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Djibril Diop Mambety's 1994 film Le Franc explores experiences of disruption and powerlessness caused by monetary devaluation. This paper examines the cinematic grammars of Mambety's film as they relate to currency devaluation. The CFA franc was devalued by 50 percent on January 12, 1994. The devaluation, imposed on countries in the franc zone, represents an instrument of financial control that restrains their monetary sovereignty, perpetuating vestiges of imperialism. Analyzing Mambety's cinematic language, I offer a reading of his film through these economic structures. He works against the forms of temporal disruption introduced by processes of financialization in general and by the devaluation in particular. Ultimately, by embracing the future-past tense, Mambety reaches into a future that has still yet to come, wresting comedy and even hope out of intolerable economic and social realities and offering a radical vision of possibility in the midst of degradation., On January 12, 1994, without any prior warning, the CFA franc was devalued by 50 percent. The devaluation and its reverberating consequences became the historical backdrop in which the final [...]

This article provides an overview of the current status of Abdulrazak Gurnah in Chinese literary and academic circles. Although Gurnah won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, recognition and translation of his works in China are still in their infancy. Gurnah is regarded as an expert in postcolonial literature in China and is frequently cited in related research articles. However, it was not until 2013 that some of his short stories were officially translated into Chinese, and none of his ten novels have been translated into Chinese so far. Research on Gurnah in China has only provided brief descriptions of his literary works or reviewed the status of his research in China and internationally. After Gurnah won the Nobel Prize, newspaper reports and research articles focused on his role as an immigrant and diasporic writer, triggering an upsurge in recognition of his importance. It is hoped that translations of Gurnah's works in China can be promoted to enrich people's understanding of African and postcolonial literature., Abdulrazak Gurnah (1948-) was born in Zanzibar, which is one part of the United Republic of Tanzania in eastern Africa. He received his doctoral degree at the University of Kent [...]

The following article examines the treatment of subjectivity in Alain Mabanckou's Blue White Red and African Psycho from an African postmodernist perspective. My argument is that this Afrodiasporic writer from the Republic of Congo localizes in a postcolonial context the postmodernist motif of fragmented subjectivity in order to critique the psychological effects of enforced modernity on the protagonists of the two novels, namely Massala-Massala and Gregoire Nabomakoyo, respectively. In developing this argument, I show how the former's immigrant experiences in Paris and the latter's traumatic childhood in the fictitious Congolese city of He-Who-Drinks-Water-Is-An-Idiot reduce their respective selves to a flux of personalities. In other words, the two protagonists display conflicting personalities and so their selfhood, indeed their self-perception, is always in a process of perpetual deferment, uncertainty, instability, and indeterminacy. As I proceed, it will become clear that their fragmented subjectivities manifest in self-contradictions and ambivalent adoption of criminal identities., I Alain Mabanckou's debut novel, Blue White Red, and its immediate successor, African Psycho, register his formative critique of the psychological effects of French colonial legacy and Congolese postcolonial governance. [...]

This study examines the ironic vision in Musa Idris Okpanachi's debut volume of poetry titled The Eaters of the Living. The study argues that owing to pervasive disillusionment of third world writers with the appalling sociopolitical and economic conditions of their societies, African writers, in their quest for social renaissance, tend to evolve different artistic media to historicize society. In this context, this exploration of Okpanachi's artistic vision is anchored on the poetics of irony through which the poet offers important sociopolitical commentaries on postcolonial Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines how the representations of the themes of leadership and marriage, respectively, animate Okpanachi's ironic vision in the text. The conclusion is that, through the use of this aesthetic medium, the poet is contributing to the discourse of nation-formation by critiquing the gross contradictions of postcolonial Nigerian experience., INTRODUCTION The history of Africa is undeniably implicated in what Femi Abodunrin describes as the "unending presence of disorder and disorder" (9). This unending state of chaos in Africa is [...]

