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Source at https://vkm.no/

Source at https://vkm.no/ At request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), VKM has identified food groups and food items consumed by the Norwegian population that are relevant for monitoring regarding content of one or more undesirable chemical substances (Figure 1). Undesirable chemical substances were defined as chemical substances in food that may constitute a potential health risk. VKM has created a knowledge base (an Excel file) as a tool for planning and prioritising monitoring of foods and undesirable chemical substances. The substance groups included in the knowledge base are flavourings, food additives, metals and metalloids, natural toxins, persistent organic pollutants, process-induced contaminants, substances in food contact materials, substances in food supplements, and trace elements. More than 40 different substances were included.

Source at https://vkm.no/

Simulating multi-scale phenomena such as turbulent fluid flows is typically computationally very expensive. Filtering the smaller scales allows for using coarse discretizations, however, this requires closure models to account for the effects of the unresolved on the resolved scales. The common approach is to filter the continuous equations, but this gives rise to several commutator errors due to nonlinear terms, non-uniform filters, or boundary conditions. We propose a new approach to filtering, where the equations are discretized first and then filtered. For a non-uniform filter applied to the linear convection equation, we show that the discretely filtered convection operator can be inferred using three methods: intrusive (`explicit reconstruction') or non-intrusive operator inference, either via `derivative fitting' or `trajectory fitting' (embedded learning). We show that explicit reconstruction and derivative fitting identify a similar operator and produce small errors, but that trajectory fitting requires significant effort to train to achieve similar performance. However, the explicit reconstruction approach is more prone to instabilities.

At request from the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA), VKM has identified food groups and food items consumed by the Norwegian population that are relevant for monitoring regarding content of one or more undesirable chemical substances (Figure 1). Undesirable chemical substances were defined as chemical substances in food that may constitute a potential health risk. Paid open access

Vi befinner oss i en tid med sikkerhetspolitiske endringer, hvor Forsvaret skal utvikles og styrkes. I forbindelse med denne utviklingen blir det pekt på hvordan personellet, og den kompetansen som personellet besitter, vil være en av Forsvarets viktigste ressurser. Dette gjelder også i Kystjegerkommandoen, hvor videreutviklingen av avdelingen vil kreve kompetente og erfarne operatører som bidrar inn i denne prosessen. Denne oppgaven vil derfor undersøke hva som påvirker ståtiden til Kystjegeroperatøren, for å identifisere tiltak som kan få operatøren til å bli lenger. Studien benytter en kvalitativ komparativ metode, hvor de kvalitative dataene blir sammenlignet med kvantitative sekundærdata, og videre analysert opp mot empiri, andre studier og relevant teori. Motivasjonen bak tilsetting, og årsakene til at operatørene blir i stilling er sammensatte. Det er likevel noen faktorer som har større innvirkning enn andre. Gjennom den kvalitative undersøkelsen har vi identifisert disse, som videre blir analysert i et rammeverk utgjort av fire hovedkategorier: selvrealisering og utvikling, arbeidsmiljø, oppdrag og oppgaver og anerkjennelse. Vi finner her at muligheten for selvrealisering og utvikling i stilling er sentralt, og mangelen av en slik arena oppleves som demotiverende og fører til at flere vurderer å slutte. Her må avdelingen se etter alternative arenaer for å tilfredsstille behovet når deployeringer er fraværende. Dette endrer seg likevel når operatørene går inn i nye livsfaser hvor muligheten for å kombinere jobb og privatliv, samt ta høyere utdanning ved siden av, blir avgjørende for at de skal bli. Tilrettelegging og tilpasning fra avdelingen er her sentralt. Videre fører seleksjonen og kulturen i avdelingen med seg et spesielt samhold blant operatørene, og det unike arbeidsmiljøet er mye av grunnen til at flere ønsker å jobbe der. De kommuniserte endringene av porteføljen splitter operatørmassen, hvor noen frykter at det skal gå på bekostning av seleksjon og utdanning, samtidig som andre er mer optimistiske så lenge ikke den tradisjonelle kjernekompetansen til kystjegeren blir borte. Mindre bevilgninger av øvelsesdøgn oppleves også som frustrerende, da det både går utover det operative nivået operatørene kan opprettholde og lønnsutvikling.

Source at https://vkm.no/risikovurderinger/allevurderinger/konsekvenseravaimporteregrovfor.4.372fcd091727089bb664ab15.html. Det er stor usikkerhet om import av grovfôr til Norge kan føre med seg planteskadegjørere, invaderende planter og smittestoff som kan forårsake sykdom hos dyr og mennesker.

Background Since the late 1800s, an unknown number of common pheasants and grey partridges from captive bred stocks have been released in Norwegian nature. The birds are released to be used for training of pointing dogs. The import, keeping and release of gamebirds, as well as the management of release sites, have been largely unregulated. The consequences to biodiversity, animal health and welfare have not been investigated. The Norwegian Environment Agency (NEA) and the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (NFSA) have jointly requested the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment (VKM) for a scientific opinion on the release of common pheasants and grey partridges for pointing dog training regarding consequences for biodiversity, animal welfare of the released birds and health of the released birds as well as wild birds to which pathogens may be transmitted. VKM was further asked to suggest risk reducing measures for biodiversity and animal welfare. Methods VKM established a project group with expertise within avian ecology, landscape ecology, population biology, wildlife veterinary medicine and animal welfare. The group conducted systematic literature searches, scrutinized the resulting literature, and supplemented by other relevant articles and reports. In the absence of Norwegian studies, VKM used literature from other countries where common pheasants and grey partridges (and in some cases other gamebirds), are released, as references. The project group applied observation data of common pheasants and grey partridges in Norway for the period 2000-2022, presented by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC). In the assessments, VKM assumed that the release of birds will be in the same order of magnitude as in previous years (a few thousand birds annually on a national level). The number of release sites and the density of released birds per site are unknown. Increasing the number and density of birds would also increase the probability of negative effects and the severity of the consequences. VKM assessed the impacts of released common pheasants and grey partridges on competition, predation, hybridization, transmission of disease, herbivory and indirect impacts through interactions with other species (predator abundance and pathogen-mediated competition). VKM also assessed the impact on biodiversity in a 50-year perspective. Furthermore, VKM discusses how the birds’ welfare might be impacted by rearing, transport, release and exposure to pointing dogs. Finally, VKM provides a list of relevant diseases and assessed their potential impact on animal health during transport, rearing and release. Results and conclusions VKMs assessment show that there are several risks to biodiversity, animal health, and animal welfare from the release of captive bred common pheasants and grey partridges in Norway. The risk of increased competition for food, particularly in winter, with birds with similar niches as common pheasants and grey partridges, is low on a national scale and moderat on a local scale. This is particularly so for yellowhammer, Emberiza citronella, a species categorized as vulnerable on the national red list due to its progressive population decline caused by reduced availability of food during winter. There is a moderate risk for predation on invertebrates and negative impacts on flora. Indirectly, activities connected to the release of birds may lead to moderate risks of altered predator abundance and disease-mediated competition. VKM concludes that the ecological impacts will be more severe for redlisted species present within the release areas for common pheasants and grey partridges. Repeated release of common pheasants and grey partridges can lead to high risk of disease transmission to wild birds. ............. The release of common pheasants and grey partridges for pointing dog training- consequences for biodiversity, animal welfare and health. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on biodiversity of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment