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Correlation study among the charge particle multiplicities plays an important role to analyze the heavy-ion interactions. Different observables like charged particle multiplicities, azimuthal anisotropy among the multiplicity of charge particles, transverse momentum of the multiplicities, etc. can correlate and these help to comprehend the various phases of heavy-ion collisions. We have reviewed two- and three-particle correlations, azimuthal correlations and Bose–Einstein correlations among the multiplicities of charge particles. We have also studied the forward-backward correlation technique to investigate the correlations among the charged multiplicities. Here, we have discussed various kinds of correlations at SPS energy, RHIC energy and LHC energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of femtoscopic correlations in high-energy physics, besides Bose–Einstein correlations, one has to take final-state interactions into account. Amongst them, Coulomb interactions play a prominent role in the case of charged particles. Recent measurements have shown that in heavy-ion collisions, Bose–Einstein correlations can be best described by Lévy-type sources instead of the more common Gaussian assumption. Furthermore, three-dimensional measurements have indicated that, depending on the choice of frame, a deviation from spherical symmetry observed under the assumption of Gaussian source functions persists in the case of Lévy-type sources. To clarify such three-dimensional Lévy-type correlation measurements, it is thus important to study the effect of Coulomb interactions in the case of non-spherical Lévy sources. We calculated the Coulomb correction factor numerically in the case of such a source function for assorted kinematic domains and parameter values using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and compared our results with previous methods to treat Coulomb interactions in the presence of Lévy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtoscopy has the capacity to probe the space-time geometry of the particle-emitting source in heavy-ion collisions. In particular, femtoscopy of like-sign kaon pairs may shed light on the origin of non-Gaussianity of the spatial emission probability density. The momentum correlations between like-sign kaon pairs are measured in data recorded by the STAR experiment, from s NN = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions at RHIC, BNL. Preliminary results hint at the possible existence of non-Gaussian, Lévy-stable sources, with the likely presence of an anomalous diffusion process in the signal for the identically charged kaon pairs so produced. More statistically significant studies at lower centre-of-mass energies may contribute to the search for the critical end point of QCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study of femtoscopic correlations in high-energy physics, besides Bose–Einstein correlations, one has to take final-state interactions into account. Amongst them, Coulomb interactions play a prominent role in the case of charged particles. Recent measurements have shown that in heavy-ion collisions, Bose–Einstein correlations can be best described by Lévy-type sources instead of the more common Gaussian assumption. Furthermore, three-dimensional measurements have indicated that, depending on the choice of frame, a deviation from spherical symmetry observed under the assumption of Gaussian source functions persists in the case of Lévy-type sources. To clarify such three-dimensional Lévy-type correlation measurements, it is thus important to study the effect of Coulomb interactions in the case of non-spherical Lévy sources. We calculated the Coulomb correction factor numerically in the case of such a source function for assorted kinematic domains and parameter values using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm and compared our results with previous methods to treat Coulomb interactions in the presence of Lévy sources.

Femtoscopy has the capacity to probe the space-time geometry of the particle-emitting source in heavy-ion collisions. In particular, femtoscopy of like-sign kaon pairs may shed light on the origin of non-Gaussianity of the spatial emission probability density. The momentum correlations between like-sign kaon pairs are measured in data recorded by the STAR experiment, from sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC, BNL. Preliminary results hint at the possible existence of non-Gaussian, Lévy-stable sources, with the likely presence of an anomalous diffusion process in the signal for the identically charged kaon pairs so produced. More statistically significant studies at lower centre-of-mass energies may contribute to the search for the critical end point of QCD.

Quantum correlations at higher-order were measured in lead–lead collisions at the world largest collider, and a substantial suppression was reported while measuring the three and four pions interferences. The fraction of coherence owing to pion generation in collisions of heavy ions at extreme energies can be investigated along with this suppression. We show and examine pions excretion from a dispersion grouping of droplets using Bose–Einstein condensation which influences the multi-pion correlations to study the structure of the sources as well as the peculiarities of the coherence fraction in collisions at higher energy. We surmised that pions appear to be the preeminent contender for coherence fractions in the following sequence and the correlation functions resulted in the creation of a composite phase of partons–hadronic matter. The main contribution of this research is that we explore the sequences of three and four particles correlations as well as the genuine correlations carried out to probe the fraction of pions condensation during the collisions of heavy nuclei employing a granular structured source. We perceived the considerable difference in the normalized correlations functions between two sources at various droplets number and coherence fractions with this unique technique. We also compared our model results to the scientific results and obtained the coherent fraction which is consistent with the experimental data.

Quantum correlations at higher-order were measured in lead–lead collisions at the world largest collider, and a substantial suppression was reported while measuring the three and four pions interferences. The fraction of coherence owing to pion generation in collisions of heavy ions at extreme energies can be investigated along with this suppression. We show and examine pions excretion from a dispersion grouping of droplets using Bose–Einstein condensation which influences the multi-pion correlations to study the structure of the sources as well as the peculiarities of the coherence fraction in collisions at higher energy. We surmised that pions appear to be the preeminent contender for coherence fractions in the following sequence and the correlation functions resulted in the creation of a composite phase of partons–hadronic matter. The main contribution of this research is that we explore the sequences of three and four particles correlations as well as the genuine correlations carried out to probe the fraction of pions condensation during the collisions of heavy nuclei employing a granular structured source. We perceived the considerable difference in the normalized correlations functions between two sources at various droplets number and coherence fractions with this unique technique. We also compared our model results to the scientific results and obtained the coherent fraction which is consistent with the experimental data. • Quantum correlations at higher-order were measured in lead-lead collisions at the world's largest collider. • Substantial suppression was reported while measuring the three and four pions interferences. • The fraction of coherence owing to pion generation in collisions of heavy ions at extreme energies can be investigated along with this suppression. • We show and examine pions excretion from a dispersion grouping of droplets using Bose-Einstein condensation. • We explore the sequences of three and four particles correlations as well as the genuine correlations carried out to probe the fraction of pions condensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]