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Explores the rise of the brand as a medium through which the modern university represents and remakes itself.

This book argues that a resilient region should act reactively and proactively in the face of shocks and disruptions and asserts that the institutionalization of regional cooperation may be the answer to development challenges in times of uncertainty and instability.It considers regional, transregional, and subregional cooperation initiatives for building regional resilience and critically examines a broad spectrum of issues, such as international security and trade, economic development, value chains in production, and social welfare. Adopting the concept of resilience allows for a holistic, dynamic, and systematic approach to the studies on the regional process of institutionalization, responsiveness, and adaptability to challenging circumstances. The economic and social indicators of the countries in the region are examined alongside an analysis of the regional institutional architecture.The reader is acquainted with the essence of resilience concerning each category of challenges and the mechanisms of its achievement and strengthening through regional integration. The interdisciplinary character of the book makes it suitable for usage not only by economists but also by lawyers. As such, the book will be helpful to scholars and students of international economics, international security, and policymakers.

The manufacturing industry is facing massive changes driven by digitalization and sustainability. It is being redefined to meet the UN SDGs with the creation of new materials, processes and machinery. The drive for digitalization in order to use resources more effectively and efficiently adds to the complexity of this twin transition. This book presents results from 8 years of research with 15 industry partners, following the transition towards a digitalized industry 4.0 manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing paradigm.The selected chapters demonstrate how globally competitive manufacturing in high-cost countries such as Norway is enabled by AI-supported intelligent and flexible automation and the use of digital twins, as well as human-centred manufacturing. This book describes the interactions in innovative and sustainable organizations and changes in materials, products and processes, digital twins and AI-supported automated manufacturing processes. Supported by case studies and reflections from the manufacturing industry, this book evaluates how the combination of digitalization and sustainability enables competitiveness. With a focus on multi-material products and processes, robust and flexible automation and innovative and sustainable organizations, it provides a multi-disciplinary insight into the challenges and opportunities faced by manufacturing industries over time.This book serves as an ideal reference for researchers, scholars and policymakers in manufacturing, production and operations, with a particular interest in technology and sustainability.

The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral investor. This report lays out the EU bank’s priorities and details its investments in the projects that support those policy goals. The European Investment Bank devotes more than half its financing to climate action and environmental sustainability. The Bank aims to support the transition to renewable energy sources such as geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power. Despite challenging investment conditions in the European Union, the European Investment Bank supports firms in their transitions to a greener economy and in addressing climate change. The report provides a breakdown of the European Investment Bank’s finance contracts signed within the European Union and beyond it, as well as information on financing and borrowing activities.

As the largest and greenest multilateral lender in the world, the EIB helps economies flourish, creates jobs and promotes equality. Since 1958, the EIB has provided loans and expert advice for thousands of projects in over 160 countries.

The European economy is under pressure. Growth is slowing and competitive challenges are rising, all while EU firms navigate the demands of the green transition. Coordinated support from national governments and EU institutions proved critical after the COVID-19 pandemic, helping Europe to bolster its resilience to future shocks and spurring the investment needed to transform and modernise the economy. As a result, progress was made in digitalisation, energy efficiency, decarbonisation and reinforcing supply chains.The pace of change needs to accelerate, however, even as investment becomes harder to sustain. To remain competitive, the European Union and its members need to improve productivity, encourage innovation, address skill gaps, develop new technologies and supporting young, dynamic firms. The report, which is based on the EIB Group’s annual Investment Survey, provides insights on how EU firms are dealing with these pressures, and whether they are taking the necessary steps to transform their businesses.These key findings, provide a short accessible summary of the main report’s messages.

The European economy is under pressure. Growth is slowing and competitive challenges are rising, all while EU firms navigate the demands of the green transition. Coordinated support from national governments and EU institutions proved critical after the COVID-19 pandemic, helping Europe to bolster its resilience to future shocks and spurring the investment needed to transform and modernise the economy. As a result, progress was made in digitalisation, energy efficiency, decarbonisation and reinforcing supply chains.The pace of change needs to accelerate, however, even as investment becomes harder to sustain. To remain competitive, the European Union and its members need to improve productivity, encourage innovation, address skill gaps, develop new technologies and supporting young, dynamic firms. The report, which is based on the EIB Group’s annual Investment Survey, provides insights on how EU firms are dealing with these pressures, and whether they are taking the necessary steps to transform their businesses.The report’s Key Findings are available here.Contents Part I Sustaining investment in challenging times 1. The macroeconomic environment 2. Government investment 3. Corporate investment Part II Accelerating transformation for competitiveness 4. Innovation in the global context 5. Investing in green transformation Data annex Glossary of terms and acronyms

