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Resumen El bullying es un fenómeno social contemporáneo que impacta en múltiples estructuras y contextos sociales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo establecer la asociación entre funciones ejecutivas (FE), cognición social en adolescentes y el bullying. Estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 109 sujetos seleccionados mediante un muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó una regresión logística multinomial, encontrando que la cognición social es un factor protector (OR: .17 IC 95% .05-.59) (OR: .27 IC 95% .08- .85) en el grupo de los agresores respecto a los controles; así como en el grupo de víctimas respecto a los controles (OR: .15 IC 95% .05 - .42) (OR: .30 IC 95% (.11- .82). De esta manera, una adecuada cognición social se asocia como un factor protector ante el bullying y el presentar déficits en las FE se asocia a un incremento del riesgo de tres veces de padecerlo. Abstract Bullying is a contemporary social phenomenon that impacts multiple social structures and contexts. This study aimed to establish the association between executive functions (EF) and social cognition in adolescents. A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 109 subjects was selected by convenience sampling. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, finding that social cognition is a protective factor (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) in the group of aggressors to controls; in addition, the group of victims to controls (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Thus, adequate social cognition is associated as a protective factor against bullying, and presenting deficits in EF is associated with a threefold increased risk of bullying. Resumo O bullying é um fenómeno social contemporâneo que tem impacto em múltiplas estruturas e contextos sociais. Este estudo visava estabelecer a associação entre as funções executivas (EF) e a cognição social nos adolescentes. Estudo descritivo de corte transversal com uma amostra de 109 sujeitos seleccionados por amostragem de conveniência. Foi realizada uma regressão logística multinomial, constatando que a cognição social é um factor de protecção (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) no grupo de agressores em relação aos controlos; bem como no grupo de vítimas em relação aos controlos (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Assim, a cognição social adequada está associada como um factor de protecção contra o bullying e ter défices na EF está associada a um risco triplicado de bullying. Résumé Le harcèlement est un phénomène social contemporain qui a un impact sur de multiples structures et contextes sociaux. Cette étude visait à établir l’association entre les fonctions exécutives (FE) et la cognition sociale chez les adolescents. Étude descriptive transversale avec un échantillon de 109 sujets sélectionnés par échantillonnage de convenance. Une régression logistique multinomiale a été réalisée et a permis de constater que la cognition sociale est un facteur de protection (OR: 0.17 IC 95% 0.05-0.59) (OR: 0.27 IC 95% 0.08- 0.85) dans le groupe des auteurs par rapport aux témoins ; ainsi que dans le groupe des victimes par rapport aux témoins (OR: 0.15 IC 95% 0.05 - 0.42) (OR: 0.30 IC 95% (0.11- 0.82). Ainsi, une cognition sociale adéquate est associée à un facteur de protection contre les brimades et des déficits en FE sont associés à un risque trois fois plus élevé de brimades.

Background: In this narrative review, we address the COVID-19 pandemic mis–dis information crisis in which healthcare systems have been pushed to their limits, with collapses occurring worldwide. The context of uncertainty has resulted in skepticism, confusion, and general malaise among the population. Informing the public has been one of the major challenges during this pandemic. Misinformation is defined as false information shared by people who have no intention of misleading others. Disinformation is defined as false information deliberately created and disseminated with malicious intentions. Objective: To reach a consensus and critical review about mis–dis information in COVID-19 crisis. Methods: A database search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase and CinAhl. Databases used the MeSH-compliant keywords of COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2, misinformation, disinformation, information, vaccines, vaccination, origin, target, spread, communication. Results: Both misinformation and disinformation can affect the population’s confidence in vaccines (development, safety, and efficacy of vaccines, as well as denial of the severity of SARS-CoV infection). Institutions should take into account that a great part of the success of the intervention to combat a pandemic has a relationship with the power to stop the misinformation and disinformation processes. The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced by the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working or not working in the health care systems to boost the power of the message. Conclusions: The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and clearly centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced from the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working and not working in the health care systems to boost the power of a message based on scientific evidence. Sitio web de la revista (Consulta: 07-10-2022)