Proverbs are normally classified as memorable statements that are full of insights, veracities, and scruples. They also embody traditional perceptions and sensitivities in a figurative, static, and easy to memorize format (Mieder, Proverbs Are Never Out of Season). Again, proverbs are philosophical products of careful observations. The aim is to examine and explore traditional portrayals of Akan women. Using nego-feminism, ten Akan proverbs about women are critically examined. The argument is advanced that though the specific contexts that necessitate the use of a particular proverb influence its meaning, careful scrutiny proves that Akans tend to present women as nego-feminist in some of their popular proverbs. Most of the proverbs can be interpreted as stating and implying the complementary role of the woman. The study reveals that women in traditional African societies are ascribed significant spheres of influence that cannot be undermined. This implies a recognition and appreciation of the role/place of women as worthy contributors to society. The conclusion is drawn that such representations of women belie the portrayal of the African woman as a beast of burden. The notion that nego-feminism is a theory that informs the lived experiences of the African woman is firmly established in these proverbs., 1. INTRODUCTION One unique feature about proverbs is that they are not meant to be understood literally. Their inherent meanings can only be deciphered through careful analysis. They are normally [...]

Like many Black intellectuals that came of age as apartheid was tightening its grip in the 1950s, Lewis Nkosi (1936-2010) left South Africa on a one-way ticket. Although he outlived apartheid and returned to his native land on and off after 1991, he lived abroad in the United States in the 1990s and in Europe in the 2000s. Although allied with the African National Congress in exile, he wrote skeptically about emphatic anti-apartheid writing. His essays from the 1950s on reflect his preference for cosmopolitan and experimental authors from Dostoyevsky to Kafka, in other words for modernism broadly speaking, and his creative writing reflects this preference in the ironic and satirical rather than the usual earnest treatment of the struggle. While several critics have noted this modernist preference, none have examined the influence of Black American authors on Nkosi's writing. This omission demands attention, as Nkosi's creative writing, especially drama for stage and radio, draws deeply from Black Americans, even when he steals themes, phrases, and characters without acknowledging sources. The Rhythm of Violence written and performed during his first US sojourn 1960-61, borrows style and phrasing from Black Beat poet Ted Joans, the radio drama "We Can't All Be Martin Luther King," broadcast on BBC 4 in 1971, lifts title and tone--unacknowledged--from activist-writer Julian Bond's ironic poem responding to expectations that all Black intellectuals emulate Dr. King, and The Black Psychiatrist borrows from the decidedly unironic Black nationalist Amiri Baraka. Like Bond and essayist James Baldwin, Nkosi balanced a commitment to struggle--in his case, presenting Black African and Caribbean writers to the BBC and to readers abroad--with an ironic attitude to what he called the absurdity of apartheid and other forms of racism., Like many African intellectuals who came of age as apartheid was tightening its grip, Lewis Nkosi (1936-2010) left South Africa on a one-way ticket, in his case for the United [...]

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the Sport Education Model on college students' well-being and motivation in physical education (PE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthy college students (49.8% female; 50.2% male; N = 255; Mage = 18.87 [+ or -] 0.92 years) were recruited from two waves of data collection. The experimental group (n = 130) was enrolled in courses that implemented the Sport Education model. Comparisons were made to the control group (n = 125), which was enrolled in courses with direct instruction. Both groups engaged in a 15-week face-to-face intervention. Student motivation, goal orientation, perceived climate, self-efficacy in exercise, perceived stress, and psychological distress were measured through an omnibus electronic questionnaire at pre- and posttest. A series of 2 (group) x 2 (time) mixed factorial multivariate analyses of variance and analyses of variance with follow-up post hoc analysis demonstrated small-to-moderate effects for the intervention. Intrinsic motivation (interest enjoyment and effort importance), task orientation, and task-involving climate significantly increased from pre- to posttest in the Sport Education group. Mental wellness improved, and psychological distress symptoms and perceived stress decreased significantly from pre- to posttest for both groups. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of implementing Sport Education in creating a student-centered, task-involving climate and cultivating college students' motivation in PE. Engaging in face-to-face PE sessions is likely to improve college students' well-being in COVID-19 era., Accumulating evidence shows that students transitioning into higher education are at risk due to significant declines in physical activity (PA) participation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) and motivation [...]

Thelazia callipaeda eyeworm was considered an exotic parasite in North America until an autochthonous case was reported in a dog from New York, USA, in 2020 (1). T. callipaeda eyeworm [...]

Echinostomiasis is a disease caused by infection with echinostome flukes (Echinostomatidae) and is characterized by intestinal inflammation accompanied by mucosal ulceration and bleeding (1,2). Echinostomiasis, a typical example of a [...]

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing globally and have thus become pathogens of substantial public health concern (1). However, because of scarce public health reporting, little is known about epidemiologic [...]

Persons living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have experienced disproportionate illnesses and deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic. By June 2020, >50,000 COVID-19 deaths had occurred in LTCF residents in the [...]

The traditional view of restricted diversity among bacterial agents causing human and animal tuberculosis is being revised thanks to wide use of wholegenome sequencing (WGS). Besides Mycobacterium canettii, representative of [...]

Tuberculosis (TB) causes more deaths worldwide than any other infectious disease. Progress in reducing the global burden of TB stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic; an estimated 10.6 million persons became [...]

In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, most countries adopted vaccination policies on the basis of clinical trial outcomes and scientific evidence for vaccine procurement and policy planning frameworks. Studies [...]

At the heart of this matter is the eye-popping and contentious difference in the results of 2 teams analyzing ostensibly the same data set, with one team reporting an estimated [...]

Abstract: I provide an analysis of sentences of the form ‘To be F is to be G’ in terms of exact truth-maker semantics—an approach that identifies the meanings of sentences with the states of the world directly responsible for their truth-values. Roughly, I argue that these sentences hold just in case that which makes something F also makes it G. This approach is hyperintensional and possesses desirable logical and modal features. In particular, these sentences are reflexive, transitive, and symmetric, and if they are true, then they are necessarily true, and it is necessary that all and only Fs are Gs. I motivate my account over Correia and Skiles’ [11] prominent alternative and close by defining an irreflexive and asymmetric notion of analysis in terms of the symmetric and reflexive notion.

