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Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Anterior disc displacement (ADD) is the most common type of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and may lead to condylar resorption (CR) during the adolescence period, but the specific malocclusion associated with ADD and CR remains unclear., Objective: This study aimed to investigate the malocclusion associated with TMJ ADD and CR in adolescents., Methods: This cross-sectional study included a clinical examination of adolescent patients aged 11-19 years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to diagnose both TMJ ADD and CR. Occlusal measurements were obtained and analysed using 3D scanning models., Results: A total of 242 adolescent patients (53 males and 189 females) underwent TMJ MRI examination and dental occlusion scanning. The prevalence of anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) was higher in females than that in males (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Deep overbite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR), while Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite and posterior scissor bite were significantly associated with ADDwoR (OR > 1, p < 0.05). Adolescents with excessive overjet and anterior open bite were at a higher risk of CR (OR > 1, p < 0.05), whereas those with deep overbite and individual crossbite had a lower risk of CR (OR < 1, p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Our study offers valuable insights into the association between deep overbite, posterior scissor bite, Angle Class II malocclusion, anterior open bite, excessive overjet and the ADD and CR in adolescents. Orthodontic treatment for adolescent patients should prioritise the health of the TMJ, particularly for these types of malocclusion., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/aim: Autotransplantation is a well-documented procedure for replacing missing teeth in the anterior maxilla. This retrospective study aims to evaluate long-term survival rate, success rate as well as esthetics and patient-reported outcome of premolars autotransplanted to the anterior maxilla and secondarily to identify potential prognostic factors for survival, success, esthetic, and biological complications., Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty-two patients with 153 transplants were assessed on survival rate and potential prognostic factors, while 50 patients with 61 autotransplanted premolars underwent clinical, radiographic, and esthetic assessment. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded. Esthetic outcomes were evaluated using a comprehensive score system comparing transplanted teeth to neighboring tooth. All patients filled in a questionnaire about the esthetic outcome of the treatment., Results: The survival rate of transplants after 16-38 years was 76%, with the majority showing no periodontal complications (95%). Radiographically, 46% of transplanted premolars showed no signs of pathosis. Ankylosis and inflammatory resorption were observed in 19% and 16%, respectively. Prognostic factors such as donor tooth type and root stage did not significantly affect transplant survival. Premolars transplanted at an immature stage had a significant lower risk of ankylosis, compared to more mature transplants. Esthetically, 72% of the transplants matched their neighboring teeth, and taking the biological success into consideration an overall success rate was 57.3%. In total, 71% of all patients were esthetically satisfied with their autotransplant, 18% were fairly satisfied, and 11% were dissatisfied., Conclusions: The transplants demonstrated high survival rate, albeit with biological complications such as ankylosis and inflammatory root resorption. Developmental stage of the root at the time of transplantation had a significant influence on ankylosis of transplanted teeth. Esthetic outcomes were generally satisfactory, although challenges were noted with certain restoration types and donor tooth selections. Overall, the majority of patients expressed satisfaction with their autotransplanted teeth., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of collagen matrix (CMX) compared with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in gingival recession coverage (RC) surgery., Methods: Review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. The search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Randomized studies comparing CMX versus. SCTG or CMX versus. covering procedures without any filling material, for class I recession treatment were included. Risk of bias assessment and quantitative analysis were performed., Results: Of 168 records, 11 randomized clinical trials were included. The meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in terms of %RC (p = 0.37); there was a statistically significant difference in terms of recession reduction (p = 0.02) and keratinized tissue width (p = 0.03) in favor of SCTG cases. CMX showed a statistically significantly better result compared to no grafting, regarding %RC (p = 0.003) and keratinized tissue thickness (p < 0.0001). The duration of the intervention was significantly shorter for CMX than for SCTG (p < 0.0001)., Conclusion: CMX can be considered a viable material, especially when a ΔKTt increase and a reduction of intervention duration is needed. The indications for the choice, however, may depend on the individual local condition. PROSPERO Registration: Registration in PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews): CRD42024555443., (© 2024 The Author(s). Oral Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Palatal impaction of the maxillary canine is commonly considered as a genetic condition, while the lateral incisor root has been suggested to guide maxillary permanent canine eruption. This review assessed whether agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor is associated with eruption disturbances of the maxillary canine (displacement or impaction). Unrestricted searches in six databases for observational case-control human studies until May 2024 assessing eruption disturbances of the permanent maxillary canine in conjunction with permanent maxillary lateral incisor agenesis were performed. Study selection, data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment with the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool were performed in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analyses of odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses. Seventeen reports pertaining to 17 case-control studies were included covering 10,155 patients (11.6 year-old/46% male on average). Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis was associated with eruption disturbance of the maxillary canine (17 studies; OR = 3.88; 95% CI = 2.05-7.34; p < 0.001; I 2  = 58). Lateral incisor agenesis was more associated with canine displacement (7 studies; OR = 7.56; 95% CI = 2.10-27.18; p = 0.008; I 2  = 57) and to a lesser degree with canine impaction (10 studies; OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.28-4.48; p = 0.01). No significant effects of patient age or sex were seen, and the results were robust to study design and precision. The quality of evidence was low due to the inclusion of observational case-control studies with methodological issues and residual confounding. Evidence indicates that permanent maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is associated with eruption disturbances of the permanent maxillary canine, including mainly displacement, but also impaction. Trial Registration: PROSPERO database number: CRD42024549898., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)

Purpose: The spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) is an important site of endochondral ossification in the cranial base that closes prematurely in Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes, which contributes to varying degrees of midface hypoplasia. The facial dysmorphology of Muenke syndrome, in contrast, is less severe with low rates of midface hypoplasia. We thus evaluated the timing of SOS fusion and cephalometric landmarks in patients with Muenke syndrome compared to normal controls., Methods: Patients with Muenke syndrome who had at least one fine-cut head computed tomography scan performed from 2000 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. A case-control study was performed of patient scans and age- and sex-matched control scans. SOS fusion status was evaluated as open, partially closed, or closed., Results: We included 28 patients and compared 77 patient scans with 77 control scans. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an insignificantly earlier timeline of SOS fusion in Muenke syndrome (p = 0.300). Mean sella-orbitale (SO) distance was shorter (44.0 ± 6.6 vs. 47.7 ± 6.7 mm, p < 0.001) and mean sella-nasion-Frankfort horizontal (SN-FH) angle was greater (12.1° ± 3.8° vs. 10.1° ± 3.2°, p < 0.001) in the Muenke group, whereas mean sella-nasion-A point (SNA) angle was similar and normal (81.1° ± 5.7° vs. 81.4° ± 4.7°, p = 0.762)., Conclusion: Muenke syndrome is characterized by mild and often absent midfacial hypoplasia, with the exception of slight retropositioning of the infraorbital rim. Interestingly, SOS fusion patterns in these patients are not significantly different from age- and sex-matched controls despite an increased odds of fusion. It is possible that differences in timing of SOS fusion may manifest phenotypically at the infraorbital rim rather than at the maxilla., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Various clinical studies performed in adults have shown the relationship between craniofacial morphology and masticatory muscle function. However, the growth of the masticatory muscle has not received such attention, when compared with the volume of studies on the skeletal growth of face. With this background and considering the widespread use of ultrasonography (USG), the following study was undertaken to provide some insights into the relationship between muscle and bone and facial morphology. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted over a period of three years from 2012 to 2015 to assess the correlation between the thickness of the masseter muscle in Angle's normal occlusion and the various malocclusions of the dental arch as well as the facial form. Patients with a full complement set of teeth, normal tooth morphology, Angle's normal occlusion, Angle's class I-III malocclusion, those with a history of third molar extraction, and impaction were included in the study. Those with a history of any prior orthodontic treatment, restorations, or any missing teeth (except the third molar) were exempted from the study. The greater thickness of masseter muscle in relaxed and clenched state was recorded on USG. Facial morphology was determined with the aid of facial photographs. Results: The study was conducted on 140 patients. The class I normal occlusion group had the thickest masseter muscle, while the class III malocclusion group had the thinnest masseter muscle. Facial parameters showed highly significant gender-wise differences in class I normal occlusion, class I malocclusion, and class II division II malocclusion. There was a significant negative co-relation between the thickness of masseter muscle and facial forms in all the categories of Angle's classification as indicated by a negative regression coefficient B (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The masseter muscle thickness correlated directly with male gender and normal occlusion, and inversely with the degree of malocclusion and facial form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The profound influence of orthodontic treatments on facial aesthetics has been a topic of increasing interest. This study delves into the intricate interplay between orthodontic treatments, facial feature alterations, and aesthetic perceptions. Methods: A total of 73 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were included in this study. Facial photographs were taken before and after treatment. Ten orthodontists provided facial aesthetic ratings (FAR) for each patient's frontal, profile, and overall views. 