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The rhizosphere of a plant is home to helpful microorganisms called plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which play a crucial role in promoting plant growth and development. The significance of PGPR for long-term agricultural viability is outlined in this review. Plant growth processes such as nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and hormone secretion are discussed. Increased plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, reduced use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and enhanced nutrient availability, soil fertility, and absorption are all mentioned as potential benefits of PGPR. PGPR has multiple ecological and practical functions in the soil’s rhizosphere. One of PGPR’s various roles in agroecosystems is to increase the synthesis of phytohormones and other metabolites, which have a direct impact on plant growth. Phytopathogens can be stopped in their tracks, a plant’s natural defenses can be bolstered, and so on. PGPR also helps clean up the soil through a process called bioremediation. The PGPR’s many functions include indole acetic acid (IAA) production, ammonia (NH3) production, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production, catalase production, and more. In addition to aiding in nutrient uptake, PGPR controls the production of a hormone that increases root size and strength. Improving crop yield, decreasing environmental pollution, and guaranteeing food security are only some of the ecological and economic benefits of employing PGPR for sustainable agriculture.

The physical environment of schools is an important factor affecting students' learning. Appropriate educational institutions must be provided. It meets the various reasons for change, and the educational environment must enjoy durability with its spaces and ability to adapt to new jobs and activities. Reducing the surface area of the structure, the research problem was that the available studies did not accurately determine the role of some design characteristics (Proximity characteristic) in achieving compact entity (as an indicator of functional Durability), and the possibility of applying these characteristics to local primary school models. The aim of the research is to (determine the role of that feature and the procedures available to the designer in absorbing the change in the buildings of the elected primary schools), and conduct a special practical experiment in addition to a generative program that works with algorithms (Dynamo); to ensure the impartiality of the results, the research found that the convergence property has a prominent role in maintaining On the compactness entity of the schools, and therefore the convergence property can be relied on in the architectural programming stage for the ease and accuracy of measuring that feature at that stage of the design process.

To evaluate the effects of different concentrations of salicylic acid and nano iron chelate on the mucilage and carbohydrate values as well as some morpho-physiological traits of Viola aodorata L. species, a factorial experiment was defined based on randomized complete block design with three replications. After planting the seeds in pots, experimental treatments included foliar application of salicylic acid at three levels (0, 0.75 and 1.5 mg / L) as well as nano iron chelate at two levels (0 and 1 g / L) was applied at seedling stage. According to the results, the highest amounts of carotenoid, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b as well as the total chlorophyll, protein and catalase were observed in specimen treated with 1.5 mg / L salicylic acid. Moreover, the highest amounts of sodium, copper, mucilage and fresh plant weight were detected in specimen treated with 1g / L iron nano chelate. The results also demonstrated that the highest amount of carbohydrate was found in specimen treated with 1.5 mg / L salicylic acid and 1 g / L nano-iron chelate. In this investigation, the foliar application of salicylic acid (1.5 mg / L) and iron nano chelate (1 g / L) led to a 12 and 19 percent increase in the plant height compared to the untreated sample, respectively. Therefore, treatment with salicylic acid and nano-iron chelate could be recommended to increase the growth and medicinal properties of this plant species.