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Background: Since the COVID-19 epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) in 2019, with over 376 and 5.7 million people have contracted the disease and died as a result. Objective: This research evaluated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 immunization and its risks factors among healthcare professionals working in Pakistan. Methods: Healthcare professionals who received the Covid-19 vaccine at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, between June 2021 and May 2022 were the subject of the research. It was determined whether there was a significant connection between the distinct factors and the result variables using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression (MBLR) models. Results: One or more adverse effects were experienced by 198 (55.73%) of the healthcare employees who received the Covid-19 immunization. Fever, Headache, Myalgia, Tiredness, Injected site pain and dizziness (n=158; 44.63%, n=135; 38.13%, n=109; 30.79%, n=98; 27.68%, n=92; 25.98%, n=86; 24.29%; respectively) made up the bulk of the adverse effects. Healthcare professionals with less than eight years of employment (AOR: 3.47, 95% CI, 1.23-9.69), hesitancy to receive the Covid-19 vaccine's 1st dose (AOR: 3.11, 95% CI, 1.71-4.88), taking antihypertensive drugs (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39), and immunization safety is viewed as being insecurely.

PurposeThe study was initiated to test the relationship of social media site addiction on librarians' performance. Furthermore, the study also tested the mediating role of task distraction and moderating role of effective self-control in aforesaid relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis was an empirical study, and data for the research were collected through a standardized questionnaire from 503 librarians who were having Facebook accounts and are questionnaire developed through “Google Forms” and the link of the questionnaire was distributed using Facebook groups. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation, Baron and Kenny's approach, and Normal Test Theory.FindingsResults indicate that social media addiction is an important factor for that is reducing librarians' performance. At the same time task distraction also adds to negative impact of social media addiction on librarians' performance. However, effective self-control can reduce the negative impact of social media addiction on their performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has some important theoretical as well as practical implications for librarians, library management, and well as for policy makers and government.Originality/valueSocial media is commonly used for communication but when it becomes addiction, it can reduce the employees' performance. Most of existing researched focused on positive aspects of social media; only few researches explored the negative impacts of social media. The proposed relationship was never tested on librarians. This study filled this literature gap and proposed as well as empirically tested a model for evaluating negative impact of social media on librarians' performance.

The success of businesses is now mostly dependent on e-learning methods as these methods are a rapidly growing innovative technology. Blockchain technology has also been considered to have the ability to change businesses. Therefore, this research aims to explore the direct influence of e-learning on the effectiveness of privacy and security in electronics manufacturing. This study also examines the considerable mediating role of the adoption of blockchain technology between e-learning and privacy and security. Furthermore, the current research investigates how digital orientation moderates the association between e-learning and privacy and security. For the collection of data, the cross-sectional research design and random sampling technique were used, and data were gathered from employees of electronics manufacturing firms in Pakistan through questionnaires. The working response rate of the study was 70%. The findings proved that e-learning plays a considerable role in boosting the privacy and security of electronics manufacturers. The results also demonstrate that the adoption of blockchain technology mediates and digital orientation moderates the link between e-learning and privacy and security. This study adds to the better understanding of management by presenting the significant role of e-learning and blockchain technology in improving the efficiency of privacy and security for electronics manufacturing firms.

Through the innovation network (IN) and the use of artificial intelligence (AI), this study aims to look into the innovation performance (IP) of the healthcare industry. Digital innovation (DI) is also tested as a mediator. For the collection of data, cross-sectional methods and quantitative research designs were used. To test the study hypotheses, the SEM technique and multiple regression technique were used. Results reveal that AI and the innovation network support the attainment of innovation performance. The finding demonstrates that the relationship between INs and IP links and AI adoption and IP links is mediated through DI. The healthcare industry plays a vital role in facilitating public health and improving the living standards of the people. This sector’s growth and development are largely dependent on its innovativeness. This study highlights the major determinants of IP in the healthcare industry in terms of IN and AI adoption. This study adds to the literature’s knowledge via an innovative proposal in which the mediation role of DI among IN-IP and AI adoption-innovation links is investigated.

Biohydrogen (bioH2) is a sustainable energy source that can produce carbon-free energy upon combustion.

This paper examines the direct relationship between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. This study also investigates the mediating role of service innovation and the moderating role of knowledge-sharing between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. This is quantitative research, and cross-sectional data were collected from hotels and tourism firms through adapted scales. The results show that business ethics diffusion and innovation performance are directly linked. Service innovation acts as a mediator between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. Findings also demonstrate that knowledge-sharing moderates significantly between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. Service innovation performs a crucial role in enhancing the innovation abilities of the hospitality and tourism industry. The current study shows that knowledge-sharing enhances the effects of business ethics diffusion on innovation performance. The theoretical model enlightens the critical role of business ethics diffusion in promoting a high level of service innovation among individuals to boost innovation performance for the hospitality and tourism industry.