48 facial landmarks were manually placed by the orthodontists and normalized using Generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA). Two types of phenotypes were derived from facial landmarks. Global facial phenotypes were then extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, 37 clinical features related to aesthetics and orthodontics were extracted. The association between facial features and changes in FAR after orthodontic treatment was determined using these two types of phenotypes. Results: The FAR exhibited a high correlation among orthodontic experts, particularly in the profile view. The FAR increased after orthodontic treatment, especially in profile views. Extraction of premolars and orthognathic surgery were found to result in higher FAR change. For global facial phenotypes, the most noticeable changes in the frontal and profile views associated with FAR occurred in the lip area, characterized by inward retraction of the lips and slight chin protrusion in the profile view, as well as a decrease in lip height in the frontal view. The changes observed in the profile view were statistically more significant than those in the frontal view. These facial changes were consistent with the changes from orthodontic treatment. For clinical features, two profile features, namely pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, were found to be associated with FAR following orthodontic treatment. The highest FAR scores were achieved when pg.sm.hori was at 80° and pg.n.ls was at 8°. On the other hand, frontal clinical features had a subtle effect on FAR during orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that orthodontic treatment improves facial aesthetics, particularly at lip aera in the profile view. Profile clinical features, such as pg.sm.hori and pg.n.ls, are essential in orthodontic treatment which could increase facial aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs about a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the role of mandibular third molars in late crowding of lower anterior teeth in patients with or without previous orthodontic treatment. Topic include the study reveals that the presence of lower third molars may contribute to mandibular crowding and lower arch constriction, emphasizing the need for further high-quality research to clarify their impact.

Herein, feasibility of plasmonically enhanced molecule detection via surface‐enhanced Raman scattering for ceramics that are commonly used as bone or tooth replacement materials is evaluated. Open cell foams of Bioglass 45S5, the commercial hydroxyapatite‐based product Bio‐Oss, and bioinert zirconia‐toughened‐alumina (ZTA) are coated with Au nanoparticles via colloidal deposition to introduce plasmonic effects. Depending on the pore size, gold‐functionalized plasmonic porous Bioglass shows effective Raman enhancement factor (eEF) up to 5.4×104$5.4 \times \left(10\right)^{4}$, while depositing gold nanoparticles on Bio‐Oss and porous ZTA resulted in eEF of 1.1×104$1.1 \times \left(10\right)^{4}$ and 2.4×105$2.4 \times \left(10\right)^{5}$ respectively. The performance of the plasmonic porous bioceramics under simulated biological conditions is examined in situ in the biological medium fetal bovine serum (FBS) and during extended incubation in mineralizing simulated body fluid (SBF). Most notably, the plasmonic porous Bioglass still delivered an eEF around 7.2×103$7.2 \times \left(10\right)^{3}$ after 28 days of incubation in SBF, indicating promising stability in simulated biological conditions without significant difference in SBF bioactivity before and after Au deposition. Accordingly, the plasmonically enhanced porous bioceramics offer the possibility for real‐time and sensitive molecule detection at SBF and FBS conditions and can be further developed for sensing of specific biomarkers, for example, in the context of osseointegration of bone replacement materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a diode laser (810 nm) for circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy compared with conventional surgical circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in preventing rotational relapse in orthodontically treated cases. Methods: Seventy-six patients (age range from 18-25 years) with mandibular crowding ranging between 5-8 mm and rotation >10˚ (from the individualized arch form) treated non-extraction with a straight wire appliance (McLaughlin, Bennet, Trevisi; 0.022 inch) prescription were selected for the study. The patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 22 patients each: Group 1 (Control group-No circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy), Group 2 (Conventional circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy), and Group 3 (diode laser circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy). After leveling and alignment up to “0.019x0.025” stainless steel wire, the arch wire was removed for a period of 1 month. Impressions were made and the poured casts were scanned. The 3D models (.STL files) were evaluated for changes in the irregularity index and rotational relapse. Results: One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test were used for data analysis. Group 1 (Control group) showed greater relapse in both irregularity index and rotation angulations in comparison with Groups 2 and 3, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in irregularity index and rotational relapse between Group 2 and Group 3 (p=0.35 for irregularity index, and p=0.41 for rotational relapse). Conclusion: The control group showed significantly more relapse than both circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy groups. Both conventional and diode laser circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy decreased the relapse tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To examine families' experiences, including motivation and barriers to undergoing tooth autotransplantation (AT), and their perceptions of associated esthetic and functional outcomes., Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth-interviews (IDIs) were conducted in person with families who had children that underwent the AT procedure. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed both deductively and inductively. A facilitators and barriers matrix and journey maps were created to draw inferences on patterns arising from main themes., Results: Twenty families selecting AT as a solution for a missing maxillary incisor were recruited and interviewed. Overall, all families interviewed had a positive experience with the AT procedure. Motivating factors for undergoing the AT procedure included wanting an earlier intervention for the missing incisor, wishing to mitigate negative psychosocial effects, and the anticipated positive outcomes that would last into adulthood. Barriers to uptake of the AT procedure included the lack of dental practitioner awareness of AT as a potential solution and a large number of appointments and travel. Families were also initially concerned over potential complications that could arise from their child undergoing this procedure. The cost of the procedure was both a barrier and a facilitator for treatment., Conclusions: The study results demonstrate that the overall AT is favorably considered by the families of growing children for the replacement of maxillary incisors and highlight factors that may act as motivators or barriers to its uptake., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: Evaluate long-term spontaneous occlusal changes following L7 extraction in adolescent patients., Materials and Methods: Study models of 144 participants (63 males, 81 females) retrospectively assessed prior to L7 extraction (9-16 years old; T1) and following L8 eruption (14-25 years old; T2). All received upper fixed appliances. A sub-group (n = 86) received no lower fixed appliances and acted as controls. Occlusal changes were compared between treatment (lower fixed appliance) and control (no lower fixed appliance) groups using PAR index. At T2, L8 occlusal outcome was assessed using ABO grading system., Results: Mean follow-up period 6 (SD 2) years. At T1, lower scores observed in control group for Lower Anterior (P < .001), Midline (P = .033) and Lateral Segments (P = .040) components. At T2, lower scores continued being observed in control group for Midline (P < .001) and Lateral segment (P = .019) components. Higher decrease in Lower Anterior PAR scores observed in treatment group (<.001) with comparable scores between groups at T2 (P = .057). Similar PAR score changes between groups for Lateral Segments, Overjet and Overbite components. At T2, no significant difference observed in Total PAR score reduction between control (83%) and treatment (82%) groups. Good-to-acceptable occlusal outcome of the L8 observed in 81.55% of cases at T2 with no difference between groups., Conclusion: In growing patients with mild mandibular crowding, extraction of L7 followed by upper fixed appliance therapy, leads to favourable occlusal changes over a 6-year follow-up period, with or without lower fixed appliance therapy, being an alternative extraction protocol where lower fixed appliance therapy is not recommended., (© 2024 The Authors. Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: This study evaluated the skeletal and dental changes of patients brought by early removable maxillary expansion (ERME) treatment to explore the clinical treatment effect of ERME on early dental arch growth modification. Methods: Subject children aged 6–10 years with a maxillary transverse deficiency received ERME treatment, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured before and after treatment, and statistical differences in the measured items were evaluated with corresponding statistical methods to explore the skeletal and dental changes. Results: After ERME treatment, there was a statistical increase in the maxillary basal bone arch width, nasal cavity width, maxillary alveolar bone arch width, and maxillary dental arch width. A buccal inclination of the maxillary alveolar bone and a buccal inclination and buccal movement in the alveolar bone of maxillary first molars were found. The maxillary skeletal expansion was statistically greater than the dental expansion. Increases in the mandibular alveolar bone arch width and dental arch width happened after treatment. A decrease in angle ANB and an increase in Ptm-A, U1-SN, U1-PP, L1-MP, and L6-MP were found after treatment. No statistical changes in the growth pattern-related measured items were observed. Conclusions: ERME could expand the maxillary basal bone arch width, nasal cavity width, maxillary alveolar bone arch width, and maxillary dental arch width. The maxillary skeletal expansion was greater than the dental expansion. Secondary increases in the mandibular alveolar bone and dental arch widths would happen after ERME. ERME would result in a mandibular advancement, a labial inclination of maxillary anterior teeth, and an increase of maxillary sagittal length, and would not change the patient's growth pattern. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University. (WCHSIRB-D-2020–446). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tooth wear is a multifactorial condition, leading to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues. The availability of an unambiguous, universally applicable assessment protocol remains lacking. Objectives: The goal of the authors is to develop a set of diagnostic criteria for the assessment of tooth wear (DC‐TW). A two‐step approach will be used to achieve this objective: (1) to develop a preliminary beta version of the DC‐TW, based on the authors' clinical experience and their shared expertise and supported by a narrative review of the existing literature, and (2) to develop the final DC‐TW, with input from a larger group of experts using an international Delphi process. This paper relates to the first step. Methods: The authors outlined the components that should be incorporated into the DC‐TW. The literature search was performed to investigate if their concept was in line with the available literature. The search was conducted to identify eligible publications from inception to July 11, 2022. Two authors independently screened all publications, and differences in judgements were resolved through a consensus procedure. Results: The search yielded 5362 publications, resulting in the final inclusion of 383. These publications were divided into four main topics: (1) nomenclature/taxonomies; (2) self‐report tools; (3) clinical assessment tools; and (4) clinical decision‐making. Conclusions: The information from the publications was used and fused with the clinical experience and shared expertise of the authors to contribute to the development of a preliminary beta version of the DC‐TW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the chronological age range associated with each stage of spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion in patients with cleft lip and palate compared to the noncleft group, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Design : In this study, the degree of SOS fusion was assessed using a 4-stage scoring system on CBCT images of 190 individuals (92 patients with cleft lip and palate, 98 noncleft