Objective To examine inequalities in the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions in low- and middle- income countries and territories using a composite index of socioeconomic deprivation status. Methods We obtained data on education and living standards from national household surveys conducted between 2015 and 2019 to calculate socioeconomic deprivation status. We assessed the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions, using three indicators: (i) demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods; (ii) women who received antenatal care in at least four visits; and (iii) the presence of a skilled attendant at delivery. Absolute and relative inequalities were evaluated both directly and using the slope index of inequality and the concentration index. Findings In the 73 countries and territories with available data, the median proportions of deprivation were 41% in the low-income category, 11% in the lower-middle-income category and less than 1% in the upper-middle- income category. The coverage analysis, conducted for 48 countries with sufficient data, showed consistently lower median coverage among deprived households across all health indicators. The coverage of skilled attendant at delivery showed the largest inequalities, where coverage among the socioeconomically deprived was substantially lower in almost all countries. Antenatal care visits and demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods also showed significant disparities, favouring the less deprived population. Conclusion The findings highlight persistent disparities in the coverage of reproductive and maternal health interventions, requiring efforts to reduce those disparities and improve coverage, particularly for skilled attendant at delivery. Objectif Examiner les inegalites dans la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle dans les pays et territoires a revenu faible et intermediaire a l'aide d'un indice composite du statut de privation socioeconomique. Methodes Nous avons obtenu des donnees sur l'education et les niveaux de vie a partir d'enquetes nationales sur les menages menees entre 2015 et 2019 pour calculer le statut de privation socioeconomique. Nous avons evalue la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle a l'aide de trois indicateurs: (i) une demande de planification familiale satisfaite avec des methodes modernes; (ii) le fait que les femmes recoivent des soins prenatals lors d'au moins quatre visites; et (iii) la presence de personnel qualifie present lors de l'accouchement. Les inegalites absolues et relatives ont ete evaluees a la fois directement et a l'aide de l'indice de pente et l'indice de concentration des inegalites. Resultats Dans les 73 pays et territoires pour lesquels des donnees sont disponibles, les proportions medianes de privation etaient de 41% dans la categorie a faibles revenus, de 11% dans la categorie a revenus moyens inferieurs et de moins de 1% dans la categorie des revenus moyens superieurs. L'analyse de cette couverture, menee dans 48 pays disposant de donnees suffisantes, a mis en evidence que la couverture mediane etait systematiquement plus faible dans les menages defavorises pour tous les indicateurs de sante. La couverture de personnel qualifie present lors de l'accouchement est celle qui presente les inegalites les plus importantes, le chiffre pour les menages defavorises etant nettement inferieur dans presque tous les pays. Les visites de soins prenatals et la demande en planning familial satisfait par des methodes modernes ont egalement indique des disparites considerables, en faveur des populations moins demunies. Conclusion Les resultats mettent en evidence des disparites persistantes dans la couverture des interventions de sante reproductive et maternelle, ce qui necessite des efforts pour reduire ces disparites et ameliorer la couverture, en particulier en ce qui concerne l'accouchement assiste par du personnel qualifie. Objetivo Estudiar las desigualdades en la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna en paises y territorios de ingresos bajos y medios mediante un indice compuesto del nivel de privacion socioeconomica. Metodos Se obtuvieron datos sobre el nivel educativo y de vida a partir de encuestas nacionales de hogares realizadas entre 2015 y 2019 para calcular el estado de privacion socioeconomica. Se evaluo la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna mediante tres indicadores: (i) demanda de planificacion familiar satisfecha con metodos modernos; (ii) mujeres que recibieron atencion prenatal en al menos cuatro visitas; y (iii) presencia de personal calificado para atender partos. Las desigualdades absolutas y relativas se evaluaron directamente y mediante el indice de pendiente de la desigualdad y el indice de concentracion. Resultados En los 73 paises y territorios con datos disponibles, los porcentajes medios de privacion eran del 41% en la categoria de ingresos bajos, del 11% en la de ingresos medios-bajos y de menos del 1% en la de ingresos medios-altos. El analisis de la cobertura, que se realizo en 48 paises con datos suficientes, mostro una cobertura mediana sistematicamente inferior entre los hogares desfavorecidos en todos los indicadores de salud. La cobertura de personal calificado para atender partos mostro las mayores desigualdades, ya que la cobertura entre las personas socioeconomicamente desfavorecidas fue sustancialmente inferior en casi todos los paises. Las visitas de atencion prenatal y la demanda de planificacion familiar satisfecha con metodos modernos tambien mostraron diferencias significativas, favoreciendo a la poblacion menos desfavorecida. Conclusion Los resultados evidencian la persistencia de diferencias en la cobertura de las intervenciones de salud reproductiva y materna, lo que exige esfuerzos para reducir esas diferencias y mejorar la cobertura, en especial de personal calificado para la atencion de partos., Introduction Eliminating poverty in all its forms is the first of the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). (1) People living in conditions of poverty are likely to have fewer opportunities [...]

