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Introduction: Bladder cancers are common malignancies worldwide, and histological examination is the cornerstone of diagnosis and management of these tumours. There exists huge interobserver variability in grading of urothelial carcinoma, furthermore supercial biopsies and cautery effect also effect tumour staging. Pathological grading, staging and their correlation with molecular markers like p53 and Ki-67 might better predict patient outcome and play signicant role in designing the management protocols of these patients. Thus, we aimed to study the role of p 53 and Ki-67 as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers of urothelial carcinoma in south east Indian population. This was a Methods: prospective study that included 46 patients with Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The histopathological evaluation of the tumor tissue was performed to assess the grade and stage of the tumor and was further correlated with important demographic details and with immunohistochemical expression of p 53 and Ki-67. The mean age was 55 and 65 years Results: for male and female patients respectively. Haematuria was the most common presenting symptom. A total of 38 (74%) patients had high-grade tumors. p T2 stage disease was observed in 60% patients. High expression of p 53 expression was noted in 52% of total cases, of which 85% of cases had high grade morphology and 66% were p T2 stage tumours. High expression of p 53 was also noted in 45% of p T1 tumors. Ki-67 showed high expression in 82.6 % of cases; 94% of which were high-grade and 25% were low-grade cases. Although males have preponderance for Conclusion: afiction, but in our country, females also show higher incidence of urothelial carcinoma as compared to published literature. In addition, patients in Indian population present with higher stage disease. p 53 and Ki-67 are biomarkers of higher stage and grade disease, however additional factors also play a denite role in tumour progression and thus in patient outcome

INTRODUCTION Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy has been widely used in different hematological malignancy . In patients newly diagnosed with lymphoma, examination of the bone marrow is essential for staging, treatment, response to therapy and follow up. A bone marrow examination can also be performed in patients in whom a clinical suspicion of lymphoma is present. METHODS This was a prospective study that included 55 diagnosed case of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma who came for evaluation for bone marrow involvement. The morphological and incidence pattern with the type of clonality which was correlated with immunohistochemical expression of CD3 and CD20 was evaluated from Bone marrow study. RESULTS Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma highest incidence was found to be present in the age group of 51-60 years with a male predominance. Small lymphocytic lymphoma was most common lymphoma coming for Bone marrow study accounting for 36% and was also most common sub-type inltrating the marrow which was seen in 40% of cases . 36.4% of NHL had marrow inltration with a male dominance. Bone marrow involvement of diffuse type was most common seen in 50% of cases. Bone marrow inltration by B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma was more commonly seen in 85% than that of the T-cell which was 15% which was further conrmed by immunohistochemistry by using CD20 and CD3. Bone marrow involvement showed a m CONCLUSION ale predominance having most common diffuse pattern of involvement. B cell lineage of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma was common compared to T cell lineage. Bone marrow study is essential for the disease diagnosis, treatment and follow up.

Does chaos in the dynamics enable information gain in quantum tomography or impede it? We address this question by considering continuous measurement tomography in which the measurement record is obtained as a sequence of expectation values of a Hermitian observable evolving under the repeated application of the Floquet map of the quantum kicked top. For a given dynamics and Hermitian observables, we observe completely opposite behavior in the tomography of well-localized spin coherent states compared to random states. As the chaos in the dynamics increases, the reconstruction fidelity of spin coherent states decreases. This contrasts with the previous results connecting information gain in tomography of random states with the degree of chaos in the dynamics that drives the system. The rate of information gain and hence the fidelity obtained in tomography depends not only on the degree of chaos in the dynamics and to what extent it causes the initial observable to spread in various directions of the operator space but, more importantly, how well these directions are aligned with the density matrix to be estimated. Our study also gives an operational interpretation for operator spreading in terms of fidelity gain in an actual quantum information tomography protocol., 11 pages, 6 figures, published version with modified title