV who received the inactivated vaccine showed increased IL-2 and IFN-γ after the initial vaccination, compared to PLHIV who received the mRNA vaccine (p = 0.04; p = 0.08). Administering a two-dose vaccination is essential to increase the levels of neutralising antibodies significantly (p = 0.013) in PLHIV who have received inactivated vaccines; further study is needed to make this a recommendation. The responses observed after vaccination in PLHIV were not affected by their CD4 cell counts. PLHIV showed higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and increased IL-2 and IFN-γ levels. Our study encourages SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLHIV regardless of its CD4 cell counts. Furthermore, the mRNA vaccine may give robust high antibody responses in PLHIV.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between dry eye symptoms and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and to assess the real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the conjunctival swab. Methods: A prospective observational case series study was conducted of all suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients from Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) and the Universitas Indonesia Hospital (RSUI). On the first day of the visit (day 0), systemic clinical symptoms and naso-oropharyngeal (NO) RT‒PCR results will classify all subjects as non-, suspected, or confirmed (mild, moderate, and severe) COVID-19. In all patients, we determined the dry eye symptoms based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and followed up 7(day 7) and 14 days (day 14) after the first visit. When it was technically possible, we also examined the objective dry eye measurements: tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive Keratograph® break-up time (NIKBUT), and ocular redness. Additionally, we took conjunctival swab samples for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in all patients. Results: The OSDI scores for 157 patients decreased across days 0, 7, and 14 (median (interquartile range): 2.3 (0–8), 0 (0–3), and 0 (0-0), p value

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is one of the crucial national vaccination programs aimed at reducing the prevalence of the diseases associated with HPV infections, which continue to pose a global health concern. However, a significant disparity exists in the distribution of HPV vaccine, particularly in low-middle income countries where the cost of HPV vaccine becomes a major obstacle. Thus, it is essential to ensure the availability of an economically feasible HPV vaccine, necessitating immediate efforts to enhance the cost-effectiveness of vaccine production. This study aimed to develop an efficient production system for the recombinant HPV type 52 L1 protein as HPV vaccine material using methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha expression system. Results: This study presents an in-depth examination of the expression and scale-up production of HPV type 52 L1 protein using DASGIP® parallel bioreactor system. The pHIPX4 plasmid, which is regulated by the MOX promoter, generates stable clones that express the target protein. Cultivation employing the synthetic medium SYN6(10) with controlled parameters (e.g. temperature, pH, feeding strategy, and aeration) produces 0.15 µg/mL of HPV type 52 L1 protein, suggesting a possibility for scaling up to a higher production level. Conclusion: The scale-up production of HPV type 52 L1 protein using Hansenula polymorpha expression system described in this study provides an opportunity for an economical manufacturing platform for the development of the HPV vaccine.

This research aims to investigate the dynamic growth and development of the sport of petanque in Indonesia, specifically focusing on the progress witnessed during the 2011 SEA Games. Notably, the establishment of the Federation of Petanque Sports Indonesia (FOPI) marked a significant turning point, leading to rapid progress facilitated by various universities and extensive community involvement. In addition, this study emphasizes the importance of physical condition, accuracy, and mastery of basic techniques such as Pointing and Shooting to achieve success in the sport of petanque. To further improve the physical condition of petanque athletes, this research implements the Training Resistance Xander (TRX) training model, This research is a Research & Development (R&D) study with qualitative methods. The results showed the implementation of this model demonstrated a positive impact on the athletes' physical condition, highlighting its efficacy as a comprehensive training solution. This research highlights the holistic approach required for sports development, emphasizing the need for customized training models to optimize athletic performance.

Learning physical education, sports and health at SMP Negeri 3 Wates can be said to be less effective due to several factors. First, the limited availability of textbooks which is one of the students' learning resources. As a result, during physical education lessons, students only do practical activities in the field. The purpose of this study is to determine students' understanding of physical education material, which leads to confusion during written exams. This research and development model of multimedia learning for Physical Education, Sports, and Health for grade VII students in junior high school uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach, using the multimedia development model developed by Borg & Gall. Borg and Gall's research and development process involves 10 steps, of which researchers will apply 9 steps, including: (1) Potential and problems, (2) Data collection, (3) Product design, (4) Design validation, (5) Design revision, (6) Product trial, (7) Design revision, (8) Usage trial, and (9) Product revision. Based on the conclusions of this study, the development of Android-based interactive media is considered valid, with 75% validation from learning experts and 75% validation from media experts, signifying the validation of Android-based interactive media. Android-based interactive media is considered effective for use in learning, because it obtained a percentage of 80% in the limited trial and 86% in the broad trial.

