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Premature seed shattering in canola causes massive losses in yield by up to 50% in adverse climatic conditions. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which belongs to the same family as canola, the Brassicaceae, eight genes participate in a shattering cascade. Phylogenetic reconstruction, syntenic relationships, genomics loci, promoter sequences, and identification of transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) faced shattering cascade genes' analysis. Among these, three genes, SHATTERPROOF1, SHATTERPROOF2, and FRUITFUL (SHP1, SHP2, FUL), belonged to a MADS-box family implicated in fruit dehiscence zone and valve margin constitute a core regulatory module. But, in Brassica, the exact number of genes involved in shattering remained obscure. Grouping BnSHP1-N, BnSHP2-N, and BnFUL-N into their respective clades was according to phylogenetic reconstruction of core regulatory modules (SHP1, SHP2, and FUL) and from other species homologs. The eight shattering cascade genes showed no conservation, indicating their involvement in crushing through separate pathways. The increased number of homologs/paralogs in Brassica was due to occurrences of genome duplication or a triplication event during evolution. Exonization and intronization could be responsible for a variable number and size of the exons and introns in gene structures. Comparative genome synteny analysis of SHP1, SHP2, and FUL revealed correlation and evolutionary insights into gene region relationships in all Brassicaceae. Study results provided basic information on cloning, phylogenetic reconstruction, genomics loci, and identifying transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) of core regulatory module genes that might be helpful for developing shattering-resistant genome-edited plants to prevent future yield losses in canola. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was based on Agrobacterium-mediated peanut genetic transformation and effective remediation of transgenic plants. The effect of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 with a binary vector of PxCSG m-YFP 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene has been evaluated on two commercial varieties and on two sources of explants (Embryo and cotyledon), each containing a CaMV 35S promoter. The comparative regeneration and transformation efficiency analyses revealed that the embryo is a better target tissue than cotyledon, and early-ripe peanut genotypes with relatively small seeds (such as Bard-479) have proven to be comparatively responsive to transformation. Explant culture in media containing 3 mg L 1 indole-3-butyric acid and 0.1 mg L 1 napthalene acetic acid resulted in strong roots of virtually all transgenic plants. More than 87% of the transplanted plants were able to produce morphologically normal blooms and pods containing viable seeds. The phenotypic and genotypic monitoring of the EPSPS gene inheritance over two generations exhibited the desired 3:1 inheritance. Our findings suggest that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a feasible and valuable tool for peanut breeding and functional genomics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares the psychological profile of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and individuals living in host communities in the war-affected setting. We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October-November 2019. Subjects were recruited from six IDPs camps and the surrounding host communities within the metropolis of Maiduguri, Nigeria by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Hausa version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, and analysed by logistic regression using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% Confidence Interval (CI). A total of 562 subjects were recruited. Living in IDP camp was the most significantly predictor of depression, anxiety, and stress. The common predictors were living in an IDP camp, and marital status (separated). Aged 18-29years was a protective factor compared to those ≥50years. Living in IDP camps, separated from partners, lack of education and pre-conflict employment were significant predictors of depression, anxiety and stress., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)