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Mahmoud A Mahmoud,1 Zaid Saud Almutairi,2 Abdulrahman M Mahmoud,2 Hind Bashir Alanazi,2 Sundus M Abdulrahman,2 Khalid A Bin Abdulrahman3 1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mahmoud A Mahmoud, Email drmhmod@gmail.comBackground: Public health education increasingly emphasizes experiential learning and community engagement. Peer review complements traditional staff evaluation, enhancing learning outcomes and refining teaching strategies. This study aims to investigate the perceptions and experiences of medical students with peer evaluation of community health projects. Staff evaluation for the same projects will be used for comparison.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study involving medical students from the epidemiology and community health course at the College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU). Students assessed their peers’ community health projects using a self-administered questionnaire. Staff evaluations were also compared. Data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 29.Results: The study included 187 participants, primarily medical students (98.3%), who evaluated 20 community health projects. Three teaching staff members also rated the same projects. Medical students ranked effort expended (4.34), topic importance (4.26), and apparent participation (4.26) in descending order of value. The Staff evaluated the topic’s relevance as the highest (4.43), but they rated the tools as lower (3.9). Medical students ranked tools sufficiency significantly higher, with a mean of (4.16 vs 3.90) than Staff (p < 0.05). Both groups evaluated the project’s level of innovation and the clarity of its target audience in a comparable manner. The analysis of the Full Project Level indicated no substantial disparity between medical students and Staff, as evidenced by the p-value of 0.920.Conclusion: This study validates that peer evaluation of student projects is equally practical as evaluation conducted by faculty members. Consequently, allocating resources toward enhancing peer students’ learning and evaluation capabilities is justifiable.Keywords: student peer evaluation, medical students, community health, student projects, Saudi Arabia

In healthcare applications, automatic and intelligent movement recognition systems in Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) are designed for elderly and disabled persons. The AAL provides assistance as well as secure feelings to disabled persons and elderly individuals. In AAL, the movement recognition process has been emerging in recent days. The automatic and safe living of the disabled person is ensured by performing movement recognition in AAL. Movement recognition in the AAL is developed for disabled and elderly people and is also performed to provide healthcare assistance to the elderly and disabled person. The weighted deep learning model and a hybrid heuristic algorithm are proposed to achieve this goal. The required input data is initially gathered from the standard data sources. Subsequently, the essential deep features are extracted from the input data using a Convolutional Autoencoder. Finally, the resultant features are subjected to the movement recognition model, termed as Weighted Residual Recurrent Neural Network. For achieving a better training and testing process, the weights in the RRNN model are optimally selected by using the hybrid algorithm named Hybrid Rat Swarm with Coati Optimization Algorithm, which is developed with the integration of the Rat Warm Optimization and Coati Optimization. The movement recognition results are used for providing medical assistance to elderly and disabled persons. Lastly, the efficacy of the suggested strategy is validated with different measures. From the experiments, the proposed system attains standard results in terms of improved system performance and accuracy that can aid in significantly recognizing human movements., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Multifunctional polymer composites containing micro/nano hybrid reinforcements have attracted intensive attention in the field of materials science and engineering. This paper develops a multi-phase analytical model for investigating the effective electrical conductivity of micro-silicon carbide (SiC) whisker/nano-carbon black (CB) polymer composites. First, CB nanoparticles are dispersed within the non-conducting epoxy to achieve a conductive CB-filled nanocomposite and its electrical conductivity is predicted. Some critical microstructures such as volume percentage and size of nanoparticles, and interphase characteristics surrounding the CB are micromechanically captured. Next, the electrical conductivity of randomly oriented SiC-containing composites in which the nanocomposite and whisker are considered as the matrix and reinforcement phases, respectively, is estimated. Influences of whisker aspect ratio and volume fraction on the effective electrical conductivity of the SiC/CB-containing polymer composites are explored. Some comparison studies are performed to validate the accuracy of the model. It is observed before the percolation threshold that the addition of nanoparticles with a uniform dispersion can improve the electrical conductivity of the polymer composites containing SiC/CB hybrids. Moreover, the results show that the electrical conductivity is more enhanced by the decrease in nanoparticle size. Interestingly, the composite percolation threshold is significantly reduced when SiC whiskers with a higher aspect ratio are added. This work will be favorable for the design of electro-conductive polymer composites with high performances.

