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The isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the analysis of clopidogrel bisulfate counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid and applied for the determination of clopidogrel bisulfate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Clopidogrel bisulfate is commonly counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid and it is not labeled to contain acetyl salicylic acid due to their similar pharmacological effect in inhibiting platelet aggregation. The mobile phase was composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer 0.02M (pH 2.8) and methanol 30:70 (v/v). The flow rate was 1.5mL/min. The Diode array detector was set at 220 nm. The linearity ranges were 10-70 µg/mL and 6-50 µg/mL for clopidogrel bisulfate and acetyl salicylic acid, respectively. The retention time was 2.5 min and 10.23 min for clopidogrel bisulfate and acetyl salicylic acid, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of clopidogrel bisulfate counterfeited with acetyl salicylic acid as well as the estimation of clopidogrel bisulfate in its different dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the role of certain abiotic and biotic inducers in inducing cucumber resistance against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, under greenhouse conditions. The abiotic inducers comprised acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and Indole acetic acid (IAA) while the biotic inducer was Bacillus pumilus (B.P.). The results revealed that, among all treatments, the double combinations of IAA before B.P. by 3 days as well as ASA before B.P.by 3 days showed the best treatments to increase plant resistance against Meloidogyne incognita infection and improved plant vigor based on fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared to using them individually and control inoculated non-treated plants. A generalized increase was observed in the peroxidase activities and in proline amino acids and total phenols due to the application of the investigated inducer. The degree of increase differed according to treatment and biochemical aspects. The overproduction of these biochemical aspects may play a part in the induction of plant defenses against nematode infestation. In conclusion, the development of safety control measures by inducing plant resistance will protect a wide range of plant crops against nematode threats and can be used in integrated pest management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The anionic polymer sodium alginate, a linear copolymer of guluronic and mannuronic acids, is primarily present in brown algae. Copolymers are used in the sodium alginate preparation process to confer on the material strength and flexibility. Micelles and other polymeric nanoparticles are frequently made using the triblock copolymer Pluronic® F-127. The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of sodium alginate's viscosity (low and medium) and the presence of Pluronic® F-127 micelles on the swelling behavior of the prepared pure beads and those loaded with Pluronic® F-127 micelles. The Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles have a size of 120 nm. The swelling studies were carried out at pH = 1.2 (simulated gastric fluid-SGF) for two hours and at pH = 6.8 (simulated intestinal fluid-SIF) for four more hours. The swelling of both low- and medium-viscosity alginate beads was minor at pH = 1.2, irrespective of the use of Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles. At pH = 6.8, without Pluronic® F-127, the beads showed an enhanced swelling ratio for the first four hours, which was even higher in the medium-viscosity alginate beads. With the addition of Pluronic® F-127, the beads were dissolved in the first and second hour, in the case of the low- and medium-alginate's viscosity, respectively. In other words, the behavior of the mixed hydrogels was the same during the swelling experiments. Therefore, the presence of Pluronic® F-127 nanomicelles and medium-viscosity sodium alginate leads to a higher swelling ratio. A model drug, acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), was also encapsulated in the mixed beads and ASA's release studies were performed. In conclusion, the prepared systems, which are well characterized, show potential as delivery platforms for the oral delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients and biopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: There is limited research on the consumption of aspirin and its effects on bleeding during arteriovenous fistula (AVF) placement surgery and associated complications in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Regarding the potential risks imposed on cardiac patients by discontinuing aspirin, the aim of the study was to determine whether aspirin should be discontinued prior to AVF placement surgery., Methods: This prospective study was carried out at two referral medical centers from 2023 to 2024. The patients were included as 30 patients who routinely took 80 mg of aspirin daily and 30 patients who did not take aspirin. The primary outcomes included the amount of blood loss, and the secondary outcomes included AVF success and maturation time. The amount of bleeding was assessed by the ΔHb (Hb 1 -Hb 2 ), ΔHCT (HCT 1 -HCT 2 ), and intraoperative hemorrhage volume., Results: Aspirin consumption did not significantly affect any of the examined parameters, including operation duration, hemoglobin decrease, hematocrit decrease, intraoperative hemorrhage, AVF success rate, maturity time, need for blood transfusion, postoperative bleeding, hematoma and thrombosis, hospitalization, and re-Operation ( p  > 0.05)., Conclusion: Aspirin did not have any significant or negative effects across any of the parameters examined. Based on the findings of this study, there is no need to discontinue aspirin in patients prior to upper limb AVF placement surgery, but further studies are recommended., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