Background: In March 2020, Ontario instituted a lockdown to reduce spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Schools, recreational facilities, and nonessential businesses were closed. Restrictions were eased through 3 distinct stages over a 6-month period (March to September 2020). We aimed to determine the impact of each stage of the COVID-19 public health lockdown on the epidemiology of operative pediatric orthopedic trauma. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed comparing emergency department (ED) visits for orthopedic injuries and operatively treated orthopedic injuries at a level 1 pediatric trauma centre during each lockdown stage of the pandemic with caseloads during the same date ranges in 2019 (prepandemic). Further analyses were based on patients' demographic characteristics, injury severity, mechanism of injury, and anatomic location of injury. Results: Compared with the prepandemic period, ED visits decreased by 20% (1356 v. 1698, p < 0.001) and operative cases by 29% (262 v. 371, p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in the number of operative cases per day in stage 1 of the lockdown (1.3 v. 2.0, p < 0.001) and in stage 2 (1.7 v. 3.0; P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in stage 3 (2.4 v. 2.2, p = 0.35). A significant reduction in the number of playground injuries was seen in stage 1 (1 v. 62, p < 0.001) and stage 2 (6 v. 35, p < 0.001), and there was an increase in the number of self-propelled transit injuries (31 v. 10, p = 0.002) during stage 1. In stage 3, all patient demographic characteristics and all characteristics of operatively treated injuries resumed their prepandemic distributions. Conclusion: Provincial lockdown measures designed to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 significantly altered the volume and demographic characteristics of pediatric orthopedic injuries that required operative management. The findings from this study will serve to inform health system planning for future emergency lockdowns. Contexte : En mars 2020, l'Ontario a décrété des mesures de confinement afin de réduire la propagation du virus SRAS-CoV-2. Les écoles, les installations récréatives, et les commerces non essentiels ont dû fermer. Les restrictions ont été par la suite progressivement assouplies en 3 phases distinctes sur une période de 6 mois (de mars à septembre 2020). Notre objectif était de déterminer les répercussions épidémiologiques de chaque phase du confinement imposé par les autorités de santé publique sur la chirurgie orthopédique pédiatrique et traumatologique. Méthodes : Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte rétrospective pour comparer le nombre de consultations aux services d'urgence pour des blessures orthopédiques, traitées ou non en salle d'opération, dans des centres de traumatologie pédiatrique de niveau 1 pendant chaque phase de confinement avec le nombre de consultations pendant les mêmes périodes de l'année en 2019 (prépandémie). Nous avons effectué des analyses complémentaires en fonction des caractéristiques démographiques de la patientèle, ainsi que de la gravité, du mécanisme et de la localisation des blessures. Résultats : Comparativement à la période prépandémique, la fréquentation des services d'urgence a diminué de 20% (1356 c. 1698, p < 0,001) et le nombre d'interventions chirurgicales, de 29% (262 c. 371, p < 0,001). Nous avons constaté une baisse significative du nombre d'interventions chirurgicales lors de la phase 1 du confinement (1,3 c. 2,0, p < 0,001), ainsi que lors de la phase 2 (1,7 c. 3,0, p < 0,001), mais aucune différence significative n'a été observée lors de la phase 3 (2,4 c. 2,2, p = 0,35). Par ailleurs, nous avons constaté une baisse significative du nombre de blessures survenues sur des terrains de jeux durant la phase 1 (1 c. 62, p < 0,001) et la phase 2 (6 c. 35, p < 0,001), alors que le nombre de blessures occasionnées par des véhicules automoteurs a augmenté (31 c. 10, p = 0,002) lors de la phase 1. Enfin, lors de la phase 3, tous les paramètres démographiques de la patientèle et toutes les caractéristiques des blessures traitées en salle d'opération sont revenus à leurs valeurs prépandémiques. Conclusion : Les mesures de confinement prises au niveau provincial pour limiter la propagation du virus SRAS-CoV-2 ont significativement modifié le volume et les caractéristiques démographiques des blessures orthopédiques pédiatriques nécessitant une prise en charge chirurgicale. Les résultats de cette étude serviront à améliorer la planification du système de santé en cas de nouveau confinement d'urgence., The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented impact on health care systems. At its height, governments worldwide implemented various public healdi measures to limit exposure to the virus and to [...]

Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the inequitable access to medical and psychiatric care that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face, yet the surgical needs of this population are not well understood. We sought to assess evidence describing surgical care for PEH and to perform a thematic analysis of the results. Methods: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using the terms 'surgery' AND 'homelessness.' Grey literature was also searched. We used a stepwise scoping review methodology, followed by thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results: We included 104 articles in our review. Studies were included from 5 continents; 63% originated in the United States. All surgical specialties were represented with varying surgical conditions and procedures for each. Orthopedic surgery (21%) was the most frequently reported specialty. Themes identified included characteristics of PEH receiving surgical care, homeless-to-housed participants, interaction with the health care system, educational initiatives, barriers and challenges, and interventions and future strategies. Conclusion: We identified significant variation and gaps, representing opportunities for further research and interventions. Further addressing the barriers and challenges that PEH face when accessing surgical care can better address the needs of this population. Contexte : Si de nombreuses études ont souligné l'accès inéquitable aux soins médicaux et psychiatriques pour les personnes en situation d'itinérance (PSI), les besoins chirurgicaux de cette population ne sont pas bien compris. Nous avons cherché à évaluer les données décrivant les soins chirurgicaux pour les PSI afin de faire une analyse thématique des résultats. Méthodes : Les bases de données Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, et Web of Science ont été interrogées avec les termes << surgery >> [chirurgie] ET << homelessness >> [itinérance]. La littérature grise a aussi été interrogée. Nous avons utilisé une méthode de synthèse exploratoire par étapes, suivie d'une analyse thématique par approche inductive. Résultats : Nous avons inclus 104 articles dans notre revue. Les études sélectionnées provenaient de 5 continents; 63% venaient des États-Unis. Toutes les spécialités chirurgicales étaient représentées, avec diverses conditions et interventions chirurgicales pour chacune. La chirurgie orthopédique (21%) était la spécialité la plus souvent rapportée. Les thèmes relevés comprenaient les caractéristiques des PSI recevant des soins chirurgicaux, les personnes participantes passées de l'itinérance au logement, l'interaction avec le système de santé, les initiatives d'éducation, les obstacles et défis, et les interventions et stratégies futures. Conclusion : Nous avons décelé une variation et des lacunes considérables, qui représentent des occasions de recherche et d'interventions. Il faudra s'attaquer davantage aux obstacles et aux défis rencontrés par les PSI dans l'accès aux soins chirurgicaux pour mieux répondre aux besoins de cette population., Homelessness is a major social and health-related concern globally. In Canada alone, there are 25000-35000 people experiencing homelessness (PEH) on any single night. (1) The circumstances surrounding an individual's homelessness [...]

Background: Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint (MISIT) fusion is a surgical option to relieve SIJ pain. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare MISIJ fusion with triangular titanium implants (TO) to nonoperative management of SIJ dysfunction. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included prospective clinical trials that compared MISIJ fusion to nonoperative management in individuals with chronic low back pain attributed to SIJ dysfunction. We evaluated pain on visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Results: A total of 8 articles representing 3 trials that enrolled 423 participants were deemed eligible. There was a significant reduction in pain score with MISIJ fusion compared with nonoperative management (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.03 to -1.39). Similarly, ODI scores (SMD -1.03, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.81), SF-36 PCS scores (SMD 1.01, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.19), SF-36 MCS scores (SMD 0.72, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.9), and patient satisfaction (odds ratio 6.87, 95% CI 3.73 to 12.64) were significantly improved with MISIJ fusion. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups with respect to adverse events (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.23). Conclusion: Our analysis showed that MISIJ fusion with TTI shows a clinically important and statistically significant improvement in pain, disability score, HRQoL, and patient satisfaction with a similar adverse event profile to nonoperative management in patients with chronic low back pain attributed to SIJ dysfunction. Contexte : L'arthrodèse sacro-iliaque minimalement effractive (ASIME) est une option chirurgicale qui vise à soulager la douleur sacro-iliaque. Le but de la présente revue systématique et méta-analyse était de comparer l'ASIME avec implants triangulaires en titane (ITT) à une prise en charge non chirurgicale de la dysfonction sacroiliaque. Méthodes : Nous avons interrogé les bases de données MEDLINE et Embase et le Registre central Cochrane des essais contrôlés. Nous avons inclus les essais cliniques prospectifs ayant comparé l'ASIME à une prise en charge non chirurgicale de la lombalgie chronique attribuable à une dysfonction sacro-iliaque. Nous avons évalué la douleur selon une échelle analogique visuelle, l'indice d'incapacité d'Oswestry (IIO) et les scores aux dimensions physique et mentale du questionnaire SF-36 (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé, en plus de mesurer la satisfaction de la patientèle et de recenser les effets indésirables. Résultats : En tout, 8 articles portant sur 3 essais ayant recruté 423 personnes ont été jugés admissibles. On a noté une réduction significative du score de douleur avec l'ASIME comparativement à la prise en charge non chirurgicale (différence moyenne standardisée [DMS] -1,71, intervalle de confiance [IC] de 95% -2,03 à -1,39). De même, l'IIO (DMS -1,03, IC de 95% -1,24 à -0,81), les scores aux dimensions physique (DMS 1,01, IC de 95% 0,83 à 1,19) et mentale (DMS 0,72, IC de 95% 0,54 à 0,9) du SF-36 et la satisfaction de la patientèle (rapport des cotes 6,87, IC de 95% 3,73 à 12,64) se sont significativement améliorés avec l'ASIME. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les 2 groupes en ce qui concerne les effets indésirables (DMS -0,03, IC de 95% -0,28 à 0,23). Conclusion : Notre analyse a montré que l'ASIME avec ITT donne lieu à une amélioration statistiquement significative de la douleur, du score d'incapacité, de la qualité de vie liée à la santé et de la satisfaction de la patientèle, avec un profil d'effets indésirables semblable à celui qui accompagne la prise en charge non chirurgicale de la lombalgie chronique attribuée à une dysfonction sacro-iliaque., Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction is a degenerative condition that is considered a major cause of low back pain. (1) About 15%-30% of cases of low back pain in patients presenting [...]

* Context.--Noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUCs) comprise most urinary bladder tumors. Distinction between low-grade (LG-PUC) and high-grade (HG-PUC) PUCs is pivotal for determining prognosis and subsequent treatment. Objective.--To investigate the histologic characteristics of tumors with borderline features between LG-PUC and HG-PUC, focusing on the risk of recurrence and progression. Design.--We reviewed the clinicopathologic parameters of noninvasive PUC. Tumors with borderline features were subcategorized as follows: tumors that look like LGPUC but have occasional pleomorphic nuclei (1-BORDNUP) or elevated mitotic count (2-BORD-MIT), and tumors with side-by-side distinct LG-PUC and less than 50% HG-PUC (3-BORD-MIXED). Recurrence-free, total progression-free, and specific invasion-free survival curves were derived from the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression analysis was performed. Results.--A total of 138 patients with noninvasive PUC were included, with the following distribution: LG-PUC (n = 52; 38%), HG-PUC (n = 34; 25%), BORD-NUP (n = 21; 15%), BORD-MIT (n = 14; 10%), and BORD-MIXED (n = 17; 12%). Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 44.2 months (29.9-73.1 months). Invasion-free survival was different between the 5 groups (P = .004), and pairwise comparison showed that HG-PUC had a worse prognosis compared with LG-PUC (P < .001). On univariate Cox analysis, HG-PUC and BORD-NUP were 10.5 times (95% CI, 2.3-48.3; P = .003) and 5.9 times (95% CI, 1.1-31.9; P = .04) more likely to invade, respectively, when compared to LG-PUC. Conclusions.--Our findings confirm a continuous spectrum of histologic changes in PUC. Approximately a third of noninvasive PUCs show borderline features between LG-PUC and HG-PUC. Compared with LG-PUC, BORDNUP and HG-PUC were more likely to invade on followup. BORD-MIXED tumors did not statistically behave differently from LG-PUC. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:223-229; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0268-OA), Bladder tumors are the fourth most common tumors in males. More than 80 000 patients receive a diagnosis of bladder cancer and 17 000 patients die of the disease each [...]