Ingestion of foreign bodies, particularly button batteries (BB), is a common pediatric emergency. Esophageal impaction of BB is associated with life-threatening complications. Damage can be manifested within hours from ingestion; therefore, immediate removal is recommended. A 23-month-old boy presented to the emergency department following an incidental chest X-ray that revealed a BB lodged in the upper esophagus, initially overlooked during a prior visit. The family reported that the child had been experiencing persistent cough, intermittent fever, vomiting, and poor oral intake over the last two months. Upon admission, the child was stable, but laboratory tests indicated elevated inflammatory markers. A multidisciplinary team was promptly assembled for management, leading to a successful extraction of the BB in the operating room. Postoperatively, the child developed secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection, which were effectively treated. After discharge, the patient was followed up in the clinic, and no complications were observed. Although BB ingestions are not the commonest among all types of foreign body ingestion, their serious complications have been evidence-based published., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent for treatment and open access publication was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Abaalkhail et al.)

This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface patterns using femtosecond laser treatment on the enclosed mold shear bond strength (EM-SBS) of resin composite to zirconia (ZrO 2 ) surfaces and to contrast it with the widely used tribochemical silica coating (TBC) surface conditioning method. A set of fifteen rectangular ZrO 2 blocks were randomly divided into five groups according to surface pretreatment: Control G 0 -no treatment; G 1 -TBC with silane application; G 2 -femtosecond laser irradiation with horizontal lines 30 µm apart; G3 -femtosecond laser irradiation with horizontal lines 15 µm apart; and G 4 -femtosecond laser irradiation with cross lines 30 µm apart. The pretreated surfaces were characterized by a surface profilometer, tensiometer and scanning electron microscope. The EM-SBS of resin composite stubs to ZrO 2 was measured followed by fractographic analysis. The surface roughness and water contact angle were observed to be statistically higher among the femtosecond laser groups compared to the TBC and control groups. The G 4 group exhibited the highest EM-SBS among all the groups, irrespective of the ageing conditions used. At the end of 5000 thermocycles, G 4 exhibited EM-SBS of 14.05 ± 4.21 MPa compared to 13.80 ± 3.01 MPa in G 1 and 5.47 ± 0.97 MPa in G 0 . The two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of both study groups and ageing conditions on the EM-SBS ( p < 0.001). Utilization of femtosecond laser technology holds promise as a potential and alternative mechanical retention approach for enhancing the bonding strength of the resin composite to ZrO 2 .

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients aged ≥18 years and having dental implants placed at Dubai Health Authority in 2010. Relevant information related to systemic-, patient-, implant-, site-, surgical- and prosthesis-related factors were collected. The strength of association between the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis and each variable was measured by chi-square analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible risk factors., Results: A total of 162 patients with 301 implant-supported restorations were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged between 19 and 72 with a mean age of 46.4 ± 11.7 years. The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis at the patient and implant levels were 44.4% and 38.2%, respectively. For peri-implantitis, the prevalence at the patient level was 5.6%, while the prevalence at the implant level was 4.0%. The binary logistic regression identified three risk factors (smoking habits, histories of treated periodontitis and lack of peri-implant maintenance) for peri-implantitis., Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, smoking habits, history of treated periodontitis and lack of peri-implant maintenance were significant risk factors for peri-implantitis. Early detection of these factors would ensure appropriate planning and care of patients at high risk of developing peri-implant diseases., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this review., (Copyright © 2022 Momen A. Atieh et al.)

Utilizing solid particles as a heat-transfer medium in concentrated solar power applications has gained growing attention lately. Unlike molten salts, solid particles offer many benefits, which include: high operating temperatures (greater than 1000 °C), a lack of freezing issues and corrosivity, abundant availability, high thermal energy storage capacity, a low cost, and applicability in direct irradiation. Comprehensive knowledge of thermophysical and optical properties of solid particles is essential to ensure an effective harnessing of solar energy. The most important considerations when selecting solid particles include: thermophysical and optical properties, thermal resistance, crack resistance, satisfactory health and safety risks, availability, and low cost. It is also imperative to consider optical and thermophysical characteristics that might change from what they were "as received" after cyclic heating for a long period. Therefore, the knowledge of thermal performance of particulate materials becomes significant before using them as a heat-transfer medium. In this study, some particulate materials were chosen to study their feasibilities as heat-transfer and storage media for a particle-based central receiver tower system. These particulate materials included white sand, red sand, ilmenite, and Carbobead CP. The candidate particulate materials were heated at high temperatures for 6 h and then cooled to room temperature. After that, cyclic heating was performed on the particulate materials for 500 h at 1200 °C. The optical properties were represented by weighted solar absorptance, and the thermophysical properties of the particulates were measured "as received" and after cyclic heating (aging). EDX and XRD were conducted to quantify the chemical composition and interpret the changes in appearance associated with the particulate materials after cyclic heating. The results showed a considerable agglomeration in all particulates except for white sand in the 6 h heating test, and high agglomeration in the ilmenite. A slight decrease in the optical properties in the white sand and Carbobead CP was found after the aging test. The specific heat was decreased for red and white sand. The EDX and XRD results for white sand and Carbobead CP showed chemical stability, indicating high durability and reliability.