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The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a well-characterized and popular model system for investigating histone modifications and the inheritance of chromatin states. The data obtained from this model organism have provided essential and critical information for understanding the complexity of epigenetic interactions and regulation in eukaryotes. Recent advances in biotechnology have facilitated the detection and quantitation of protein post-translational modification (PTM), including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and acylation, and led to the identification of several novel modification sites in histones. Determining the cellular function of these new histone markers is essential for understanding epigenetic mechanisms and their impact on various biological processes. In this review, we describe recent advances and current views on histone modifications and their effects on chromatin dynamics in S. cerevisiae ., (© 2023 The Authors.)