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In the 21st century, education places significant emphasis on developing scientific argumentation as a crucial skill. Teaching these skills requires an instructional design that allows students to construct and critique arguments actively, support claims with evidence and reasoning, and then reject opposing claims and evidence. Debate based on inquiry learning (DBOIL) is an innovative learning model that was developed and is believed to be able to facilitate these things. This research seeks to assess the influence of implementing DBOIL on enhancing students' skills in scientific argumentation. This research employed a one-group pretest-posttest design, with normalized change analysis and paired t-test. Research findings indicate that the implementation of DBOIL has demonstrably improved scientific argumentation skills, with a notable 76.67% of students exhibiting improvement in the high category. Other findings show that each phase of DBOIL significantly contributes to increasing the achievement of indicators of scientific argumentation. To maintain the reliability of DBOIL in enhancing students' skills in scientific argumentation, conducting future research on a broader scale is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observation results on the south coast of Jember show that there are differences in the characteristics of groundwater in several residents' dug wells, namely some are fresh and brackish. Based on the findings of these problems, the aim of this research is to analyze and map soil quality based on quality standards with geological observations on the south coast of Jember. This research uses quantitative methods through surveys to determine the quality of groundwater used for drinking water in the Jember South Coastal Area with the parameters tested including TDS, odor, taste, pH, sulfate, chloride and hardness. The results of groundwater quality on the southern coast of Jember Regency show that based on the test results of physical parameters and chemical parameters, most of the air samples are of drinking quality. The results of groundwater quality mapping with geological observations based on the Jember geological map sheet show that 47 km2 (17,8%) of non-drinkable areas are located on alluvial plains interspersed with puger formations in the form of limestone which has high porosity and permeability and 227 km2 (82,2%) the potable area is located in geological interbeds of sandstone and clay with low porosity and permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the bank in applying the precautionary principle contributes to ensuring a sound banking system and protecting the country's economy. In lending, the precautionary principle was manifested in a standard agreement between the bank as the creditor and the customer as the debtor. Credit agreements can lead to disputes, where the debtor sues the bank for violating the principle of consumer protection because it applies standard clauses in the credit agreement. The research method used is legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach). The results state that the application of the precautionary principle in making standard agreements manifests itself in the prohibition of financial service business actors including exoneration clauses to the detriment of financial service consumers as stipulated in Article 18 paragraph (1) of the Consumer Protection Act and OJK Regulation No. 6/POJK.07/Tahun 2022 concerning Consumer and Community Protection in the Financial Services Sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines seawater intrusion in the southern part of Kebumen District, focusing on the impact of various geological formations on groundwater salinity. Groundwater samples were systematically collected from 11 locations representing alluvial, volcanic, coastal sediment, and karst geological conditions. The samples were analyzed for major ions, including calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-), as well as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Ion ratios such as Mg2+/Ca2+, Cl-/HCO3-, and Mg2+/(Mg2++Ca2+), along with the Fraction of Seawater (fsea), were calculated to assess the extent of seawater intrusion. The study employed the Gibbs diagram method to identify the primary processes controlling groundwater chemistry, revealing that water-rock interactions are dominant in most samples, particularly in those affected by seawater intrusion. The results indicate significant seawater intrusion in alluvial and karst regions, especially at sampling points TP 2, TP 4, and TP 10, while volcanic and coastal sediment areas show minimal intrusion. These findings underscore the critical influence of geological conditions on seawater intrusion and highlight the need for targeted groundwater management strategies. Further research focusing on long-term monitoring is recommended to better understand and mitigate the impacts of seawater intrusion in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal areas are vulnerable to seawater intrusion. This research focused on the south coast of Jember Regency to analyze the distribution of salinity levels and suitability for agricultural irrigation. The research was a quantitative research, field survey method to analyze salinity level using parameter EC (Electrical Conductivity), and irrigation suitability using parameter (TDS, SAR, & %Na). Analyze the distribution of irrigation suitability samples using Wilcox and USSL diagrams, and visualized in maps using IDW interpolation. Salinity level is dominated by medium class with a total of 47 samples, and interpolation results are dominated by medium class with an area of 15,648 ha. Irrigation suitability based on the Wilcox diagram shows the dominance of samples in the good class totaling 7 samples, with interpolated %Na dominated by the excellent class with an area of 14,122 ha. Analysis of irrigation suitability based on USSL diagram is dominated by medium class (C3-S1) with a total of 7 samples, and SAR interpolation results are dominated by excellent class with an area of 26,209 ha. Analysis of irrigation suitability based on TDS parameters is dominated by the class none risk with a total of 57 samples, with interpolation results dominated by the class none risk with an area of 25,663 ha. Mapping provides an overview of salinity and irrigation suitability in the study area. These findings can be the basis for more efficient water management in coastal areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater intrusion often occurs in shoreline areas closest to alluvium rock lithology and is caused by excessive groundwater exploration. In Pesanggaran Banyuwangi, saline groundwater was found at approximately 8000 m from the shoreline. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of seawater intrusion based on rock lithology, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Pesanggaran, Banyuwangi. A descriptive-quantitative survey method was used to assess groundwater quality based on EC, TDS, and spatial distribution parameters. Interpolation with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method was used to map seawater intrusion and its relationship to each parameter. The results showed that moderate-saline groundwater was found in several areas far from the coast with volcanic rock lithology, namely Kalibaru formations (Qpvk) and limestone lithology at Batuampar formation. Groundwater in shoreline areas (Alluvium) was dominated by freshwater due to the deposition process found in alluvium lithology, which could form an aquifer with high quantity. Saline groundwater in Batuampar and Kalibaru formations showed salt minerals flushing related to shallow marine deposition since the tertiary period. In conclusion, Pesanggaran Subdistrict had uneven spatial distribution, and no significant relationship with distance from the shoreline, but it was related to the deformation process for each lithology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]