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Visually impaired individuals face significant challenges in many areas of their daily lives, such as accessing environmental information, social interaction, and safety. This article aims to enhance the independence of visually impaired individuals and facilitate their daily lives through an artificial intelligence-supported image and sound recognition system. The developed prototype consists of glasses equipped with a Raspberry Pi 4 microprocessor, integrated headphones, touch controls, and a robust battery management system. Its electronic schematic includes the integration of the camera and the microprocessor. The artificial intelligence algorithms developed successfully perform tasks such as object recognition, text reading, and face recognition. A visual question answering (VQA) model was utilized in the glasses to enable visually impaired individuals to communicate more effectively with their surroundings. Following a demonstration conducted with visually impaired individuals, the usability and effectiveness of the prototype were evaluated, and improvements were made based on user feedback. The accuracy of the algorithms was tested, resulting in a prototype with a 78% accuracy score, which was close to the 82% accuracy score of GPT-4. Additionally, tests conducted with 20 users indicated an 85% user satisfaction rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphea is a rare autoimmune disease that often affects skin and subcutaneous tissues. The aim of this study was to determine the association between patient demographic parameters, lesion site, clinical subtype of morphea, and histological findings. Between 2016 and 2022, we investigated 78 patients with morphea at the Department of Pathology, Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital in Turkey. Case-specific hematoxylin and eosin stain slides were obtained from the pathology archive and assessed blindly by two pathologists. Flattening of rete ridges, location of inflammatory infiltrate, grade of inflammatory infiltrate, presence of plasma cells, presence of eosinophils, homogenization of dermal collagen, decrease of skin appendages, basal pigmentation and melanin incontinence were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics v.20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The most common clinical presentation was plaque type (87.5%), while histopathological findings included homogenization of dermal collagen (100%) and decrease of skin appendages (98.7%). Flattening of the rete ridges was observed in 46.2% of patients. Severity of the inflammatory infiltrate was found to be higher in these patients (p=0.028). Basal pigmentation was observed in 59% of patients. Line sign was more common in lower extremity lesions among all localizations (p=0.015). The histopathologic features of morphea are variable and confusing. Particularly, in cases with collagen homogenization, morphea should be considered in differential diagnosis with clinical correlation. In addition, the line sign could be helpful for identifying lesions located in the lower extremities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is a well-defined histopathological entity with an underestimated prevalence in the general population. Objective. The present study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of histologically diagnosed cases of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy at our unit. We also aimed to investigate any association between the clinical features of the patients and the histological findings. Methods. A total of 39 lymph node samples from 39 patients diagnosed with dermatopathic lymphadenopathy were included in this prospective cohort study. Results. Thirty-four (87%) patients had a dermatological disorder. The presence of paracortical eosinophils were significantly higher in patients with dermatological disorders (P =.001), while the presence of dilated sinuses was significantly more common in patients without a dermatological disorder (P =.035). The presence of dilated sinuses and medullary histiocytes were significantly more common in patients with lower body surface area involvement of the disease compared to the ones with a higher body surface area (P =.003, P =.034; respectively). Conclusion. Most of the patients included in the study had one of a broad spectrum of undiagnosed dermatological disorders. The clinical significance of the relation between histological and clinical findings in dermatopathic lymphadenopathy remains to be explained. Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy should always be considered in differential diagnoses of patients with persistent lymph node enlargement even when absolute dermatological disorders are not present. Since various skin disorders may be the cause of lymphadenopathy, performing a full-body examination before lymph node excision might prevent unneccessary procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatofibromas (DF) are common benign skin lesions that commonly affect female adults. They can be easily diagnosed in most cases. However, in some cases, their clinical and dermoscopical appearance can resemble other lesions, such as dysplastic nevi, melanomas, and other skin tumors. Here, we report a case of pigmented DF mimicking melanoma on the right arm of an 11-year-old girl. DFs are common lesions in daily dermatology practice, however in this case the young age of the patient, the atypical melanoma-like dermoscopic features, and the rapid growth of the lesion brought on the suspicion of malignant melanoma. The case was presented to emphasize that pigmented DFs must be considered in the differential diagnoses of pigmented lesions in children; which will prevent unnecessary surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]