A blueprint presents drawings, dimensions and notes. This report draws vivid pictures of the beneficiaries of European Investment Bank projects in 2023. It includes data on the dimensions of our massive overall investment and the importance of our loans to each of our beneficiaries during the year. It notes the EU policies and expertise that lead us to make each of our investments.

The book is primarily addressed to cultural managers, employees of cultural institutions, cultural animators, impresarios, and independent artists who independently disseminate their work, especially in the Polish-Czech cross-border market for cultural services. Potential audiences also include students, doctoral students, and academics working in the management of cultural institutions, cross-border cooperation, or international relations. The work may also be of use to city and regional leaders in the Polish-Czech borderland, for whom cooperation ‘across borders’ in the field of culture represents a potential opportunity for the development of the cultural offer, urban or regional infrastructure, and better promotion of the cross-border area.``Central European territories have been historically exposed to innumerable social, economic, political, and cultural influences. Moreover, these territories have been crisscrossed by dozens of national, administrative, and cultural boundaries. This book, which deals primarily with cultural aspects of the Polish-Czech borderland naturally, reflects these facts. Moreover, it investigates the cross-border market for cultural services that represents a modern but not adequately researched theme. There is no doubt about the theoretical and practical importance of this book, which will definitely attract many readers.''Professor Jan Sucháček -- Mendel University in Brno (The Czech Republic)``The book guides the reader through the interdisciplinarity and complexity of shaping long-term relationships of cultural operators with Polish and Czech recipients of the cultural offer in the Polish-Czech cross-border market. Understanding such relationships is critical for achieving great performance in the whole cross-border market of cultural services, and the book offers the readers well-structured and useful knowledge in this regard. This book is a must-read for all cultural managers and policymakers.''Professor Mateusz Lewandowski -- Jagiellonian University in Kraków (Poland)

This Cypriot EPPO/OLAF volume deals with the link between national law and EU law (EPPO and OLAF Regulations) and enables professionals from the justice sector to understand the national law in comparative perspective and to plan further investigations. It refers to fraud cases, the link between OLAF and AFCOS, and the activities of the new EPPO regional offices.The Cypriot Act for the Implementation of the EPPO and the rules for defence lawyers in EPPO cases involving tax, subsidy, and customs fraud are also discussed. Attorney Dr Marilena Katsogiannou's introductory chapter to the Compendium on Cyprus provides a thorough summary of both Union and Cypriot laws in relation to EU fraud offences. While this volume is written in English, its footnotes reproduce the original national legislation in the local language.

The authors of this monograph were driven to delve into the challenges facing cross-border cooperation amidst crises and disruptions spurred by the adverse impacts witnessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This included challenges to the implementation of cross-border projects, the activities of Euroregions, and the development of partnerships based on INTERREG programs, as well as other issues related to territorial cooperation.The confluence of the pandemic crisis and broader international geopolitical issues, such as illegal migration to the EU and geopolitical tensions like Russian aggression against Ukraine, underscores the imperative to explore new research avenues focused on bolstering the resilience of cross-border cooperation within the EU.With a focus on identifying key factors shaping the management of cross-border projects co-financed by INTERREG programs, as well as factors influencing partner cooperation, this study aims to fortify cross-border cooperation in the face of future crises and disruptions.The monograph offers valuable insights for institutions and organizations operating in border regions, catering specifically to theoreticians and practitioners engaged in cross-border cooperation. By distilling lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic period, it provides a roadmap for integrating resilience into future cross-border activities and endeavours.

Informing Possible Future Worlds is the Festschrift in honour of Ulrich Frank on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The Festschrift includes twenty-three essays written by friends, colleagues, and fellow researchers in recognition of Ulrich Frank’s contributions to Wirtschaftsinformatik research and the scientific community. Each essay is a personal and unique birthday present to Ulrich Frank written exclusively for the Festschrift. From original research contributions to more personal reflections, the essays cover a wide range of topics, themes, and fields.The Festschrift is edited by Stefan Strecker, FernUniversität in Hagen and Jürgen Jung, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences.

Accountability, good government and public trust are intricately linked. Supreme Audit Institutions fulfil an exceptional role in the public domain, checking if governments spend their money properly. They are like 'watchdogs' for citizens and parliaments with the purpose of auditing public expenditure and examining the effectiveness of policies. They aim to strengthen the trustworthiness of government institutions, all the more so in fragile democracies. They do so, for instance, in striving to disclose cases of corruption, not just in the highest echelons of government, but also in everyday petty bribery. And they can be found counting houses, roads and water taps, to see if government's promises are being kept.On the occasion of the retirement of Saskia J. Stuiveling as the president of the Netherlands Court of Audit, eight (former) heads of audit institutions talk candidly about their work and innovations in the area of public auditing, about how the financial crisis affected their profession, about the advent of open data and about the need for new skills to audit the oil industry. Each of them - Faiza Kefi (Tunisia), Josef Moser (Austria), Terence Nombembe (South Africa), Heidi Mendoza (Philippines), Alar Karis (Estonia), David Walker (USA), John Muwanga (Uganda) and Abdulbasit Turki Saeed (Iraq) - has made a difference in his or her country, often under difficult, adverse and sometimes outright dangerous circumstances.

As part of an emerging literature on place branding, this book fills the important gap between practice-oriented literature—which lacks in-depth and critical analysis—and technical academic literature—which tends to miss down-to-earth practitioners' concerns and to overlook policy and political contexts. Providing frameworks and knowledge on how to practice place branding effectively, this book anchors place-branding practices in a solid analytical framework. It presents place-branding practices through the lenses of public sector marketing, strategic management, and governance processes and structures, as well as communication tools. Marketing a place is more than creating a logo and a motto; this book presents the key strategic aspects to be considered when promoting a place. Readers will gain knowledge about the most important features of place promotion: the development of brands and marketing campaigns in the public sector, the establishment of dedicated politico-administrative structures, and the increasing involvement of various stakeholders that play a central role as place promoters. This book will be a valuable resource for researchers and postgraduate students across place branding, marketing and management, and urban studies, as well as public management, administration, and policy. The practical conclusions discussed in the book will also appeal to practitioners, business consultants, and people working in public administration and politics.

No questions are more pressing today than the ethical dimensions of global capitalism in relation to an unevenly secularized modernity. A Tale of Two Capitalisms offers a timely response to these questions by reexamining the intellectual history of capitalist economics during the nineteenth century. Rajan’s ambitious book traces the neglected relationships between nineteenth-century political economy, anthropology, and literature in order to demonstrate how these discourses buttress a dominant narrative of self-interested capitalism that obscures a submerged narrative within political economy. This submerged narrative discloses political economy’s role in burgeoning theories of religion, as well as its underlying ethos of reciprocity, communality, and just distribution.Drawing on an impressive range of literary, anthropological, and economic writings from the eighteenth through the twenty-first century, Rajan offers an inventive, interdisciplinary account of why this second narrative of capitalism has so long escaped our notice. The book presents an unprecedented genealogy of key anthropological and economic concepts, demonstrating how notions of sacrifice, the sacred, ritual, totemism, and magic remained conceptually intertwined with capitalist theories of value and exchange in both sociological and literary discourses.Rajan supplies an original framework for discussing the ethical ideals that continue to inform contemporary global capitalism and its fraught relationship to the secular. Its revisionary argument brings new insight into the history of capitalist thought and modernity that will engage scholars across a variety of disciplines.

What happens when cultural policy turns digital? Digital Transformation and Cultural Policies in Europe analyzes and compares different digital cultural policies of Europe.Through case studies of seven European countries (UK, Germany, Croatia, Sweden, Spain, Norway, and Switzerland) as well as the analysis of EU digital cultural policy, the book investigates what happens when cultural policy gets changed and challenged by digital culture. Based on a thorough discussion of key concepts and analytical perspectives, this collection also offers a unique multi-disciplinary contribution that shows how digital cultural policy is hyperconvergent. These policies contain established ideas of cultural policy – such as democratization, welfare, access, and national, protectionist ideas – brought together within a digital framework, while also adding new cultural policy tools and instruments, such as digital standards, international regulations, directives, etc. The book shows how digital cultural policies are works in progress, struggling to align their aspirations with their effectiveness.Overall, this book provides a valuable tool for understanding the current policy framework of digital culture. It will be of interest not only to scholars and students in cultural and creative industries but also to creative professionals and policy makers.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.

