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Inhibitors of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are considered as promising agents for treatment of cardiovascular, neurological, and other diseases accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress. Previously, the ability of natural compounds 7-methylguanine (7mGua) and 8-hydroxy-7-methylguanine (8h7mGua) to suppress activity of the recombinant PARP protein was demonstrated. In the present work, we have investigated the possibility of PARP-inhibitory and cytoprotective action of 7mGua and 8h7mGua against the rat cardiomyoblast cultures (undifferentiated and differentiated H9c2). It was found that 7mGua and 8h7mGua rapidly penetrate into the cells and effectively suppress the H2O2-stimulated PARP activation (IC50 = 270 and 55 μM, respectively). The pronounced cytoprotective effects of 7mGua and 8h7mGua were shown in a cellular model of oxidative stress, and effectiveness of 8h7mGua exceeded the classic PARP inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide. The obtained data indicate promise for the development of PARP inhibitors based on guanine derivatives and their testing using the models of ischemia–reperfusion tissue damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]