In the realm of fisheries, particularly in the cultivation of fish in peat ponds, well water or irrigation is the primary water source. However, due to its peat composition, the water used exhibits turbidity and a high density of particles. Consequently, the quality of this water for fish cultivation remains a subject of debate. Within peatlands, the quality of pond water significantly impacts fish growth. Filtration and absorption technology has been selected, as it presents various advantages and disadvantages when compared to current conventional methods. The filtration and absorption media used consist of 15% silica, 15% active sand, 20% active carbon, 25% zeolite, and 25% corosex pH adjuster. Other issues, electricity-related challenges frequently arise in fish farming. The adoption of renewable energy in the form of solar power has been proposed to generate electrical energy. This application utilizes solar power-based filtration and absorption water processing technology, with a series of test variables to ascertain the impact on pond water quality. This is accomplished by comparing the filtration and absorption settings to untreated pond water and pond water treated with water hyacinth. The results of this application include the production of 100% alternative electric power, reduction of TDS levels by up to 29%, the elevation of PH levels by up to 2.81%, and decrease of NH3 levels by up to 16.33% when compared to untreated peat water fish ponds and peat water fish ponds utilizing the traditional mechanism of water hyacinth.

This study employs regression analysis to investigate the relationships between carbon dioxide levels, sunspot occurrences, and global temperatures, encompassing both land and sea. By uncovering these connections, the study contributes to our understanding of climate change and solar phenomena interactions. The primary objective is to reveal the intricate associations between these elements, potentially influencing climate change and solar activity. The study's outcomes have significant implications for climate change research and solar activity monitoring. The positive correlation between carbon dioxide concentration and ocean temperatures emphasizes the impact of atmospheric carbon dioxide on sea temperature fluctuations. Conversely, the inverse correlation between sunspot numbers and land/global temperatures suggests solar activity's potential role in shaping Earth's temperature oscillations. This research introduces novelty by concurrently investigating the interconnectedness of these factors. The study establishes substantial connections between carbon dioxide concentration, sunspot numbers, and global temperatures. While the models shed light on some variability, the complexity of climate change and solar activity calls for further exploration of additional factors. This underscores the need to consider multiple variables for a comprehensive understanding. Further research is recommended to enhance the precision of these models.

Arif Budiman,1,* Agus Rusdin,2,* Laila Subra,3 Diah Lia Aulifa2,* 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Pharmacy, faculty of Bioeconomic, Food and Health Sciences, Universiti Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Diah Lia Aulifa, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km. 21, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Email diah.lia@unpad.ac.idAbstract: In 2020, there were 2.21 million new instances of lung cancer, making it the top cause of mortality globally, responsible for close to 10 million deaths. The physicochemical problems of chemotherapy drugs are the primary challenge that now causes a drug’s low effectiveness. Solubility is a physicochemical factor that has a significant impact on a drug’s biopharmaceutical properties, starting with the rate at which it dissolves and extending through how well it is absorbed and bioavailable. One of the most well-known methods for addressing a drug’s solubility is mesoporous silica, which has undergone excellent development due to the conjugation of polymers and ligands that increase its effectiveness. However, there are still very few papers addressing the success of this discovery, particularly those addressing its molecular pharmaceutics and mechanism. Our study’s objectives were to explore and summarize the effects of targeting mediator on drug development using mesoporous silica with and without functionalized polymer. We specifically focused on highlighting the molecular pharmaceutics and mechanism in this study’s innovative findings. Journals from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases that were released during the last ten years were used to compile this review. According to inclusion and exclusion standards adjusted. This improved approach produced very impressive results, a very significant change in the characteristics of mesoporous silica that can affect effectiveness. Mesoporous silica approaches have the capacity to greatly enhance a drug’s physicochemical issues, boost therapeutic efficacy, and acquire superb features.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: mesoporous silica, polymer, ligand, lung cancer

