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Mathematics is one of the subjects that must be delivered and studied by students; this subject can also provide a stimulus to improve critical reasoning abilities. This study aims to identify the need to develop innovations and components that must be available in electronic books. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with 31 students and one mathematics teacher as research subjects. Data collection techniques used are observation and questionnaires. The research data will be described narratively and converted into percentages to determine student responses' needs. The study results indicate that electronic books (e-books) are currently not used for the learning process; student responses also indicate that they want the presence of electronic books as a supplement to learning the material (83.9%.). In addition, the materials are also in the form of text and videos (22.6), pictures (12.9%), and can be hyperlinked to websites (35.5%). Through the results of this study, it is hoped that it can be the basis for developing an electronic book product that is suitable for the needs of students and can provide convenience for learning mathematics material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of science and technology requires critical, creative, and problem-solving thinking skills. Problems can be solved one of them by research. New theories derived from the results of the research are urgently needed in the development of science. It becomes a challenge for teachers to develop researching skills. The purpose of this research was to find out the level of research capabilities of prospective teachers. The research method used was quantitative. Two hundred fifty-nine students in the Building Engineering Education, Physical Health and Creative Education and Language and Literature Education Study Program as a research sample. The data was obtained by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inference statistics (i.e., Mann Whitney tests and Wallis Kruskal tests). The results suggest that the research capabilities of prospective teachers are at a medium level. The research ability of prospective female teachers is the same as male teachers. The research capabilities of prospective teachers of the new generation are different from the old generation. The research capabilities of prospective teachers based on the fields of education are the same. Therefore, teachers should develop research skills to improve the quality of learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competency to think critically is one of the skills that students must possess in the 21st century. This study aims to determine vocational students' critical thinking skills (CTs) in digital simulation and communication subjects using expository based on digital learning repository. This research uses quantitative descriptive. The samples of this study were students of class X SMK N 2 Surakarta. The instrument used is a multiple-choice test that developed based on indicators of CTs, according to Facione, which consist of interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. The results of this study showed that the average percentage of students' CTs is in the sufficient category. The results of each indicator can be described as follows: (1) The interpretation indicator is 46.8% in the sufficient category, (2) The analysis indicator is 49.5% in the sufficient category, (3) The evaluation indicator is 60.5% in the sufficient category, (4) The inference indicator is 48, 4% in the sufficient category, (5) About 56.5% for the explanation indicator in the sufficient category, and (6) The self-regulation indicator is 64.5% in the high category. The results showed that students' CTs were still quite or moderate. Students' CTs need to be improved with innovative learning models and methods that will affect learning motivation and critical thinking skills towards various student problems in teaching and learning activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Programming problem solving ability is one of the basic skills of Software Engineering Vocational High School students. As a prospective programmer or software developer, vocational high school students must be able to understand problems, make plans and implement them in computer programs. However, research that tries to explore the level of problem solving ability in programming, especially for vocational high school students is still few or even non-existent. The purposes of this research are 1) to know how good problem-solving skill of vocational high school students, 2) to explore problems of programming teaching and learning especially in the pandemic era, 3) to analyze which problems influenced student's programming problem solving skill according to relevant theory. This research is a mix method research with sequential explanatory model. The result of the study showed that programming problem solving ability is low. From 83 respondents, the average problem-solving score was 33.37 out of 100. Based on the data from questionnaires interviews and learning documents we identify some problems occurred in programming class. By analyzing them with relevant theories, we found several problems in programming class which indicated influencing programming problem solving skill. Those are: lack of motivation and self-confidence, lack of learning resources, low ICT literation, syntax-based programming learning, and the lack of variety of problem solving being provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is development research towards the research competency assessment in research learning. The aim of this research was to determine the content validity and reliability of the research competency assessment tool. The instrument was made in the form of a non-test self-evaluation sheet. The V Aiken's coefficient was used to evaluate the content validity of the self-evaluation sheet. This research used the development method in line with the ADDIE approach. The research subjects were 48 preservice teachers of building engineering education in Surakarta. The Aiken's formula was used for the validity study. According to the research results, the research competence instrument was both valid and reliable. The research instrument was appropriate to be used as a guide in assessing the competence of prospective building engineering teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]