individuals). A χ2 test was performed to assess the correlation between age and fusion stage. The independent sample t tests were used to evaluate the differences in the mean values of the samples of each group and each sex, as well as the mean value of each stage (P <.05). Results : The results showed that there was no significant difference in the timing of the SOS fusion stages between the patients with cleft palate and the noncleft group. Although the fusion process of SOS begins about one year earlier in females, the complete ossification occurs at the mean age of 18.5 for both sexes in the experimental group and the mean age of 19.0 in the noncleft group. Conclusions : The present study found no differences in the fusion stages of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis between patients with cleft lip and palate and healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) is the property of Necmettin Erbakan University Dental Journal (NEU Dent J) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present systematic review updates the evidence on wisdom teeth contributing to lower incisor crowding following orthodontic treatment. Relevant literature was searched on online databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science, up to December 2022. Eligibility criteria were formulated using the PICOS approach and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible research included original clinical studies involving patients previously being treated orthodontically with permanent dentition at the end of treatment, regardless of sex or age. The initial search yielded 605 citations. After considering eligibility criteria and removing duplicates, only 10 articles met the criteria for inclusion. The risk of bias of eligible studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Interventions tool. The majority were highly biased, mainly regarding allocation concealment, group similarity, and assessment blinding. The vast majority did not report statistically significant associations between the presence of third molars and crowding relapse. However, a minor effect has been suggested. Seemingly, there is no clear connection between mandibular third molars and incisor crowding after orthodontic treatment. The present review did not find adequate evidence to advocate preventative removal of the third molars for reasons of occlusal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the effects of different rapid maxillary expansion appliances on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Material and methods: Patients having a narrow maxilla and identified with OSA were divided randomly into three groups: tooth tissue-borne, tooth-borne, and bone-borne expanders. Changes in sleep parameters at baseline and 3-month follow-up detected by polygraphy were the primary outcome. Treatment of the crossbite was the secondary outcome. Dunn-Bonferroni tests, Kruskal–Wallis, and Wilcoxon analysis were applied for intra- and inter-group differences at p < 0.05 significance level. Results: Among 46 patients randomized, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) changed from baseline to follow-up in all groups (− 1.6, p = 0.280; 0.6, p = 0.691; − 0.45, p = 0.796, respectively), with no between-group difference (p = 0.631). Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) altered from baseline to follow-up in all groups (0.80, p = 0.977; 0.20, p = 0.932; and − 1.00, p = 0.379, respectively), with no between-group difference (p = 0.858). There was no significant difference in minimum oxygen saturation from baseline to follow-up in all groups (0.00, p = 0.401; − 2.00, p = 0.887; 0.50, p = 0.407, respectively). No significant changes were observed in supine AHI from baseline to follow-up in all groups (0.00, p = 0.581; − 1.00, p = 0.393; 0.00, p = 0.972, respectively). The upper intermolar width increased from baseline to follow-up in all groups (5.04, p = 0.000; 3.15, p = 0.001; 5.41, p = 0.00, respectively) with no between-group difference (p = 0.560). Maxillary width increased from baseline to follow-up in all groups (4.25, p = 0.001; 4.74, p = 0.00; 4.49, p = 0.001, respectively) with no inter-group difference (p = 0.963). Conclusions: The amount of skeletal and dental expansion obtained in the maxilla was similar in all groups. Rapid maxillary expansion was not found to be effective in OSA treatment. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04604392. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aydin Dental Journal is the property of Aydin Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics/Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The study aims at finding the incidence of temporo-mandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in a non-patient population and relates their association with psychological distress and parafunctional habits. Materials and Methods: A DC/TMD questionnaire and DASS-21 scale survey were completed by selected participants followed by clinical examination of TMDs symptoms in sample population. Results: A study sample of 855 participants revealed 36.65% population with various TMDs symptoms, while 63.5% population had no TMDs symptoms. 50.8% study participants were men, and 49.2% were women. Of all affected population, 16.2% had pain-related TMDs, 12.39% had intra-articular TMDs symptoms, and 8.07% had TMJ pain associated with pain or dysfunction. For all TMDs symptoms groups, the strongest correlations were for depression, while no significant associations were observed with parafunctional habits in all groups. Conclusions: Overall psychological distress and anxiety increased the prospects of TMDs symptoms. Clinical factors like muscle tenderness, crossbite and deep vertical overlap seem to be significant etiological factors, while angle molar relationship and parafunctional habits do not seem to be significant etiologic factors in TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Dental Science is the property of Brazilian Dental Science Journal-ICT-UNESP and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: A set of orofacial signs and symptoms completely or partially present in individuals who replace the correct pattern of nasal breathing with an oral or mixed pattern is defined as mouth breathing syndrome (MBS). In a previous report, it was clarified that an incompetent lip seal (ILS) affected the occurrence of MBS among primary school children. However, the factors related to MBS and the effect of ILS in preschool children remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors relevant to MBS in preschool children and investigate the relationship of ILS to MBS. Material and Methods: We surveyed 285 preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age. Their guardians completed the questionnaire, which consisted of 44 questions regarding the children's daily health conditions and lifestyle habits. To classify the closely related questions into their respective factors and to examine the strength of the correlation between the newly revealed factors, an exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation was performed. Results: The factor analysis identified nine items representing four factors. Factors 1–4 were defined as "diseases of the nose," "ILS," "problem with swallowing and chewing," and "eating and drinking habits," respectively. Factor 2 most strongly correlated with Factor 1, and both Factors showed a relatively strong correlation with Factor 3. Conclusions: The initial stage of MBS may be present in preschool children. ILS and diseases of the nose can cause poor development of oral functions, such as breathing and eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term skeletal stability of orthognathic correction of dentofacial deformities secondary to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in individuals without total alloplastic joint reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The investigators designed and implemented a retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with JIA who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. To evaluate the long-term skeletal changes, the maxillary palatal plane to mandibular plane angle, anterior facial height, and posterior facial height measurements were evaluated through cephalograms. Results: Six patients met inclusion criteria. All subjects were female (mean 16.2 years). Four patients demonstrated < 1° of change of the palatal plane to mandibular plane angle, and all patients had < 2° of change. Three patients had < 1% change in the anterior to posterior facial height ratio. Three patients demonstrated relative posterior facial shortening compared to anterior facial height (< 4%). No patients developed postoperative anterior open-bite malocclusion. Conclusion: Orthognathic correction of the JIA DFD deformity with TMJ preservation is a viable modality to improve facial esthetics, occlusion, upper airway and speech swallowing and chewing mechanisms in select patients. The measured skeletal relapse did not affect the clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Most orthodontic cases consist of varying degrees of crowding. To manage crowded dentitions, nickel-titanium archwires with various ligation methods are often used. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of different ligation methods with respect to force and moment and suggest the efficient ligation method for treating rotation and displacement simultaneously. METHODS: We built a model that simulated the three anterior teeth of the maxilla. The teeth on the two ends were fixed, and the middle tooth was set in several different positions by manipulating the amount of displacement in bucco-lingual direction and rotation angle. The measurements were taken with three different ligation methods of self-ligation (SL), elastomeric o-ring ligation on both side wings (EB), and on one side wings (EO). RESULTS: The magnitude of linguo-buccal force exceeded the standard optimal force in each condition examined and was significantly larger in EB than in other ligation methods. Moreover, the magnitude of moment generation with SL was suitable in the 0.0 mm linguo-version, whereas it was suitable with EO in the linguo-version ranging 1.0–3.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The ligation method significantly affected the force and moment. SL and EO are recommended in dentitions with light and deep lingual displacements, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most common scientific methods to study the chemical composition of bone matter is energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). However, interpretation of the data obtained can be quite complicated and require a thorough understanding of bone structure. This is especially important when evaluating subtle changes of chemical composition, including the age-related ones. The aim of current study is to create a method of processing the obtained data that can be utilized in clinical medicine and use it to evaluate the age evolution of bone chemical composition. To achieve this goal, an elemental composition of 62 samples of cadaver compact bone, taken from the skull base (age: Me = 57.5; 21/91(min/max); Q1 = 39.5, Q3 = 73.75), was studied with EDS. We used the original method to estimate the amount of Mg2+ cations. We detected and confirmed an increase of Mg2+ cation formula amount in the bone apatite, which characterizes age-related resorption rate. Analysis of cation estimated ratio in a normative bone hydroxylapatite showed an increase of Mg2+ amount (R = 0.43, p = 0.0005). Also, Ca weight fraction was shown to decrease with age (R = − 0.43, p = 0.0005), which in turn confirmed the age-dependent bone decalcification. In addition, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were performed. EDS data confirmed the EPMA results (R = 0.76, p = 0.001). In conclusion, the proposed method can be used in forensic medicine and provide additional data to the known trends of decalcification and change of density and crystallinity of mineral bone matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To determine whether there is an association between skeletal jaw position and perioral musculature, and if genotypes can predict skeletal growth. A prospective study on 42 patients over 1 year was performed. The study included 22 females and 20 males with and average age of 28.5 years. Lip strength was compared to radiographic cephalometric measurements. Allelic and genotypic frequencies from polymorphisms rs678397 and rs1815739 in ACTN3 and rs10850110 in MYO1H were compared to each variable. Chi–square and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (alpha = 0.05). The data showed significant differences between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and