Search

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk memberi edukasi berupa penyuluhan dan pelatihan membuat alat sederhana untuk mendeteksi kandungan boraks pada makanan sehingga dapat membantu masyarakat dalam memilih bahan pangan yang aman dan sehat. Sasaran kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat adalah ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Kecamatan Lontar KotaSurabaya. Berdasarkan penelusuran awal, target sasaran pengabdian masyarakat belum mengenali ciri-ciri bahan pangan yang mengandung boraks, bahayanya bagi kesehatan dan cara mendeteksi adanya boraks. Metode Pengabdian Masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdian Masyarakat Akademi Farmasi Surabaya meliputi metode sosialisasi pengenalan boraks, bahaya boraks terhadap kesehatan dan ciri-ciri makanan yang mengandung boraks; tanya jawab (diskusi) dan uji bahan makanan menggunakan kunyit dengan media tusuk gigi dan kertas saring. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan adanya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bahan tambahan pangan boraks dan bahayanya dalam makanan menjadi meningkat. Masyarakat juga menjadi termotivasi untuk mengenali keamanan bahan pangan yang dikonsumsi dengan membuat alat sederhana pendeteksi boraks menggunakan kunyit.Â

Penyalahgunaan bahan tambahan pangan (BTP) yang masih sering terjadi adalah boraks. Boraks biasanya digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekenyalan, kerenyahan dan memberikan tekstur padat pada makanan seperti kerupuk. Boraks dilarang penggunaannya dalam kerupuk karena dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit seperti gangguan saraf pusat, kerusakan pada hati dan sistem kardiovaskular. Studi penelitian dan media massa pada beberapa pasar tradisional di Indonesia telah membuktikan dan memverifikasi adanya boraks pada kerupuk. Oleh sebab itu, peneliti ingin melakukan penelitian keberadaan boraks pada kerupuk di Pasar Blauran Kota Salatiga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara kuantitatif status boraks dan persentase kadar boraks dalam kerupuk yang dijual di Pasar Blauran Kota Salatiga tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Sampel tersebut adalah kerupuk terung putih merk X dan Y dan kerupuk gendar merk X dan Y. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu perendaman 10 menit dan 30 menit. Setiap perlakuan per sampel dilakukan ulangan sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 24 unit sampel perlakuan. Hasil analisis sampel menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS menunjukkan bahwa keempat merk sampel kerupuk terdapat kandungan boraks dalam batas tidak aman. Kandungan boraks tertinggi yaitu pada kerupuk terung putih X perendaman 30 menit (731,974 ppm) dan terendah pada kerupuk terung putih Y perendaman 10 menit (118,055 ppm). Frequent abuse of additional food (BTP) is borax. The borax is usually used to increase plasticity, diffusion and give solid texture to foods such as crackers. The borax is prohibited from its use in crackers because it can cause a variety of diseases such as central neurological disorders, damage to the liver and the cardiovascular system. Research studies and mass media studies at several traditional markets in Indonesia have proven and verified the presence of boraks in crackers. Hence, researchers want to do research on the existence of boraks in crackers in Salatiga City markets. The purpose of this study was to know quantitatively the status of boraks and the percentage of boraks in crackers sold in Salatiga City market in 2023. This kind of research is a quantitative descriptive study. Sample was taken using a sampling method. Those samples are white egg crackers X and Y and white crackers X and Y, a treatment given in 10 minutes and 30 minutes. Each sample treatment was performed three times over so that 24 units of samples were obtained. Analysis of the sample using uv-vis spectrophotometer indicates that the four mark of the crackers sample contains a borax content within the limit. The highest known borax content is in 30 minutes of white egg crackers X (731.974 ppm) and the lowest on white egg crackers Y soaking 10 minutes (118,055 ppm).

Boraks merupakan salah satu bahan kimia berbahaya yang tidak diperbolehkan untuk digunakan dalam makanan. Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP) yang berbahaya jika dikonsumsi akan memberikan dampak yang buruk bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi kandungan boraks pada jajanan bakso daging sapi di Kecamatan Baolan, Kabupaten Tolitoli. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif berupa uji deteksi kandungan boraks menggunakan tepung kunyit dan uji daya tahan penyimpanan bakso sebagai uji konfirmasi penegasan deteksi kandungan boraks. Total 13 sampel bakso yang dianalisis, sebanyak 9 sampel bakso diperoleh dari pedagang bakso dengan warung menetap, sedangkan 4 sampel lainnya diperoleh dari pedagang bakso gerobak. Pemeriksaan kualitatif berupa uji deteksi boraks menggunakan tepung kunyit dan tusuk gigi. Pengamatan ciri fisik dilakukan melalui uji daya simpan bakso. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak satu pun bakso yang terdeteksi mengandung boraks dari jajanan bakso daging sapi yang diambil dari pedagang bakso di Kecamatan Baolan, Kabupaten Tolitoli.

Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in terms of malignancy and second in cancer-related deaths, accounting for approximately 10% of cancer-related deaths. Ferroptosis is a potential iron-induced cell death pathway that could increase the anti-cancer efficacy of therapeutics in preventing drug resistance in the treatment of many cancers, including CRC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of borax via ferroptosis signaling pathway in CRC cells.Material and Methods: Firstly, we determined the cytotoxic concentrations of borax (range 0 to 64 mM) with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Subsequently, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined in HCT-116 cells incubated with cytotoxic borax concentrations for 24 hours.Results: Borax at 1 and 4 mM concentrations did not affect cell viability, while borax at 8 mM and above concentrations significantly reduced viability in HTC-116 cells (p, Amaç: Kolorektal kanser (CRC), kansere bağlı ölümlerin yaklaşık %10'unu oluşturmasıyla, malignite yönünden üçüncü ve kansere bağlı ölümlerde ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Ferroptoz, CRC dahil çok sayıda kanserin tedavisinde ilaç direncini önlemede terapötiklerin anti-kanser etkinliğini arttırabilecek potansiyel demire bağlı hücre ölüm yolağıdır. Bu çalışmada CRC hücrelerinde ferroptozu sinyal yolağı üzerinden boraksın anti-proliferatif etkilerini araştırmak amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Öncelikle, boraksın sitotoksik konsantrasyonları (0-64 mM aralığında) 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difenil tetrazolyum bromür (MTT) testi ile belirlendi. Daha sonra sitotoksik boraks konsantrasyonları ile 24 saat inkübe edilen HCT-116 hücrelerinde glutatyon peroksidaz 4 (GPx4), açil-KoA sentetaz uzun zincirli aile üyesi 4 (ACSL4), malondialdehit (MDA) ve 8-hidroksideoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) seviyeleri belirlendi.Bulgular: 1 ve 4 mM boraks konsantrasyonları hücre canlılığını etkilemezken, 8 mM ve üzerindeki boraks konsantrasyonları HTC-116 hücrelerinde canlılığı anlamlı şekilde düşürmüştür (p

U ovom radu ispitivano je kako brzina hlađenja matične otopine utječe na rast kristala dinatrijevog tetraborat dekahidrata (boraksa) tijekom sonokristalizacije. Ispitivanja su se provodila u šaržnom kristalizatoru laboratorijskog mjerila s pregradama i radijalnim turbinskim miješalom čija je brzina vrtnje bila jednaka potrebnoj za postizanje stanja potpune suspenzije kristala (N JS = 324 o min -1 ). Ultrazvučno djelovanje na otopinu provodilo se pomoću homogenizatora, frekvencije 24 kHz i snage 400 W, kontinuirano pri 20 % amplitudi. Kristalizacija se provodila iz matične otopine zasićene pri 30 °C hlađenjem do temperature od 10 °C pri brzinama od 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . Kako bi se dobio uvid u utjecaj ultrazvuka na navedeni proces također se provodila i kristalizacija bez njegovog djelovanja pri istovjetnim procesnim uvjetima (N JS = 324 o min -1 , T z = 30 °C) i brzini hlađenja od 6 °C h -1 . Tijekom eksperimenta, nakon nuleacije, provodila se analiza kristala u matičnoj otopini metodom laserske difrakcije te se istodobno određivala i koncentracija matične otopine refraktometrijskom metodom. Iz rezultata provedenih analiza sagledane su promjene raspodjele veličina kristala, srednjeg volumnog promjera kristala i njegove standardne devijacije te specifične površine kristala tijekom procesnog vremena pri svim ispitivanim uvjetima. Produkti kristalizacije pri navedenim procesnim uvjetima su također podvrgnuti granulometrijskoj analizi prosijavanjem te je analiziran i njihov oblik. Za sve ispitivane uvjete određen je i utrošak snage privedene sustavu tijekom miješanja i ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Iz rezultata je uočeno da se u procesu sonokristalizacije bez obzira na brzinu hlađenja matične otopine svojstva kristala ne mijenjaju bitno s obzirom na raspodjelu veličina i njihovu srednju veličinu. Najveći utjecaj brzine hlađenja odrazio se na promjenu specifične površine kristala koja je pak posljedica sekundarne nukleacije u sustavu. S druge strane, kad se usporede rezultati provedenih analiza u sustavima sa ultrazvukom sa sustavom bez ultrazvuka može se zaključiti da utjecaj ultrazvučnog djelovanja na svojstva kristala značajno nadmašuje utjecaj brzine hlađenja. In this work, the influence of the cooling rate of the mother liquor on the growth of crystals of disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) during sonocrystallization was studied. The test was carried out in a batch laboratory crystallizer equipped with a radial turbine with four blades whose rotation speed was equal to that required to achieve a state of complete crystal suspension (N JS = 324 rpm). Ultrasonic irradiation of the solution was carried out with a homogenizer with a frequency of 24 kHz and a power of 400 W, continuously at 20% of the amplitude. Crystallization was carried out from a mother liquor saturated at 30 °C by cooling to a temperature of 10 °C at rates of 4, 6, 8, 10 °C h -1 . In order to gain insight into the influence of ultrasound on the process, crystallization was performed without ultrasound, under the same process conditions (N JS = 324 rpm, Tz = 30 °C) at a cooling rate of 6 °C h -1 . During the experiment, after nucleation, crystals in the mother liquor were analyzed by laser diffraction method and at the same time, concentration of the mother liquor was determined using the refractometric method. Changes were observed in crystal size distribution, mean volume diameter of the crystals and its standard deviation, as well as the specific surface area of the crystals during process time. The obtained products were subjected to sieve analysis, and the shape of the crystals was also analyzed. For all investigated process conditions, the power supplied to the systems by mixing and ultrasonic radiation was determined. From the results, it was observed that during the sonocrystallization process, regardless of the cooling rate of the mother liquor, the properties of the crystals do not change significantly with regard to the size distribution and their average size. The greatest influence of the cooling rate was reflected on the change in the crystal specific surface area, which is a consequence of secondary nucleation in the systems. On the other hand, comparing the results obtained in systems with and without ultrasound, it can be concluded that the influence of ultrasound on crystal properties significantly exceeds the influence of the cooling rate.

Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj veličine miješala u kristalizatoru sa i bez ultrazvučnog djelovanja na rast kristala boraksa tijekom šaržne kristalizacije pri kritičnoj brzini vrtnje miješala (N = N JS ). Kristalizacija se provodila u kristalizatoru laboratorijskog mjerila, hlađenjem matične otopine zasićene pri 30 °C do temperature od 15 °C, brzinom od 6 °C h -1 . U radu je korišteno radijalno turbinsko miješalo s četiri ravne lopatice (tzv. SBT miješalo), a kako bi se sagledao utjecaj njegove veličine na granulometrijske karakteristike kristala ispitivanja su se provodila pri tri različita promjera miješala, pri čemu su omjeri promjera miješala i promjera kristalizatora, D/d T , iznosili 0,43, 0,53 te 0,63. Istovjetna ispitivanja su provedena u kristalizatoru s djelovanjem ultrazvuka amplitude snage od 20 % kao i u kristalizatoru bez ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Tijekom provedbe eksperimenata provodila se granulometrijska analiza rastućih kristala metodom laserske difrakcije te je sagledan utjecaj promjera SBT miješala na vremensku promjenu funkcije gustoće raspodjele kristala u sustavu sa i bez djelovanja ultrazvuka kao i na promjenu srednjeg volumnog promjera kristala te koeficijenta varijacije. Kako bi se dobio uvid o utjecaju hidrodinamičkih uvjeta u kristalizatoru na karakteristike rastućih kristala te detektirala pojava aglomeracije kristala i sekundarne nukleacije sagledavane su fotografije kristala analiziranih optičkim mikroskopom kao i njihova specifična površina. Granulometrijskom analizom konačnog produkta utvrđeno je da se s povećanjem miješala srednja veličina kristala u oba sustava povećava. U sustavima bez ultrazvuka također se povećava udio finijih i grubljih kristala u produktu uslijed povećane sekundarne nukleacije i aglomeracije. U sustavma s ultrazvukom aglomeracija je izbjegnuta, a kristali su bili gotovo dvostruko manji, ali pravilniji. Također je određena i snaga privedena uslijed miješanja i ultrazvučnog djelovanja. Utvrđeno je da se ona u oba sustava neznatno povećavala s veličinom miješala, a u sustavu s ultrazvukom je bila gotovo petnaest puta veća. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of impeller size in the crystallizer with and without the ultrasound irradiation on crystal growth of borax during batch crystallization at the critical impeller speed (N = N JS ). Crystallization is carried out in a laboratory scale crystallizer by cooling the mother liquor saturated at 30 °C to a temperature of 15 °C, at the rate of 6 °C h -1 . A radial straight four blade turbine (abbrev. SBT) was used in the work, and the influence of impeller size on the formed crystals properties was examined at impeller to crystallizer diameter ratios, D/d T , of 0.43, 0.53 and 0.63, respectively. The same examinations were conducted in a crystallizer with an ultrasound irradiation at amplitude of 20 %, as in a silent crystallizer as well. During the experiments, a granulometric analysis of the growing crystals was performed by the laser diffraction method, and influence of the SBT impeller diameter on the changes of volume density crystal size distribution over process time was analysed in the system with and without ultrasound. The changes of the volume mean crystal diameter and its coefficient of variation over process time were also determined. In order to gain insight into the influence of hydrodynamic conditions in the crystallizer on the growing crystals habit and to detect the appearance of crystal agglomeration and secondary nucleation, photographs of crystals analysed with an optical microscope as well as their specific surface area were analysed respectively. The granulometric analysis of the final product revealed that the average crystal size in both systems increased with an increase in impeller size. In the silent systems, the proportion of finer and coarser crystals in the product also increased due to increased secondary nucleation and agglomeration. In the irradiated systems agglomeration was avoided, while the crystals were more than twice as smaller, but of a more regular shape. The power consumption due to stirring and ultrasound irradiation was also determined. In in both systems it slightly increased with impeller size, but in the system with ultrasound it was almost fifteen times higher.

