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Background: This study was designed to examine the effect of resveratrol on mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress (OS), and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)., Methods: Fifty-six patients with PCOS were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg/day of resveratrol or placebo for 60 days. The primary outcome was OS in follicular fluid (FF). The secondary outcome involved assessing gene and protein expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in granulosa cells (GCs). ART outcomes were evaluated at the end of the trial., Results: Resveratrol significantly reduced the total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in FF (P = 0.0142 and P = 0.0039, respectively) while increasing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P < 0.0009). Resveratrol consumption also led to significant increases in the expression of critical genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) (P = 0.0032 and P = 0.0003, respectively). However, the effect on nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1) expression was not statistically significant (P = 0.0611). Resveratrol significantly affected sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and PGC-1α protein levels (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0036, respectively). Resveratrol treatment improved the mtDNA copy number (P < 0.0001) and ATP content in GCs (P = 0.0014). Clinically, the resveratrol group exhibited higher rates of oocyte maturity (P = 0.0012) and high-quality embryos (P = 0.0013) than did the placebo group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of chemical or clinical pregnancy rates (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: These findings indicate that resveratrol may be a promising therapeutic agent for patients with PCOS undergoing assisted reproduction., Trial Registration Number: http://www.irct.ir ; IRCT20221106056417N1; 2023 February 09., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Fetal health and a receptive and healthy endometrium are two essential factors in achieving successful implantation. If the endometrium is unreceptive, postponing the transfer cycle to a suitable time can enhance the chances of pregnancy. This study aims to assess the impact of endometrial and sub-endometrial blood flows measured by Doppler ultrasound, as well as endometrial volume, on endometrial receptivity in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles., Methods: 112 patients with a mean age of 33.93 ± 4.93 years underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). Serum β-hCG level was used to confirm pregnancy, and among the participants, 50 (44.6%) achieved pregnancy after IVF., Results: The study results revealed a significant difference in endometrial blood flow between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups, with a higher pregnancy rate observed in participants exhibiting multi-focal and spare endometrial blood flows ( p  < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a notable association between endometrial blood flow and pregnancy outcome, as indicated by higher ongoing pregnancy rates in those with multi-focal and spare endometrial blood flows ( p  < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in endometrial variables such as volume, length, width, thickness, and pattern between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups. Additionally, contextual parameters showed no significant relationship with pregnancy outcome ( p  > 0.05). The study also found that endometrial measurement indices did not have a significant impact on pregnancy outcomes, with no significant differences observed between the groups ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: In conclusion, endometrial blood flow is crucial for a successful pregnancy after IVF, while the predictive value of the endometrial volume is limited for pregnancy outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Hazari, Sarvi, Alyasin, Agha-Hosseini and Hosseinimousa.)

Background: The efficiency of in vitro fertilization is improved by growth hormone (GH) during ovarian stimulation. Additionally, patients with diabetes experience impaired insulin resistance and compromised glucose tolerance, which further exacerbate their condition. Due to these side effects, in this study, the duration of GH treatment was compared in IVF/ICSI cycles among poor ovarian responders., Methods: In this study, POSEIDON criteria were used to choose patients. Subcutaneous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist was done beginning on the sixth day of the cycle and continuing through the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. In one group, GH was administered 4 units/day from the 2nd day of the cycle until hCG injection, and in another group, the first dose was administered on the 6th day of the cycle. Following the administration of hCG, which lasted from 24 to 36 hr , oocytes were retrieved with the support of B-mode sonography., Results: In our analysis, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the number of retrieved oocytes, metaphase II oocytes, and quality of grade A and B embryos. The results show that the treatment or conditions did not have a significant impact on the outcomes among the studied groups., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that a shorter duration of GH administration can yield similar outcomes compared to a longer duration in IVF/ICSI cycles involving poor ovarian responders. This result holds the potential for a more cost-effective and patient-friendly approach in managing assisted reproductive technology procedures. It may lead to reduced side effects and improved adherence to medication regimens in patients., (Copyright© 2023, Avicenna Research Institute.)