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Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension are considered serious public health problems. Several studies have shown that oxidative stress is usually related to the onset of DM and hypertension and their complications. Moreover, levels of some minerals are closely related to the pathophysiology of these diseases. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the biochemical markers, minerals and redox profile levels in the serum of patients with type 2 DM and hypertension, as well as to test the effect of metformin on the viability and redox profile of cells. Patients with type 2 DM and hypertension + type 2 DM had higher levels of fasting glucose and triglycerides. There were no statistically significant differences for mineral levels. The MPO activity was reduced in the DM type 2 and Hypertension + DM type 2 groups and in cells. On the other hand, PSH and vitamin C levels were increased. The metformin has a protective effect in patients with DM type 2 against oxidative stress by reducing MPO activity and improving PSH and vitamin C antioxidant defenders. Further studies are needed to assess the biochemical mechanisms of metformin and how it can be used in a pharmacological therapeutic perspective against oxidative damage.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of red variety of

Head and neck cancer (HNC) comprises a spectrum of neoplasms that affect the upper aerodigestive tract and are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. Individuals with HNC exhibit various symptoms and metabolic changes, including immune alterations and alterations of the purinergic pathway, which may signal worse outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to measure the activity of purinergic ectoenzymes and interleukins in patients with HNC, oral cavity cancer, and larynx cancer.We recruited 32 patients and 33 healthy control subjects and performed the laboratory analyses. We identified dysregulation in the purinergic signaling pathway characterized by an increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) hydrolysis and a decrease in the deamination of adenosine to inosine in these cancers (p 0.05). These alterations were likely caused by increased activity of the ectoenzymes E-NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase and reduced adenosine deaminase activity. This dysregulation was associated with immune alterations, increased levels of IL-10, and decreased myeloperoxidase activity (p 0.05), suggesting immunosuppression in these patients and suggesting possible accumulation of adenosine in the extracellular environment.Adenosine is a potent immunosuppressive molecule associated with tumor progression and immune evasion. Our findings suggest a relationship between extracellular purines and the development and progression of the tumor microenvironment and poor outcomes. These findings increase the understanding of biological mechanisms related to HNC and demonstrate that these components are potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for future management strategies and improvement in the quality of life.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, cytotoxic potential, antitumoral activity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity of extracts of seed and pulp of Eugenia uniflora L. fruits were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex and the phenolic compounds were quantified. The cytotoxic potential and antitumoral activity were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and melanoma-type tumor cells, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity was determined. For all extracts, the compounds identified and quantified were salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and, myricitrin. For extract of pulp, ellagic and p-coumaric acids were also identified and quantified. The extracts do not show cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Extract of seed was able to decrease cell viability in melanoma-type tumor cells within 24 h of exposure. The concentration 5 µg mL−1 of extracts inhibited 7.73% of α-amylase and 15.34% of α-glucosidase. The Pitanga extracts presents substances with biological activities.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of red variety of Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) were determined, and the individual phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. For the TPC, the amounts varied from 85.91 to 106.33 mg EAG g−1. Eighteen compounds have been identified. The compounds with the highest concentrations were gallic acid, quercetin and protocatechuic acid. Antidiabetic activity was obtained through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. The extract inhibited 17.94% of α-amylase activity and 73.34% of α-glucosidase activity. The antitumoral activity in cells of cutaneous melanoma (SK-MEL-28) and the cytotoxic activity was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cellular migration was determined for cells SK-MEL-28. Antitumoral effects on cells SK-MEL-28 were observed and the absence of cytotoxicity on the PBMCs.