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Your search keyword '"Barczi, Jean‐François"' showing total 10 results
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10 results on '"Barczi, Jean‐François"'

1. Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood

Author

Van Rooij, Arnoul, Badel, Eric, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Almeras, Tancrede, and Gril, Joseph

Subjects
Archaeology, CC1-960, Science
Abstract

This work aims to model the mechanical processes used by tree branches to control their posture despite their increasing weight loading. The two known options for a branch to maintain its orientation are the asymmetry of maturation stress, including reaction wood formation, and eccentric radial growth. Both options can be observed in nature and influence the stress distribution developed in the branch each year. This so-called "growth stress" reflects the mechanical state of the branch. In this work, a growth stress model was developed at the cross-section level in order to quantify and study the biomechanical impact of each process. For illustration, this model was applied to branches of two 50-year-old trees, one softwood Pinus pinaster, and one hardwood Prunus avium (wild cherry tree), both simulated with the AmapSim discrete element software. For the wild cherry tree, the computed outputs highlighted that the eccentricity of radial growth seems to be as efficient as the formation of reaction wood to maintain postural control despite the increasing gravity. For the pine tree, eccentric radial growth appears to be less efficient than the formation of reaction wood. But although it does not necessarily act as a relevant lever for postural control, it greatly modifies the profile pattern of mechanical stress and could provide mechanical safety of the branch. This work opens experimental perspectives to understand the biomechanical processes involved in the formation of branches and their mechanical safety.

Published
2023
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3. Chapitre V - Croissance des Arbres

Author

Monteuuis, Olivier, Rey, Hervé, Atger, Claire, Barczi, Jean-François, Bellifa, Maxime, Bezard, Vincent, Galiana, Antoine, Guerrini, Xavier, De Haldat Du Lys, Alexandre, Heuret, Patrick, Fedelique, Alex, Nicolini, Eric-André, Monteuuis, Olivier, Rey, Hervé, Atger, Claire, Barczi, Jean-François, Bellifa, Maxime, Bezard, Vincent, Galiana, Antoine, Guerrini, Xavier, De Haldat Du Lys, Alexandre, Heuret, Patrick, Fedelique, Alex, and Nicolini, Eric-André

Abstract

Le chapitre V du rapport " ForesTreeCulture 2. Plantations forestières en Guyane française " rapporte les résultats de 3 à 5 années de suivi spatialisé de la survie et du comportement de croissance de 4 essences forestières (2 natives : Bagassa guianensis et Cordia alliodora ; 2 exotiques : Tectona grandis et Heritiera utilis) et d'une essence de service (Inga edulis) plantées sur 3 sites caractérisés par des contextes topographiques et pédoclimatiques différents (pluviométrie, relief, sol).

Published
2023

4. If self-shading is so bad, why is there so much? Short shoots reconcile costs and benefits

Author

De Haldat Du Lys, Alexandre, Millan, Mathilde, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Midgley, Guy F., Charles‐Dominique, Tristan, De Haldat Du Lys, Alexandre, Millan, Mathilde, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Midgley, Guy F., and Charles‐Dominique, Tristan

Abstract

If trees minimize self-shading, new foliage in shaded parts of the crown should remain minimal. However, many species have abundant foliage on short shoots inside their crown. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that short shoots allow trees to densify their foliage in self-shaded parts of the crown thanks to reduced costs. Using 30 woody species in Mediterranean and tropical biomes, we estimated the contribution of short shoots to total plant foliage, calculated their costs relative to long shoots including wood cost and used 3D plant simulations calibrated with field measurements to quantify their light interception, self-shading and yield. In species with short shoots, leaves on short shoots account for the majority of leaf area. The reduced cost of short stems enables the production of leaf area with 36% less biomass. Simulations show that although short shoots are more self-shaded, they benefit the plant because they cost less. Lastly, the morphological properties of short shoots have major implications for whole plant architecture. Taken together, our results question the validity of only assessing leaf costs to understand leaf economics and call for more integrated observations at the crown scale to understand light capture strategies in woody plants.