This unique insight into the corporate investment in the European Union examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2023 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has been administered since 2016, covers about 13 000 firms across the European Union, including a small sample of US firms.

Denne utgivelsen er den andre i en serie bøker fra Institutt for ledelse og organisasjon ved Høyskolen Kristiania. HR i møte med det nye arbeidslivet bygger videre på boken Ledelse av mennesker i det nye arbeidslivet (2020). Boken tar gjennom 12 kapitler for seg HR- og ledelsesrelaterte temaer knyttet til blant annet global usikkerhet, uforutsigbare endringer, kriseledelse, prediktive analyser og scenariotenkning, utvikling av ledere og ledelsespraksis, helsefremmende selvledelse, lederrekruttering, nye tilknytningsformer i arbeidslivet, leders juridiske handlingsrom i konflikt, demografisk utvikling og mangfold i arbeidslivet, og utvikling av pårørenderollen.Kapitlene tar utgangspunkt i perspektiver om det nye arbeidslivet. Forfatterne diskuterer hvordan endringer i og rundt virksomhetene fordrer utvikling av forståelsen av hvordan organisasjoner og mennesker påvirkes, behovet for ny HR-praksis og hvordan ledere skal utøve sin rolle. Boken bygger på sentrale dimensjoner ved HR og ledelse som forskningsfelt:God ledelse og et godt arbeidsliv i Norge utvikles best gjennom forståelse for norsk kontekst.God HR- og ledelsespraksis baseres på solid innsikt i hvordan organisasjonens behov for utvikling av ressurser og kapabiliteter påvirkes av endringer knyttet til indre faktorer og endringer i omgivelsene.Et godt arbeidsliv utvikles ved å ha et bevisst forhold til hvordan globale faktorer og utviklingstrekk er endringsdrivere som påvirker organisasjoner, arbeidsoppgaver, mennesker og ledere.Bokens 17 forfattere er en samling fremtidsorienterte norske forskere og fagpersoner innenfor sine fagfelt. Kapitlene i boken utforsker temaer, problemstillinger og begreper med ambisjon om å bidra til ny innsikt i forsknings- og praksisfeltet i norsk kontekst. Forfatterne bidrar til forskningsbasert kunnskapsutvikling i det nye arbeidslivet gjennom teoretiske, konseptuelle og empiriske studier. Boken retter seg derfor både mot forskere og studenter, og mot HR-spesialister og ledere med interesse for HR, organisasjon og ledelse som fag.HR i møte med det nye arbeidslivet er redigert av Andreas N. Thon (førstelektor i ledelse, organisasjon og HR ved Høyskolen Kristiania), Laura E. M. Traavik (førsteamanuensis i organisasjon og ledelse ved Høyskolen Kristiania) og Kjetil A. Vedøy (høyskolelektor ved Institutt for ledelse og organisasjon, Høyskolen Kristiania).

The supply chain plays a critical role in any sector as it's the core link between the organisation and the supply of resources. It impacts the profitability and reaches of services to consumers. It calls for actions to improve the supply chain by improving the performance and dependence of the supply through the adoption of technology; big data analytics. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's private healthcare can benefit from adopting the technology. The study sought to critically explore previous literature on Big Data Analytics, Supply chain management, and the private healthcare sector and develop recommendations for the KSA case study. The literature review analyzed the available data on SCM, big data analytics, and the private healthcare sector. The behaviours and policies that are needed for the proper adoption of technology were identified and showed the gaps that the technology can solve the adoption of technology issue. Th findings of the study found that some of the factors affecting the adoption of BDA include a shortage of professionals qualified to operate big data analytics in the supply chain, lack of transparency and accountability contributing to environmental barriers and legal constraints, resulting in delays in receiving approvals and permits from laws and regulatory agencies. The opportunities posed include demand forecasting, safety, quality assurance improvement, and indoor monitoring of the process. The results show that utilisation of BDA in KSA private healthcare has more excellent opportunities than challenges. Implementing BDA technology in the supply chain can revolutionise the sector and create room for significant developments. The recommendations include developing primary research by interacting with the managers and experts in the field to find out the current challenges in implementation, analysing the return on investment of focusing on big data analytics, and the duration it will take to make all the changes come to be. KSA's private healthcare supply chain has a more significant opportunity in the supply chain and can benefit from the government's Vision 2030 push toward digitalisation.

" The use of advanced digital technologies such as 3D printing, advanced robotics, drones, big data analytics and artificial intelligence is spreading. These technologies have uncertain implications for labour demand. Affected workers may need to re-train to adapt to changing tasks or new jobs. At the same time, it is unclear whether or not advanced digital technologies encourage firms to invest in workforce re-training. Using firm-level data covering the 27 EU countries, the UK and the US, this paper shows that employers tend to reduce investment in training per employee, after adopting advanced digital technologies. It estimates, with a control function approach, firm-level production functions augmented with two factors: training per employee and digital technology use. We show that these are in fact substitutes in production, implying that an increase in the former negatively affects the marginal productivity of the latter, and that a decline in the cost of introducing advanced digital technologies reduces employers’ investment in training per employee. These findings point to challenges in realising high levels of firm-sponsored training for employees in increasingly digital economies. "

Disruptive Technologien, globale Krisen und hochkomplexe Wechselwirkungen zwischen Wirtschaft, Recht und Gesellschaft stellen nationale wie supranationale Regulierungsinstanzen vor wachsende Herausforderungen. Insbesondere im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie ist daher die Frage nach der Rolle theorie- und evidenzbasierter Grundlagen politischer und unternehmerischer Entscheidungen verstärkt in den Mittelpunkt der Diskussion gerückt. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickeln die Beiträger des vorliegenden Tagungsbandes innovative Regulierungsansätze, die theorie- und evidenzbasiert eine effiziente und zugleich ethisch-wertorientierte Verwirklichung von Regulierungszielen ermöglichen. Behandelt werden fünf Themenblöcke: Gesundheitspolitik, Steuerpolitik, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht und Unternehmensrechnung. Auf der Grundlage der Perspektiven aus Rechtswissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Psychologie und Philosophie werden effektive Strategien für eine theorie- und evidenzbasierte Regulierung in den vorgestellten Bereichen entwickelt.

Die Aktiengesellschaft soll private Ersparnisse in dauerhaft gebundenes, unternehmerisches Anlagekapital transformieren. Zugleich erlaubt die Börsennotierung eine beliebig kurzfristige Anlage in unternehmenstragende Gesellschaften. Vor diesem Hintergrund bestehen in Rechtswissenschaft, Ökonomie und Politik seit langem große Sorgen, dass die moderne kapitalmarktorientierte Aktiengesellschaft unter ein schädliches Diktat kurzfristiger Einflüsse gerät. Eckart Bueren leuchtet diese wechselhafte Kontroverse um kurzfristige Orientierung und damit um den Schutz der Funktionsfähigkeit der Aktiengesellschaft erstmals gesamthaft rechts- und ideengeschichtlich, rechtsvergleichend und rechtsökonomisch aus. Er erzählt damit die Rezeptionsgeschichte eines international wirkmächtigen Regelungstopos im Gesellschafts- und Kapitalmarktrecht. Welche Entwicklung hat er durchlaufen, für welche Rechtsfragen, Regelungsanliegen und Interessen wurde er zu verschiedenen Zeiten dienstbar gemacht und wie bedeutsam ist er heute? Die Arbeit wurde mit dem Förderpreis der Stiftung Kapitalmarktforschung für den Finanzstandort Deutschland ausgezeichnet.

"Despite the efforts of policy makers to tackle recessions as they happen, there is ample evidence that major economic downturns produce lasting negative effects on real GDP, pointing to the existence of “economic scarring”. This paper takes a fresh look at economic scarring in 26 OECD countries, including 14 EU member states, since 1970 and examines the role played by fiscal policy in limiting these impacts. It finds that higher current expenditure does not mitigate the lasting impact of major economic downturns on real GDP. By contrast, more government investment could help to do so, but this is generally less favoured as a policy response. As a result, scarring effects are significant, confronting governments with higher debt levels, which in turn weigh on the room for manoeuvre in subsequent downturns. In sum, fiscal policy makers face two difficulties in the event of a major economic downturn: adopting the right type of fiscal expansion, and finding the right time to pivot from short-term stabilisation to fiscal consolidation, while protecting investment."

