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A review on a medicinal plant belong to family Labiatae has been made in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among the reported flora in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Labiatae family has the highest species. A total of 23 species of Labiatae family has been reported with high medicinal value. A detail review on 12 species of Labiatae family had done to know their phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. In this review we also explore the total chemical constituents present in each plant with a unique list of 3D chemical structures. (E)-2-Hexenal, 1,8-Cineole, Bicyclogermacrene, Borneol, Bornyl acetate, Bulnesol, Caffeic acid, Camphene, Camphor, Eugenol, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Terpinene, Thymol, etc are the important constituent in these 12 species of Labiatae family. This study also shows that Marrubium vulgare L, Ocimum basilicum L, Origanum majorana and Otostegia fruticosa plants had reported with many medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Medicinal constituents include the highest phenolic, flavonoid content and strong aromatic essential oil. Further scientific investigations on these 12 species are needed to explore toxicity and clinical efficacy and as well as to explore the therapeutic effects of major secondary metabolites. The summarized information from the current review may be a useful tool for researchers to carry out further study and explore other scientific aspects of the herbs.

In this study, an efficient microalgal strain SD07 was isolated from pond wastewater and identified as Scenedesmus sp. using the 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The strain SD07 was grown in a variety of concentrations (25-100%) of municipal wastewater. Scenedesmus sp. strain SD07 grown in 75% diluted wastewater produced a higher amount of biomass (1.93 ± 0.10 g L

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is closely related to the BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein) and BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain-1) proteins. The homodimers were formed through their RING fingers; however they form more compact heterodimers preferentially, influencing BRCA1 residues 1-109 and BARD1 residues 26-119. We implemented an integrative computational pipeline to screen all the mutations in BRCA1 and identify the most significant mutations influencing the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. The amino acids involved in the PPI regions were identified from the PDBsum database with the PDB ID: 1JM7. We screened 2118 missense mutations in BRCA1 and none in BARD1 for pathogenicity and stability and analyzed the amino acid sequences for conserved residues. We identified the most significant mutations from these screenings as V11G, M18K, L22S, and T97R positioned in the PPI regions of the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. We further performed protein-protein docking using the ZDOCK server. The native protein-protein complex showed the highest binding score of 2118.613, and the V11G mutant protein complex showed the least binding score of 1992.949. The other three mutation protein complexes had binding scores between the native and V11G protein complexes. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation study using GROMACS was performed to comprehend changes in the BRCA1-BARD1 complex's binding pattern due to the mutation. From the analysis, we observed the highest deviation with lowest compactness and a decrease in the intramolecular h-bonds in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex with the V11G mutation compared to the native complex or the complexes with other mutations.

An increase in the fast blood glucose (FBG) levels has been linked to an increased risk of developing a chronic condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mutation in the G6PC2 gene was identified to have a lead role in the modulation of FBG levels. The abnormal regulation of this enzyme influences glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which controls the insulin levels corresponding to the system's glucose level. This study focuses on the mutations at the G6PC2 gene, which cause the variation from normal expression levels and increase the risk of T2D. We examined the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) present in the G6PC2 and subjected them to pathogenicity, stability, residue conservation, and membrane simulation. The individual representation of surrounding amino acids in the mutant (I63T) model showed the loss of hydrophobic interactions compared to the native G6PC2. In addition, the trajectory results from the membrane simulation exhibited reduced stability, and the least compactness was identified for the I63T mutant model. Our study shed light on the structural and conformational changes at the transmembrane region due to the I63T mutation in G6PC2. Additionally, the Gibbs free energy landscape analysis against the two principal components showed structural differences and decreased the conformational stability of the I63T mutant model compared to the native. Like those presented in this study, dynamical simulations may indeed be crucial to comprehending the structural insights of G6PC2 mutations in cardiovascular-associated mortality and T2D.

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is closely related to the BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein) and BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain-1) proteins. The homodimers were formed through their RING fingers; however they form more compact heterodimers preferentially, influencing BRCA1 residues 1-109 and BARD1 residues 26-119. We implemented an integrative computational pipeline to screen all the mutations in BRCA1 and identify the most significant mutations influencing the Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. The amino acids involved in the PPI regions were identified from the PDBsum database with the PDB ID: 1JM7. We screened 2118 missense mutations in BRCA1 and none in BARD1 for pathogenicity and stability and analyzed the amino acid sequences for conserved residues. We identified the most significant mutations from these screenings as V11G, M18K, L22S, and T97R positioned in the PPI regions of the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex. We further performed protein-protein docking using the ZDOCK server. The native protein-protein complex showed the highest binding score of 2118.613, and the V11G mutant protein complex showed the least binding score of 1992.949. The other three mutation protein complexes had binding scores between the native and V11G protein complexes. Finally, a molecular dynamics simulation study using GROMACS was performed to comprehend changes in the BRCA1-BARD1 complex's binding pattern due to the mutation. From the analysis, we observed the highest deviation with lowest compactness and a decrease in the intramolecular h-bonds in the BRCA1-BARD1 protein complex with the V11G mutation compared to the native complex or the complexes with other mutations. 2022 Elsevier Inc. This work was supported by Qatar University Grant# QUST-2-CHS-2019-3. Scopus

In this study, two proficient Cadmium (Cd) resistant and plant growth-promoting actinobacterial strains were isolated from metal-polluted soils and identified as Streptomyces sp. strain RA04 and Nocardiopsis sp. strain RA07. Multiple abiotic stress tolerances were found in these two actinobacterial strains, including Cd stress (CdS), drought stress (DS) and high-temperature stress (HTS). Both actinobacterial strains exhibited multifarious plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits such as phosphate solubilization, and production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase under CdS, DS and HTS conditions. The inoculation of strains RA04 and RA07 significantly increased Sorghum bicolor growth and photosynthetic pigments under CdS, DS, HTS, CdS + DS and CdS + HTS conditions as compared to their respective uninoculated plants. The actinobacterial inoculants reduced malondialdehyde concentration and enhanced antioxidant enzymes in plants cultivated under various abiotic stress conditions, indicating that actinobacterial inoculants reduced oxidative damage. Furthermore, strains RA04 and RA07 enhanced the accumulation of Cd in plant tissues and the translocation of Cd from root to shoot under CdS, CdS + DS and CdS + HTS treatments as compared to their respective uninoculated plants. These findings suggest that RA04 and RA07 strains could be effective bio-inoculants to accelerate phytoremediation of Cd polluted soil even in DS and HTS conditions.