Memory productivity in the brain can work in Quran memorization activities through hypnotherapy. It can increase the function of neurotransmitters and manage the hippocampus, which works in memory storage. This study aims to examine hypnotherapy as one of the methods of memorizing the Qur’an. The research subjects were selected through the hypnotherapy stage, where a suggestibility test was conducted. The total number of students in Rumah Tahfidz Al-Muhajirin is 22 students. In the results of the suggestibility test, there are nine children with high trance conditions and 13 students with lower trance conditions. The research subjects were nine students with high trance states. The research subjects are female students with an age range from 9 to 13 years. This research is quantitative with an experimental method and a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The data source was obtained directly from the research subject, using data collection through the interview method and data collection tools in the form of Al-Qur’an memorization intensity instruments. Data analysis uses percentage techniques based on the Wilcoxon signed ranks test method with descriptive analysis results. The results of this study based on the pre-test score of 72% and the post-test score of 90% showed an increase of 18%. This research offers an influence in improving the memorization of Al-Quran with the hypnotherapy method. This result implies that hypnotherapy is not only a technique that can be used in healing or therapy but can also improve the memorization of the Quran.

This research aims to develop a mathematical method for expressing the Laplace operator in cylindrical coordinates and applying it to solve heat conduction equations in various scenarios. The method commences by transforming Cartesian coordinates into cylindrical coordinates and identifying the necessary substitutions. The result is the expression of the Laplace operator in cylindrical coordinates, which is subsequently employed to address heat conduction equations within cylindrical coordinates. Various cases encompassing different initial and boundary conditions, as well as variations in the conduction coefficient over time, are meticulously considered. In each instance, precise mathematical solutions are determined and subjected to thorough analysis. This study carries substantial implications for comprehending heat transfer within cylindrical coordinate systems and finds relevance in a wide array of scientific and engineering contexts. The research's findings can be harnessed for technology development, heating system design, and heat transfer modeling across diverse applications, including mechanical engineering and materials science. Therefore, the research's contribution holds paramount significance in advancing our understanding of heat transfer within cylindrical coordinates and in devising more efficient and accurate solutions for an array of heat-related issues within the realms of science and engineering.

In the context of Southeast Asia, Muslim-majority nations Indonesia and Malaysia had pioneered the development of halal tourism. Nevertheless, Malaysia has outperformed Indonesia in cultivating its halal tourism industry. The research sought to investigate the political economy factors contributing to this discrepancy. The research posited that the emergence of Islamic identity, the intensification of Islam’s politicization, and the varying degrees of capitalizing on Islamic values are three crucial determinants influencing the relative success of Malaysia’s halal tourism industry compared to Indonesia’s. Firstly, the perception of Islamic identity in Malaysia is less threatening compared to that in Indonesia. Secondly, the politicization of Islam is less pronounced in Malaysia than in Indonesia. To examine these assertions, the research utilized a methodological blend of primary and secondary data, incorporating interviews with policymakers and stakeholders of halal tourism in both countries. In addition to identifying the critical factors shaping the development of halal tourism, the research contributed by offering several recommendations concerning the innovative aspect of halal tourism branding. It was argued that within the growth of halal tourism in a nation, debates surrounding the emergence of Islamic identity in aspects of halal tourism can potentially obstruct the advancement of cultural tourism commodities. Consequently, the research enhances our understanding of the complex interplay between political economy factors and the evolution of halal tourism from an academic perspective.

Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk melestarikan kain tenun Timor di bidang teknologi informasi, kususnya bidang pengolahan citra digital, yaitu pengenalan pola yang merupakan solusi untuk mengenali citra tenun secara otomatis. Dalam penelitian ini, klasifikasi citra tenun Timor mengaplikasikan metode SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature) sebagai ekstraksi fitur dengan representasi BoVW (Bag of Visual Words) sedangkan SVM (Support Vector Machine) digunakan sebagai metode classifier. Agar kinerja BoVW lebih baik, digunakan pendekatan untuk menentukan jumlah cluster yang tepat untuk mengelompokkan pola visual words. Penentuan parameter algoritma klasifikasi SVM dilakukan adalah kernel dan metode multi class SVM yang digunakan. Data citra tenun Timor digunakan sebanyak 420 dengan 7 kelas motif citra akan dibagi menjadi data latih dan data uji menggunakan 5-fold cross validation. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan yang dilakukan, diperoleh hasil yang berbeda pada pengujian nilai cluster dan parameter SVM yang digunakan. Pada visual words dengan nilai cluster 500 dengan algoritma klasifikasi multi class SVM yaitu metode OVO (One Versus All) menggunakan kernel linear memperoleh hasil terbaik pada penelitian ini dengan tigkat Accuracy mencapai 98,10%. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan metode untuk klasifikasi citra motif tenun Timor yang lebih akurat. Abstract This research was conducted as an effort to preserve Timor woven fabrics in the field of information technology, especially in the field of digital image processing, namely pattern recognition which is a solution to recognize weaving images automatically. In this study, the classification of Timorese woven images applies the SURF (Speeded Up Robust Feature) method as feature extraction with BoVW (Bag of Visual Words) representation while SVM (Support Vector Machine) is used as a classifier method. For better BoVW performance, an approach is used to determine the right number of clusters to group visual words patterns. Parameters for the SVM classification algorithm are determined using the kernel and the SVM multi-class method used. 420 Timorese weaving image data are used with 7 classes of image motifs which will be divided into training data and test data using 5-fold cross validation. Based on the results of the experiments conducted, different results were obtained in testing the cluster values and SVM parameters used. In visual words with a cluster value of 500 with the SVM multi-class classification algorithm, namely the OVO (One Versus All) method using a linear kernel, the best results were obtained in this study with an accuracy level of 98.10%. From the results of this study, a more accurate method for classifying images of Timorese woven motifs was obtained.%.

Marine debris is a serious global environmental problem that affects the sustainability of marine ecosystems and human health. This research aims to analyze the threats posed by marine debris, such as its impact on marine life, ecosystems, and economies, as well as discuss Indonesia's policies in addressing the issue. The study aims to analyze the threats of marine debris to marine life, ecosystems, and economies, and identify the main sources of plastic waste in the ocean. This research utilizes secondary data analysis and literature review as research methods. The results show that marine debris has significant impacts on marine organisms and economic sectors. Indonesia's policies include improved waste management and increased public awareness. This research provides insights and recommendations for maintaining the sustainability of Indonesia's marine environment. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of comprehensive policies and coordinated actions in addressing the issue of marine debris. Prevention efforts, proper waste management, and public awareness of the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of the ocean are key factors in reducing the negative impacts of marine debris. This research is expected to provide insights and recommendations for the government and other stakeholders in their efforts to preserve the sustainability of Indonesia's marine environment.

The intensification of human pressures on soil can reduce pedodiversity and decrease soil multifunctionality impacting soil security. Mapping genosoils (least modified soils within a soil class or soil map unit by contemporary drivers of soil change) and phenosoils (variants resulting from land use history and management) can be a preliminary step for quantifying soil security dimensions and prioritising areas for soil preservation and regeneration. Genosoil properties can be used as a baseline for assessing the effects of management on soil condition for a particular pedological, climatic and landscape context. In this study, we stratified Australia into 1370 pedogenons (i.e., groups with relatively homogeneous environmental covariates, proxies of soil-forming factors) that represent soil classes prior to the European settlement from 1788 onwards. We overlayed the maps of global Human Modification and the Habitat Condition Assessment System for Australia for identifying areas with minimum human influence on terrestrial ecosystems and soils. Areas with very low human influence were defined as genosoils at the continental level. The percentage of land mapped as genosoils accounted for 56% of the continent and had a median area of 2550 km2. There were 32 pedogenon classes that did not have any remaining genosoils while 218 pedogenon classes had less than 5% of their area as genosoils. The proportion of genosoils protected in conservation areas or managed resource protection varied widely, although almost 25% of the genosoils had at least half of their area under conservation. In addition to soil multifunctionality, the criteria for prioritising soil conservation areas could consider: 1) endangered genosoils and 2) genosoils closest (in the scorpan feature space) to the phenosoils without an existing reference soil.