In the current study, different combinations of three products (Lithovit-Standard: Litho, monopotassium-phosphate: MKP and acetyl salicylic acid: ASA) were tested on tomato plants irrigated with five saline solutions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 dS/m). The aim was to determine the possible complementary effects of these products applied separately and in different sequence at vegetative (11DAT: days after transplantation), flowering (25DAT) and fruit formation (39DAT). Control salt-stress plants were not subjected to product application. The data showed that the combination Asp-Litho-MKP improved total chlorophyll content and reduced the most cell electrolyte leakage compared to control. ASP-MKP-Litho treatment improved fruit number by an average of three to four fruits compared to control at all EC levels and maximized weight of individual fruits under EC 2, 4, and 10 dS/m. Yields in plants treated with ASP-MKP-Litho were higher by almost two to three folds than those of control plants. Plants treated by ASP-MKP-Litho had the highest contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg at all ECs. It was concluded that the three products had complementary effects on salt-stressed tomato crop if applied in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies showed that vagotomy markedly inhibits alcohol self-administration. Present studies hypothesised that vagotomy significantly adds to the inhibition of alcohol relapse induced by drugs that reduce the alcohol-induced hyperglutamatergic state (e.g., N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid). The alcohol relapse paradigm tested gauges the elevated alcohol intake observed in animals that had consumed ethanol chronically, were subjected to a prolonged alcohol deprivation and are subsequently allowed ethanol re-access. Ethanol-drinker rats (UChB) were exposed to 10% and 20% ethanol and water concurrently for 4 months, were alcohol deprived for 14 days and were thereafter allowed re-access to the ethanol solutions. An initial binge-like drinking episode is observed upon ethanol re-access, followed by a protracted elevated ethanol intake that exceeds the predeprivation intake baseline. Prior to ethanol re-access, animals were (i) administered N-acetylcysteine (40 mg/kg/day) + acetylsalicylic acid (15 mg/kg/day), (ii) were bilaterally vagotomised, (iii) were exposed to both treatments or (iv) received no treatments. The initial binge-like relapse intake and a protracted elevated ethanol intake observed after repeated ethanol deprivations/re-access cycles were inhibited by 50%-70% by the administration of N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid and by 40%-70% by vagotomy, while the combined vagotomy plus N-acetylcysteine + acetylsalicylic acid treatment inhibited both the initial binge-like intake and the protracted ethanol intake by >95% (p < 0.001), disclosing a dual mechanism of ethanol relapse and subsequent inhibition beyond that induced by either treatment alone. Future exploration into the mechanism by which vagal activity contributes to ethanol relapse may have translational promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Psychic perceptions are at the core of psychotherapeutic processes and modifiable by certain psychopharmacologic agents including antidepressants and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 208 participants, and used the weekly mean dosages and the number of weeks in therapy to predict ward experience (Stationserfahrungsbogen) and symptom burden (symptom-check list 90-R) by means of linear regression analyses and four repeated measures. Results: Time predicted symptom relief. ASA signified a more favorable ward experience and a trend towards less suffering. Antidepressants did not predict symptom burden or ward experience, except for amitriptyline's inverse relationship with process perception. Discussion: Regarding process perception and therapy outcome, amitriptyline might have unfavorable effects at dose reductions, whereas COX-inhibition could be beneficial at higher dosages. Similar findings have already been described with regard to COX-inhibition in depression and schizophrenia.

Introduction: Antithrombotic therapy field is undergoing rapid and significant changes during the past decade. In addition to new therapeutic strategies with existing targets, investigators are exploring the potential use of new targets to address unmet needs to treat patients with arterial diseases., Areas Covered: We aim to provide an update on and a comprehensive review of the antithrombic agents that are being explored in patients with arterial diseases. We discuss latest developments with respect to upstream antiplatelet agents, and collagen and thrombin pathway inhibitors. We searched PubMed databases for English language articles using keywords: antiplatelet agents, thrombin pathway inhibitors, collagen receptors, arterial disease., Expert Opinion: Despite implementation of potent P2Y 12 inhibitors, there are numerous unmet needs in the treatment of arterial diseases including ceiling effect of currently available antiplatelet agents along with and an elevated risk of bleeding. The latter observations encouraged investigators to explore new targets that can attenuate the generation of platelet-fibrin clot formation and subsequent ischemic event occurrences with minimal effect on bleeding. These targets include collagen receptors on platelets and thrombin generation including FXa, FXIa, and FXIIa. In addition, investigators are studying novel antiplatelet agents/strategies to facilitate upstream therapy in high-risk patients.