Published
2023

5. Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: eccentric growth vs. reaction wood

Author

van Rooij, A, Badel, Eric, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Almeras, Tancrede, Gril, Joseph, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bois (BOIS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph], growth stress, biomechanics, tree branches
Abstract

This work aims to model the mechanical processes used by tree branches to control their posture despite their increasing weight loading. The two known options for a branch to maintain its orientation are the asymmetry of maturation stress, including reaction wood formation, and eccentric radial growth. Both options can be observed in nature and influence the stress distribution developed in the branch each year. This so-called "growth stress" reflects the mechanical state of the branch. In this work, a growth stress model was developed at the cross-section level in order to quantify and study the bio-mechanical impact of each process. For illustration, this model was applied to branches of two 50-year-old trees, one softwood Pinus pinaster and one hardwood Prunus avium (wild cherry tree), both simulated with the AmapSim discrete element software. For the wild cherry tree, the computed ouputs highlighted that the eccentricity of radial growth seems to be as efficient as the formation of reaction wood to maintain the postural control despite the increasing gravity. For the pine tree, eccentric radial growth appears to be less efficient than the formation of reaction wood. But although it does not necessarily act as a relevant lever for postural control, it greatly modifies the profile pattern of mechanical stress and could provide mechanical safety of the branch. This work opens experimental perspectives to understand the biomechanical processes involved in the formation of branches and their mechanical safety.

Published
2023

7. Modelling the growth stress in tree branches: impact of different growth strategies

Author

van Rooij, A, Badel, Eric, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Almeras, Tancrede, Gril, Joseph, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bois (BOIS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Published
2022

8. Modelling the growth stress distribution in tree branches: impact of different growth strategies

Author

van Rooij, A, Badel, Eric, Barczi, Jean-François, Caraglio, Yves, Almeras, Tancrede, Gril, Joseph, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bois (BOIS), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil (LMGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.BIOM]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Published
2022

9. Modelling the functional dependency between root and shoot compartments to predict the impact of the environment on the architecture of the whole plant: Methodology for model fitting on simulated data using Deep Learning techniques

Author

Masson, Abel Louis, Caraglio, Yves, Nicolini, Eric-André, Borianne, Philippe, Barczi, Jean-François, Masson, Abel Louis, Caraglio, Yves, Nicolini, Eric-André, Borianne, Philippe, and Barczi, Jean-François

Abstract

Tree structural and biomass growth studies mainly focus on the shoot compartment. Tree roots usually have to be taken apart due to the difficulties involved in measuring and observing this compartment, particularly root growth. In the context of climate change, the study of tree structural plasticity has become crucial and both shoot and root systems need to be considered simultaneously as they play a joint role in adapting traits to climate change (water availability for roots and light or carbon availability for shoots). We developed a botanically accurate whole-plant model and its simulator (RoCoCau) with a linkable external module (TOY) to represent shoot and root compartment dependencies and hence tree structural plasticity in different air and soil environments. This paper describes a new deep neural network calibration trained on simulated data sets computed from a set of more than 360 000 random TOY parameter values and random climate values. These data sets were used for training and for validation. For this purpose, we chose VoxNet, a convolutional neural network designed to classify 3D objects represented as a voxelized scene. We recommend further improvements for VoxNet inputs, outputs and training. We were able to teach the network to predict the value of environment data well (mean error < 2 %), and to predict the value of TOY parameters for plants under water stress conditions (mean error < 5 % for all parameters), and for any environmental growing conditions (mean error < 20 %).

Published
2022

10. If self-shading is so bad, why is there so much? Short shoots reconcile costs and benefits.

Author

de Haldat du Lys A, Millan M, Barczi JF, Caraglio Y, Midgley GF, and Charles-Dominique T

Subjects
Plant Shoots anatomy & histology, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Biomass, Trees anatomy & histology, Plant Leaves anatomy & histology, Ecosystem, Wood
Abstract

If trees minimize self-shading, new foliage in shaded parts of the crown should remain minimal. However, many species have abundant foliage on short shoots inside their crown. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that short shoots allow trees to densify their foliage in self-shaded parts of the crown thanks to reduced costs. Using 30 woody species in Mediterranean and tropical biomes, we estimated the contribution of short shoots to total plant foliage, calculated their costs relative to long shoots including wood cost and used 3D plant simulations calibrated with field measurements to quantify their light interception, self-shading and yield. In species with short shoots, leaves on short shoots account for the majority of leaf area. The reduced cost of short stems enables the production of leaf area with 36% less biomass. Simulations show that although short shoots are more self-shaded, they benefit the plant because they cost less. Lastly, the morphological properties of short shoots have major implications for whole plant architecture. Taken together, our results question the validity of only assessing leaf costs to understand leaf economics and call for more integrated observations at the crown scale to understand light capture strategies in woody plants., (© 2022 The Authors New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.)

Published
2023
Full Text
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