Contains fulltext : 291657.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF drugs, such as infliximab, are associated with attenuated antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We aimed to determine how the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab affect vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against highly transmissible omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.1, and BA.4 and BA.5 (hereafter BA.4/5) SARS-CoV-2 variants, which possess the ability to evade host immunity and, together with emerging sublineages, are now the dominating variants causing current waves of infection. METHODS: CLARITY IBD is a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study investigating the effect of infliximab and vedolizumab on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients aged 5 years and older with a diagnosis of IBD and being treated with infliximab or vedolizumab for 6 weeks or longer were recruited from infusion units at 92 hospitals in the UK. In this analysis, we included participants who had received uninterrupted biological therapy since recruitment and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5 after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the risk of breakthrough infection in relation to neutralising antibody titres. The study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN45176516, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between Sept 22 and Dec 23, 2020, 7224 patients with IBD were recruited to the CLARITY IBD study, of whom 1288 had no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and were established on either infliximab (n=871) or vedolizumab (n=417) and included in this study (median age was 46·1 years [IQR 33·6-58·2], 610 [47·4%] were female, 671 [52·1%] were male, 1209 [93·9%] were White, and 46 [3·6%] were Asian). After three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 50% neutralising titres (NT50s) were significantly lower in patients treated with infliximab than in those treated with vedolizumab, against wild-type (geometric mean 2062 [95% CI 1720-2473] vs 3440 [2939-4026]; p

Objective: To compare the hepatotoxicity in Leflunomide vs Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted from Jun 2021 to Mar 2022 at Department of Rheumatology and immunology Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Methodology: Inclusion criteria were any patient aged between 18-70 years males and females. Patients who were diagnosed with RA according to ACR criteria 2010. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, Known case of hepatitis B or C, patients having known hypersensitivity to DMARDS. Group A (MTX) of 150 patients received 20 mg/week of MTX and Group B (LEF) of 150 patients received 20mg/day of LEF. The collected data was analyzed on (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: 40 patients were excluded from study. Mean age of patients in Group A (MTX) was 52.73±9.34 years and in Group B (LEF) it was 51.15 + 9.79 years. 44 patients (33.8%) of group A which were given MTX developed GI symptoms while 22 patients (16.9%) of group B who were given LEF developed GI symptoms. Similarly hepatotoxicity was seen in 15 patients (11.5%) of MTX group while 27 patients (20.8%) of LEF group developed hepatotoxicity which was statistically significant (p = 0.04). 5 patients (3.8%) of LEF developed liver fibrosis. Conclusion: We conclude that most LEF with rapid onset of action is quicker in reducing symptoms of RA patients and is associated with high degree of hepatotoxicity with low liver fibrosis when compared with MTX. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, LEF, MTX, Rheumatoid arthritis

Demand for clean energy has increased due to the proliferation of climate change impact from excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the combustion of fossil fuels. H2 is a clean energy source since water vapor is the only byproduct after its combustion. Growing microalgae offers a promising low-energy and low-cost approach for bioH2 production. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed for the production of H2 using microalgae to evaluate the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of the dataset. In addition, a scoping review of articles was conducted to highlight recent advancements and identify future research recommendations. A total of 184 relevant publications over 23 years (2000–2022) were retrieved from the Scopus database for analysis. The results demonstrated an exponential increase in citations from 283 to 996 in the last decade, indicating the interest in bioH2 production from microalgae. Results also revealed that the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy accounted for more than 25% of the published articles, of which China contributed almost 28%. Oxygen sensitivity of the H2ase enzyme and sulfur deprivation were highlighted as the main limiting factors of bioH2 production using microalgae. It was also evident that the most widely studied microalgae species were green algae, especially Chlamydomonas and Chlorella. Effective process modifications, particularly hybridizing microalgae with bacteria consortium and implementing oxygen regulating strategies, were shown to give up to a 10-fold increase in H2 yield. This study also discusses recent developments in technologies, strategies, microalgal species, and optimizing controlling factors affecting bioH2 production.

The biodesalination potential at different levels of salinity of Phormidium keutzingianum (P. keutzingianum) was investigated. A wide range of salinity from brackish to hypersaline water was explored in this study to ensure the adaptability of P. keutzingianum in extreme stress conditions. Brackish to hypersaline salt solutions were tested at selected NaCl concentrations 10, 30, 50, and 70 g.L

Phormidium keutzingianum performed biodesalination of brackish water (10 g/L). The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to evaluate the salt concentration over 80 days of cyanobacterial inoculation. Anion concentrations were measured using ion chromatography to estimate salt removal. EC-based measurements showed ∼8–10% removal efficiency in the first 20 days. However, the removal efficiency based on chloride ion concentration showed ∼40% removal in the same time frame. The pH increase was observed with growth of algal biomass. The increasing pH proposes the formation of hydroxyl and carbonate ions. Sulfuric acid was added at day 110 to neutralize them. At pH 4, the EC reduced significantly to about ∼37% confirming the chloride removal. EC should not be used to measure salt reduction as it is an obscure parameter, and therefore, EC is not the best choice to measure salinity removal using algae. Some recently published studies used only EC to estimate biodesalination, and it is anticipated that salt removal is misrepresented in those studies.

Algae is an appropriate natural resource to augment the optimal use of undesired ions in water and wastewater. Increasing algal cells, the consumption of particular ions, including chloride, nitrate, phosphate, and ammonium, provides a suitable way to optimize water treatment processes. Different algal species have the capability to survive in extreme salinities by developing resistance against osmotic pressure in saline water. The current study reviews the effect of salinity on algal biomass production, algal growth rate, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonium ions. Mainly algae cultivated in freshwater, synthetic brackish water, seawater, and hypersaline water, were studied for this review. Various ion uptake mechanisms used by the algal cell are summarized, focusing on biosorption and bioaccumulation processes. Critical parameters such as light intensity, pH, and temperature variations significantly influence ion and nutrients uptake efficiencies. Analysis performed on collected data indicated that halophytic algae could survive in high salinities at elevated growth rates compared to freshwater. The halotolerant algal species showed an inclining trend of chloride ion removal with an elimination capacity of 7.5 g.m−3.h−1. Moreover, the nitrate uptake rate in halophytic algae is 10-folds higher to phosphate, regardless of salinity level. It could be concluded that microalgae will be beneficial for ion and nutrient uptake processes in treating high saline water.