"Financial integration, broadly defined as the intensity of cross-border linkages between financial markets, has the potential to channel capital to where it is most productive, bringing many benefits. However, some financial integration is cyclical, increasing economic upswings and declining during down-turns. Of more long-term benefit is financial integration driven by structural factors such as the reductions in exchange rate risk and the increased regulatory or supervisory convergence associated with the establishment of a currency union, such as Europe’s Economic and Monetary Union. This paper presents a new indicator of de facto financial integration in the European Union. Analysing this indicator alongside different financial and macroeconomic variables makes it possible to separate the impact of cyclical boom-bust shocks from the influence structural factors. It shows that increasing structural financial integration tends to improve risk absorption and reduce income disparities among European countries. However, it also suggests that most of the movements in the indicator reflect business cycle dynamics, rather than structural integration. These results highlight the need to develop further policies to foster structural financial integration in the EU."

Past research suggests that economic crisis lead to a reallocation of resources from less productive to more productive firms, with many firms taking action to boost their own productivity. This paper uses data from the EIB Investment Survey and the ORBIS database to analyse how the COVID-19 crisis affected the level of employment and digitalisation efforts of European firms. Moreover, it examines how these changes relate to the pre-crisis performance of firms, in terms of productivity, digitalisation and growth. It finds that firms were less likely to reduce their number of employees, both in the short and in the long term, if they exhibited higher productivity or higher growth, or were in highly digitalised sectors. It also finds that firms were more likely to increase their use of digital technologies during the crisis if they were already relatively advanced users of digital technologies.

Public innovation and digitalization are reshaping organizations and society in various ways and within multiple fields, as innovations are essential in transforming our world and addressing global sustainability and development challenges. This book addresses the fascinating relationship of these two contemporary topics and explores the role of digital transformation in promoting public innovation. This edited collection includes examples of innovations that emerge suddenly, practices for processing innovations, and the requirements for transformation from innovation to the "new normal". Acknowledging that public innovation refers to the development and realization of new and creative ideas that challenge conventional wisdom and disrupt the established practices within a specific context, expert contributions from international scholars explore and illustrate the various activities that are happening in the world of multiple digitalization opportunities. The content covers public administration, technical and business management, human, social, and future sciences, paying attention to the interaction between public and private sectors to utilize digitalization in order to facilitate public innovation. This timely book will be of interest to researchers, academics and students in the fields of technology and innovation management, as well as knowledge management, public service management and administration.

Consumers are an important source of innovation. They primarily innovate out of non-monetary motivations, such as use interest, learning and social rewards. Nonetheless, increasing numbers of such consumer and user innovators recently began diffusing their creations on online marketplaces, where they price and commercialize them. This empirical work reveals that, compared to firms, consumers’ different motivations to innovate affect their pricing decisions systematically in terms of cost, customer quality and competition considerations. Furthermore, it shows that customers’ price evaluations differ consistently when a product is marketed as created by consumers. Two empirical, sequential mixed methods studies were conducted for testing a series of hypotheses derived from fusing pricing research with consumer and user innovation theory. The empirical work was executed in the field of indie video games. Its core quantitative analyses were carried out with data scraped from the Steam computer game marketplace. Interviews and experiments with commercializing consumer innovators and their customers scaffold the findings from the market data analyses. The generated knowledge helps (a) consumer and user innovators to shape and validate their marketing strategies, (b) business administrators to respond to an influx of consumer innovators as competitors, and (c) economists in understanding the market impacts of commercial consumer innovation diffusion.

Die Bedrohungen durch die Klimakrise werden im Kulturbereich intensiv diskutiert und zwingen zum Handeln. Denn auch Kulturmacher*innen müssen Verantwortung für eine nachhaltige Gesellschaft übernehmen und ihre Produktionsweisen dahingehend umstellen. Doch wie kann die damit verbundene Transformation gelingen und welche kulturpolitischen Weichenstellungen sind notwendig? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen versammelt das Jahrbuch für Kulturpolitik 2021/2022 bekannte Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft, Kulturpolitik, Kulturverwaltung und Kulturpraxis, die den Kulturwandel zur Nachhaltigkeit systematisch erfassen und Handlungsoptionen für die Zukunft aufzeigen.

