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The aim of the research was to explore the impact of social safety net programs in achieving the SDG target 3.8 at the union level of Bangladesh. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to collect the data. A total of 100 quantitative survey data and 10 KIIs were conducted. Statistically significant tests between variables (X2, p-value, and CI) were done. The average age of the respondents is 58.41 18.35 years. There is a strong association between the age of the respondents and receiving the government social safety net program support. We found an association between respondents monthly income and types of disability. The health expenditure of the study respondents is higher compared to the age range below 50 years in Bangladesh. There is a strong association between respondents' age and health expenditure. The majority of respondents (84.5%) bought medicine, 8.2% buy food, 4.1% expenses on children's educational purposes and 3.1% buy a dress with their SSPs money. About 69% of respondents think that SSPs' support money is not sufficient to survive and maintain the minimum quality of life. Study findings suggest that the majority of the respondents were happy with government SSPs. Further research should address the factors of disability of the SSPs beneficiaries and the quality of life of SSPs beneficiaries.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) appears capable of detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) with a high degree of accuracy in adults; however, there are few studies in children and young adults. Methods: Children and young adults (3-26 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened at the Dhaka BIRDEM-2 hospital, Bangladesh. All gradable fundus images were uploaded to Cybersight AI for interpretation. Two main outcomes were considered at a patient level: 1) Any DR, defined as mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR or more severe; and 2) Referable DR, defined as moderate NPDR or more severe. Diagnostic test performance comparing Orbis International's Cybersight AI with the reference standard, a fully qualified optometrist certified in DR grading, was assessed using the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Results: Among 1274 participants (53.1% female, mean age 16.7 years), 19.4% (n = 247) had any DR according to AI. For referable DR, 2.35% (n = 30) were detected by AI. The sensitivity and specificity of AI for any DR were 75.5% (CI 69.7-81.3%) and 91.8% (CI 90.2-93.5%) respectively, and for referable DR, these values were 84.2% (CI 67.8-100%) and 98.9% (CI 98.3%-99.5%). The MCC, AUC-ROC and the AUC-PR for referable DR were 63.4, 91.2 and 76.2% respectively. AI was most successful in accurately classifying younger children with shorter duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Cybersight AI accurately detected any DR and referable DR among children and young adults, despite its algorithms having been trained on adults. The observed high specificity is particularly important to avoid over-referral in low-resource settings. AI may be an effective tool to reduce demands on scarce physician resources for the care of children with diabetes in low-resource settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper demonstrates the broad applicability of bowtie analysis within the scope of scenarios requiring effective hazard identification to facilitate comprehensive risk management. This work is motivated by the largely unrecognized usefulness of process hazard analysis methodologies and other process safety techniques beyond the boundaries of the chemical process industries (CPI). Examples of creative bowtie use are given by drawing on the technical literature and ongoing research involving non-CPI, high-hazard applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alluvial rivers of Bangladesh being unstable keep changing their main course, bank lines, and so on. Groins are extensively used worldwide for shore protection from erosion, river navigation, and beach reclamation among many others. Improving the performance of groins is a crucial issue around the glove. Experimental investigations under clear water scour conditions have been carried out in this research to compare the performance of different groins in order to find out the suitable design for a groin. From the experimental runs, it is revealed that the groin models having different configurations behave differently. In the case of a solid I-shaped groin, a huge scour near the groin head and irregular bed pattern develops in the channel bed while L-head and hockey-shaped groins improve the channel response a bit leading to decreased scour. Moreover, the hockey-shaped groin attracts the flow, and thus requires a close groin installation. The scour hole for a combined groin is relatively very small. As the scour endangers the stability of the groin structure, it turns out to be the most suitable one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]