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Samah I Abohamr,1,2 Mohammad O Kattea,3 Rami M Abazid,4 Mubarak A Aldossari,2 Nayef Al Asiri,2 Ayman Uthman Alhussini,2 Khalid I Al Hussaini,5 Glowi A Alasiri,6 Asghar Ali,7 Eman Elsheikh1,8 1Department of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 2Chairman of cardiology services, Mouwasat medical group, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia; 3Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY, USA; 4Internal Medicine Department, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Northern Ontario Medical School University (NOSM), Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada; 5Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 4233-13317, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 4233-13317, Saudi Arabia; 7Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; 8Internal Medicine Department, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Khalid I Al Hussaini, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 4233-13317, Saudi Arabia, Email kialhussaini@imamu.edu.sa Asghar Ali, Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India, Email asgharali@jamiahamdard.ac.inPurpose: COVID-19 is a new disease caused by the recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus. The COVID-19 disease manifests in several ways and it may affect various systems, including the gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiovascular, and pulmonary systems. Individuals who have ad-additional health conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders, are particularly more likely to experience illness and death. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of COVID-19 on myocardial injury, as measured by troponin elevation, and to determine if this effect has an impact on the outcome.Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at King Saud Medical City. The electronic medical records used to identify all admitted patients between March 23 and June 15, 2020, with a laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 diagnosis who had troponin I measured.Results: During the study period, 768 COVID-19-positive patients were hospitalized. Of those, 187 patients were excluded because the troponin level was not measured. The remaining 581 (75.7%) had troponin I measured. Overall, 89 of 581 (15.3%) patients died. Of those, 67.8% were in the markedly elevated cTnI group, 8.5% were in the mildly elevated cTnI group, whereas no deaths were reported in the group with normal cTnI levels.Conclusion: Myocardial injury was observed in COVID-19-admitted patients at a significant level that warrants attention to this consequence. In older individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities, the diagnosis of myocardial injury was linked to a higher likelihood of being admitted to the intensive care unit, experiencing a worse prognosis, and ultimately, death.Keywords: myocardial infarction, cardiovascular comorbidities, ARDS, biomarker, cytokine storm, risk stratification

Bioluminescence has been a fascinating natural phenomenon of light emission from living creatures. It happens when the enzyme luciferase facilitates the oxidation of luciferin, resulting in the creation of an excited-state species that emits light. Although there are many bioluminescent systems, few have been identified. D-luciferin-dependent systems, coelenterazine-dependent systems, Cypridina luciferin-based systems, tetrapyrrole-based luciferins, bacterial bioluminescent systems, and fungal bioluminescent systems are natural bioluminescent systems. Since different bioluminescence systems, such as various combinations of luciferin-luciferase pair reactions, have different light emission wavelengths, they benefit industrial applications such as drug discovery, protein-protein interactions, in vivo imaging in small animals, and controlling neurons. Due to the expression of luciferase and easy permeation of luciferin into most cells and tissues, bioluminescence assays are applied nowadays with modern technologies in most cell and tissue types. It is a versatile technique in a variety of biomedical research. Furthermore, there are some investigated blue-sky research projects, such as bioluminescent plants and lamps. This review article is mainly based on the theory of diverse bioluminescence systems and their past, present, and future applications.

This paper presents a novel low-cost phosphate glass preparation by using the melt quenching technique. It was investigated for use in diagnostic protective applications. The range of UV-VIS wavelength is used to estimate the optical energy gap. The MAC denotes the mass attenuation coefficients of the present glass were computed at low photon energies between 15 and 200 KeV using the MIKE program. The manufactured glasses parameters viz; the mean free path, half value layer, tenth value layer, effective atomic number, effective electron density, and linear attenuation coefficient denotes as follows; MFP, HVL, TVL, Zeff, Neff and LAC were determined. Furthermore, the molar volume, oxygen molar volume, and optical packing density of fabricated glass were assessed. The third-order susceptibility (χ(3) and non-linear refractive index of the present glass were determined. From previous results, it can be concluded that the glass has unique attenuation characteristics, therefore, can be used for radiation protection at low energy 15 to 200 KeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanide toxicity in water significantly threatens public health and the environment. To address this, a miniaturized simple, low-cost, selective and sensitive direct dual wave β-correction spectrophotometric probe has been established for cyanide detection in water. The dual-wavelength β-correction spectrophotometry enhances the selectivity and sensitivity of the probe in the presence of interfering species. The assay relies a highly selective nucleophilic addition of cyanide ions to dithizone (H 2 Dz) as chromogenic reagent in aqueous media of pH 6.8-7.2, forming a red-colored cyano H 2 Dz adduct. The electronic spectrum of the formed adduct displays a sharp absorption peak at λ max  = 480 nm, enabling precise colorimetric detection. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity index for the cyano H 2 Dz adduct with and without β-correction spectrophotometry were 5.62 × 10 3 , and 1.79 × 10 3 L mol - 1 cm - 1 , and 0.002 and 0.0033 µg cm - 2 , respectively. Beer's law and Ringbom's plots are valid in the range 0.01-5.0 and 0.06-2.0 µg mL - 1 CN - concentration, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) improved from 1.03 × 10 -1 and 3.13 × 10 -1 μg/mL using ordinary spectrophotometry to 2.8 × 10 -2  = 2.78) at 95 % probability (n = 5). The stoichiometry and mechanism of formation of the cyano adduct were assigned and addressed.-2 μg mL -1 employing β-correction spectrophotometry. The probe offers rapid response, good anti-interference ability, reproducibility, and cost-effectiveness. The probe was successfully applied for detection of trace levels of cyanide ions in water with good repeatability. It has been also validated in water samples with good recoveries (99.2 ± 5.02 %). The experimental Student t test (t exp  = 1.2-1.5) was lower than the critical (t exp  = 2.78) at 95 % probability (n = 5). The stoichiometry and mechanism of formation of the cyano adduct were assigned and addressed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)