SNA angle (P =.01; P =.003, respectively); between rs1815739 allele frequency and SNA angle (P =.01); between rs678397 allele frequency and ANB angle (P =.049); between rs678397 genotype and allele frequencies and lip strength in females (P =.045; P =.02); and between rs678397 allele frequency and overall lip strength (P =.049), after mean strength values used as cut off being customized by sex. Polymorphisms in ACTN3 are associated with weak lips and larger SNA and ANB angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An association of malocclusion as potent risk factor to temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) has been under question since ages. A systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control and cohort studies was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses)guidelines to compare the prevalence of TMDs in subjects with malocclusion to patients with normocclusion. The study was registered on the PROSPERO database (identifier: CRD42022315863). An elaborate electronic database (PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar) and manual search resulted in 325 articles, among which 7 and 3 articles were shortlisted for qualitative and quantitative review, respectively, for articles published from January 2000 until December 2021. A total of 4,183 participants were included in this review with age range of 5 to 75 years. New–Castle Ottawa tool was employed for quality assessment, while I 2 statistical value for meta-analysis was interpreted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Fixed effect model was applied as, I 2 = 0. Pooled odds ratio with 95% confidence interval for all three studies was 14.64 [4.43, 48.36] suggesting that TMDs were 14.64 times more associated in patients with malocclusion (cases) than patients without malocclusion (controls). Within the limitations and fair quality of evidence of the current review and analysis, TMDs and associated symptoms are more prevalent in patients with malocclusion with or without more associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Masseter muscle thickness and its relationship with vertical craniofacial morphology have been extensively studied in adults, but data on children are lacking. Objective: To examine the association between masseter muscle thickness and vertical cephalometric parameters in a group of Class II malocclusion growing children. Methods: The current study design was retrospective and cross‐sectional, looking at a sample of 211 growing children with Class II malocclusion between the ages of 6 and 15 derived from two centers. Ultrasonographic masseter muscle thickness measurements and vertical cephalometric variables, including the gonial angle, were evaluated before any orthodontic treatment had been carried out. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between masseter muscle thickness and vertical cephalometric measurements, including age and patient origin as independent variables in the analysis. Results: In the present sample, masseter muscle thickness was found to be independent of sex, but correlated with age, with older children presenting thicker masseter muscles. In the total patient sample, using multiple regression analyses, children with thicker masseter muscles had significantly smaller intermaxillary and gonial angles. No other cephalometric vertical characteristics showed associations with masseter muscle thickness. Conclusion: In growing children with Class II malocclusion, those with thicker masseter muscles are more likely to display smaller intermaxillary and gonial angles respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Methods  The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results  The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p -values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion  In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is affected in 30–45% of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients, with all JIA subtypes at risk for TMJ involvement. JIA patients with TMJ involvement may present with altered craniofacial morphology, including micrognathia, mandibular retrognathia, a hyperdivergent mandibular plane angle, and skeletal anterior open bite. These features are also commonly present and associated with non-JIA pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Materials and Methods: The study was comprised of a group of 32 JIA patients and a group of 32 healthy control subjects. CBCT images were taken for all patients and were imported into Dolphin Imaging software. The Dolphin Imaging was used to measure the upper airway volumes and the most constricted cross-sectional areas of each patient. Cephalometric images were rendered from the CBCT data for each patient, and the following cephalometric values were identified: SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, anterior facial height (AFH), posterior facial height (PFH), mandibular plane angle (SN-MP), FMA (FH-MP), overjet (OJ), and overbite (OB). Airway volumes, the most constricted cross-sectional area values, and cephalometric values were compared between the JIA and control groups. Results: For airway values, statistically significant differences were seen in the nasopharynx airway volume (p = 0.004), total upper airway volume (p = 0.013), and the most constricted cross-sectional area (p = 0.026). The oropharynx airway volume was not statistically significant (p = 0.051). For cephalometric values, only the posterior facial height showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.024). Conclusions: There was a significant difference in airway dimensions in the JIA patients as compared to the control patients. In addition, the posterior facial dimensions seem to be affected in JIA patients. The ODDs ratio analysis further corroborated the findings that were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was introduced into the study of palate growth and development to explain the mechanisms by which mouth breathing affects palate descent from an aerodynamic perspective. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were used to reconstruct a 3-dimensional model during natural mouth breathing of a volunteer. The model was imported into CFX 19.0 for numerical simulation of nasal breathing, mouth-nasal breathing, and mouth breathing. The pressure in the oronasal cavity was analyzed, and the pressure difference between the oral and nasal surfaces of hard palate under different breathing patterns was calculated. CFD can be used to simulate the stress on the oral and nasal surfaces of the palate under different breathing patterns. The pressure differences and resultant force between the oral and nasal surfaces of the hard palate during nasal inspiration, nasal expiration, mouth-nasal inspiration, mouth-nasal expiration, mouth inspiration, and mouth expiration were 0 Pa, 4 Pa (upward), 9 Pa (upward), 3 Pa (downward), 474 Pa (upward), 263 Pa (downward), respectively, and 87.99 N (upward), 88.03 N (upward), 88.01 N (upward), 88.01 N (upward), 88.05 N (upward), 87.94 N (upward), respectively. Therefore, CFD can be used to investigate the growth and development of the palate. When the volunteer opened his mouth, the pressure difference between the oral and nasal surfaces of the hard palate was about 88 N upward regardless of whether there was airflow in the mouth. The reversal of the direction of the force on the hard palate may be one of the factors affecting its descent of it., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences / Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate laypeople and dental professionals' opinions of the aesthetic outcome from implant therapy (IT) and orthodontic space closure (SC) for missing maxillary lateral incisors. Material and methods: Evaluation was performed by three groups: laypeople 20–30 years of age (n = 26), laypeople 50–70 years of age (n = 26) and orthodontists (n = 25). The assessors viewed photographs of 44 different cases treated with IT or SC, and made an evaluation of the aesthetics. Results: The gingival color adjacent to the replaced tooth was rated as having better aesthetics in the SC cases (p = 0.000). The orthodontists preferred the aesthetics of the dentition in the SC cases (p = 0.042). The young laypeople, compared to the older laypeople and orthodontists, were more dissatisfied with the color of the tooth replacing the missing lateral incisor in SC cases (p = 0.043). Conclusion: The color of the gingiva adjacent to the implant‐supported crowns had a lower aesthetic rating than the SC group. Laypeople rated both treatments as equally good. The orthodontists had a slight preference for the aesthetics in the SC cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) with respect to improvement in sleep disordered breathing(SDB) and conductive hearing loss in children Material & Methods: The study was carried out at a tertiary care centre in the Dept of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics in collaboration with the Dept of ENT and Dept of Physiology after due clearance from the institutional committee. A sample of 30 children between age of 8 to 15 years seeking orthodontic treatment, treated with RME and evaluated for improvement in SDB, conductive hearing loss and decrease in AHI parameters using pre and post lateral cephalograms, PA cephalograms and Acoustic Pharyngometry. Data acquired was statistically evaluated and presented along a median with p-value at 0.05 and the hypotheses were formulated using two tailed alternatives against each null hypothesis. Results: Wilcoxon's signed rank test, showed that the distribution of post-treatment maxillary dentoalveolar parameters was significantly higher compared to the pre-treatment maxillary dentoalveolar parameters, post treatment cephalometric nasal and upper airway parameters were significantly higher compared to the pre-treatment, a positive impact on the upper airway especially NAS and VAS was observed, post treatment acoustic pharyngometry parameters (such as Mean volume, Mean area and Minimum area) which were significantly higher compared to the average pre-treatment parameters, AHI was significantly lower compared to the pre-treatment AHI showing marked improvement and conductive hearing loss improved post RME, leading to near normalization. Conclusion: All maxillary dentoalveolar parameters, nasal width and transverse maxillary width improved, Nasopharyngeal and Velopharyngeal airway space showed improvement as the maxillary trnasverse width improved post RME, tongue posture improved to a more downward and forward position significantly. Apnea-Hypopnea Index reduced leading to improvement in sleep parameters and its associated signs and symptoms. Post RME, changes in the maxillary transverse width also improved the anatomical relationship of the associated muscle attachments especially the tensor and levator palatani muscle attachments, thereby improving the conductive hearing loss in the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This prospective study was designed to assess whether patients with skeletal deformities show characteristic masseter inhibitory reflex (MIR) and blink reflex (BR) patterns. A secondary aim was to investigate whether these reflexes change following bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO)., Materials and Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients who underwent single-jaw BSSO and 14 class I subjects who constituted the control group were enrolled into the study. MIR and BR, obtained by the stimulation of supraorbital (SBR) and mental nerves (MBR), were electrophysiologically recorded. Sensory impairment in the mental nerve distribution was clinically tested. Three evaluation periods were specified as immediately before (T0), 1 month (T1) and 6 months (T2) after surgery., Results: MIR early silent period duration was significantly shorter in the patients at T0 (p < 0.001). Sensory deficits developed on 23 sides after BSSO, of which, 17 recovered after 6 months. At T1, MBR was inelicitable bilaterally in 3 patients and unilaterally in 2 patients. These responses were still unrecordable bilaterally in 1 patient, and unilaterally in 4 patients at T2. MIR were unrecordable on 18 sides at T1 and recovered on 11 sides at T2. There were no parallels between the clinical sensory deficits and the abnormal results of the reflexes., Conclusions: Shorter MIR in patients with dentofacial abnormalities may be a reflection of an adapted trigeminal reflex mechanism. Although MBR and MIR abnormalities do not develop parallel to the clinical sensory deficits, their course might provide insights into the disturbed trigeminal reflex pathways., (© 2021. Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)