The role of a leader is to be the conductor of an ensemble, an individual who sees the larger picture and puts the pieces of the puzzle together to obtain that picture. The positive leader finds the hidden talents of those they employ and provide the best footing for those talents to prosper and add to the overall value of the product being produced. When it comes to a negative or toxic leader, keeping employees engaged and in their roles long enough to achieve a final product becomes much of an effort and expense. In this dissertation, toxic leadership refers to a leader who displays traits such as abusive supervision, authoritarian leadership, narcissism, unpredictability, and self-promotion. This type of leader is associated with creating a hostile work environment that leads to employee dissatisfaction, disengagement, demotivation, and ultimately the intent to leave their role. This quantitative cross-sectional non-experimental study explored the relationship between the five toxic leadership traits, employee turnover intentions, and whether that relationship is affected by different cultural typologies. This study garnered a total of 613 survey respondents who were at least 18 years of age and in their role for more than one year. The study findings show a significant relationship between all five toxic leadership traits with turnover intention and that the relationship is so significant that it negates any influence by the cultural typologies on employees’ turnover intentions. The study results are of interest to human resource managers, organizational managers, and future leaders when developing training, policies, and recruiting leaders and managers.

In recent years, scholars have recognized the importance of innovation for corporate performance as well as business performance. Innovation is increasingly popular and expected in modern day outsourcing relationships. In this review, this emerging phenomenon of innovation will be examined in the context of business process outsourcing (BPO). The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors of evolution of innovation in BPO sector. This study was driven by the lack of studies on the source of innovation in BPO sectors despite the importance of innovation as one of the primary sources of competitive advantage. Furthermore, as BPO organizations are serving various business processes, it could be expected that each organization could pursue and emphasize different aspects of innovation comparing to others. Therefore, the pursuit in exploring the source and factors in making innovation evolves in an outsourcing organization becomes the priority in this research. A survey questionnaire was sent, and data was gathered from 70 employees in Accenture, a BPO organization in Malaysia. Several findings were found through data analysis using SPSS tool. First, there is a significant number of respondents agree that scope of innovation and client’s expectation contributes to the evolution of innovation. The second finding indicated that there is a stronger correlation between the evolution of innovation with client’s expectation than for scope of innovation.

Este libro reúne diferentes hallazgos, perspectivas y efectos ante un fenómeno que, más de un año después, todavía representa un reto científico, médico y social para todos. Igualmente, esta obra representa el objetivo de la Red Investigadores de Economía: aunar esfuerzos para encontrar respuestas y para fortalecer la investigación en el país, aumentar la difusión de trabajos de calidad y propiciar el encuentro entre académicos, universidades y el Banco de la República. Las investigaciones expuestas en este libro pasaron por un proceso de selección por parte del comité científico, asegurando que hubiese una pluralidad de miradas y de instituciones educativas, además del Banco, donde se relacionaran los efectos de la pandemia y la actividad económica en el país, las consecuencias sociales y regionales. El texto está dividido en cuatro partes. En la primera se hace un análisis macroeconómico de los efectos de la pandemia; para ello se examinan los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria a nivel nacional y regional mediante modelos macroeconómicos que permiten obtener respuestas ante preguntas muy relevantes. La segunda sección trata sobre el impacto en el mercado laboral, el efecto del Covid19 en la distribución del ingreso y el efecto de corto plazo en el mercado urbano. La tercera parte aborda los efectos de la pandemia en los agentes económicos y en otros mercados. Ello incluye la exposición del empleo al Covid19, la vulnerabilidad económica de los hogares en el país y su respuesta en el consumo, patrones de actividad laboral y salud mental, efectos en la educación, inseguridad alimentaria de la población migrante, entre otros. Por último, el cuarto segmento hace un énfasis especial en los efectos diferenciales entre las regiones del país y la heterogeneidad de dicho impacto; para ello se analizan temas de informalidad, vulnerabilidad, fuerza de trabajo disponible, entre otros, en distintas regiones del país.

Project Management/COVID-19