Bu çalışma Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi deneme alanında 2018-2019 yetiştirme sezonunda iki faktörlü tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde üç tekerrürlü olarak ekmeklik buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) çeşitlerinde farklı bor dozu uygulamalarının verim ve verim komponentleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada Golia ve Pehlivan çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. B gübrelemesi için bor kaynağı olarak boraks (Na2B4O7.10H2O) kullanılmış ve B düzeyleri için gerekli boraks (Na2B4O7.10H2O) miktarları (0, 0,15, 0,3, 0,45 ve 0,6 kg B da-1) arazide deneme planına uygun olarak parsellere toprak yüzeyine sıvı olarak püskürtülerek dağıtılmıştır. Çalışmada; bitki boyu, başak uzunluğu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, tane verimi, 1000 tane ağırlığı ve hektolitre ağırlığı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada topraktan uygulanan bor dozlarının araştırmada incelenen başakta tane ağırlığı, 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve tane verimi özelliklerine etkisinin önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, en yüksek tane verimi 531,95 kg da ile 0,3 kg B da-1 uygulanmasından elde edilirken, bunu 531,35 kgda-1 ile 0,15 kg B da-1 ve 527,43 kgda-1 ile 0,45 kg B da-1 dozu izlemiştir. Tane verimi özelliği bakımından Çeşit x Bor dozu interaksiyonları incelendiğinde; Golia çeşidinde en yüksek tane veriminin 550,43 kg da-1 ile 0,15 kg B da-1 dozundan elde edildiği, en düşük değerin ise 454,43 kg da-1 ile kontrol uygulanmasından elde edildiği saptanmıştır. Pehlivan çeşidinde ise en yüksek ve düşük değerler sırasıyla 578,43 kg da-1 ile 0,3 kg B da-1 dozundan ve 512,26 kg da-1 ile 0,15 kg B da-1 dozundan elde edilmiştir. This study was carried out in Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Application and Research Center’s experimental area in the 2018-2019 growing season in two-factor random blocks experimental design with three replications to determine the effects of different boron dose applications on yield and yield components of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. In the study; plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, grain yield, 1000 grain weight and hectoliter weight properties were investigated. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that the effects of boron doses applied from the soil were significant. on the grain weight/ pers pike, 1000 grain weight, hectoliter weight and grain yield characteristics . In the study, when the grain yield values were examined in terms of applied B doses, the highest grain yield was obtained from the application of 0.3 kg B da-1 by 531.95 kg da-1, while it was followed by 0.15 kg B da-1 with 531.35 kg da-1 and 0.45 kg B da-1 with 527.43 kg da-1. When the grain yield values in terms of cultivar x B dose interaction were examined, the highest grain yield in Golia cultivar was 550.43 kg da-1 at 0.15 kg B da-1 dose, while the lowest value was determined in control application with 454.43 kg da. In Pehlivan cultivar. The highest and lowest values were obtained from 578.43 kg da-1 at 0.3 kg B da-1 and 512.26 kg da-1 at 0.15 kg B da-1 dose, respectively.