* Context.--The nature and associations of gallbladder (GB) 'adenomyoma' (AM) remain controversial. Some studies have attributed up to 26% of GB carcinoma to AMs. Objective.--To examine the true frequency, clinicopathologic characteristics, and neoplastic changes in GB AM. Design.--Cholecystectomy cohorts analyzed were 1953 consecutive cases, prospectively with specific attention to AM; 2347 consecutive archival cases; 203 totally embedded GBs; 207 GBs with carcinoma; and archival search of institutions for all cases diagnosed as AM. Results.--Frequency of AM was 9.3% (19 of 203) in totally submitted cases but 3.3% (77 of 2347) in routinely sampled archival tissue. A total of 283 AMs were identified, with a female to male ratio = 1.9 (177:94) and mean size = 1.3 cm (range, 0.3-5.9). Most (96%, 203 of 210) were fundic, with formed nodular trabeculated submucosal thickening, and were difficult to appreciate from the mucosal surface. Four of 257 were multifocal (1.6%), and 3 of 257 (1.2%) were extensive ('adenomyomatosis'). Dilated glands (up to 14 mm), often radially converging to a point in the mucosa, were typical. Muscle was often minimal, confined to the upper segment. Nine of 225 (4%) revealed features of a duplication. No specific associations with inflammation, cholesterolosis, intestinal metaplasia, or thickening of the uninvolved GB wall were identified. Neoplastic change arising in AM was seen in 9.9% (28 of 283). Sixteen of 283 (5.6%) had mural intracholecystic neoplasm; 7 of 283 (2.5%) had flat-type high-grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Thirteen of 283 cases had both AM and invasive carcinoma (4.6%), but in only 5 of 283 (1.8%), carcinoma arose from AM (invasion was confined to AM, and dysplasia was predominantly in AM). Conclusions.--AMs have all the features of a malformative developmental lesion, and may not show a significant muscle component (ie, the name 'adeno-myoma' is partly a misnomer). While most are innocuous, some pathologies may arise in AMs, including intracholecystic neoplasms, flat-type high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma (1.8%, 5 of 283). It is recommended that gross examination of GBs include serial slicing of the fundus for AM detection and total submission if one is found. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:206-214; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0379-OA), Adenomyoma (AM), also called 'adenomyomatous hyperplasia' or ' adenomyomatous nodule,' has been noted as an often asymptomatic incidental lesion in cholecystectomies. (1,2) It is described as a collection of glands [...]

* Context.--The recently identified immunohistochemical marker TRPS1 is highly sensitive and specific for invasive breast carcinoma, especially triple-negative breast carcinoma. However, TRPS1 expression in special morphologic subtypes of breast cancer is unclear. Objective.--To investigate the expression of TRPS1 in invasive breast cancer with apocrine differentiation, in comparison to the expression of GATA3. Design.--A total of 52 invasive breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation, comprising 41 triple-negative breast carcinomas and 11 estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive cases, along with 11 triple-negative breast carcinomas without apocrine differentiation, were evaluated for TRPS1 and GATA3 expression by immunohistochemistry. All tumors were diffusely positive (>90%) for androgen receptor (AR). Results.--Triple-negative breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation had positive TRPS1 expression in 12% of cases (5 of 41), whereas GATA3 was positive in all cases. Similarly, [HER2.sup.+]/[ER.sup.-] invasive breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation showed positive TRPS1 in 18% of cases (2 of 11), whereas GATA3 was positive in all cases. In contrast, triple-negative breast carcinoma with strong AR expression but without apocrine differentiation showed both TRPS1 and GATA3 expression in 100% (11 of 11) of cases. Conclusions.--Most [ER.sup.-]/[PR.sup.-]/[AR.sup.+] invasive breast carcinomas with apocrine differentiation are TRPS1 negative and GATA3 positive, regardless of HER2 status. Therefore, TRPS1 negativity does not exclude breast origin in tumors with apocrine differentiation. A panel of TRPS1 and GATA3 immunostains can be helpful when the tissue origin of such tumors is clinically relevant. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2024;148:200-205; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2022-0289-OA), The recently identified breast marker TRPS1 is more sensitive and specific than the widely used breast cancer markers, including GATA3. (1) TRPS1 (trichorhinophalangeal syndrome 1, also known as transcriptional repressor [...]

The COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2019 remains uncontained, and fatalities and multiple waves of infection continue to occur worldwide (1). The causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, has been detected in humans [...]

Dengue virus (DENV) is not endemic in the continental United States (1); most cases occur among travelers to DENV-endemic areas (2). In Florida, USA, DENV infections are primarily reported among [...]

Human adenovirus (HAdV) infections can cause a range of symptoms but most commonly result in respiratory illnesses (1). Most HAdV infections are not clinically severe; however, more serious illness can [...]