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Introduction: Indonesia's nickel export restriction policy is regulated in the Minister of Trade Regulation No. 96 of 2019 concerning Export Requirements for Mining Products from Processing and Refining which is in line with the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 11 of 2019 and is the cause of a lawsuit brought by the European Union to the WTO for Indonesia's violation of the provisions of Article XI.1 of the GATT 1994 WTO agreement related to discrimination against export products in the form of nickel ore. Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this research is to analyze the rules of the prohibition of Nickel Exports Based on International Law reviewed based on the theory of state sovereignty in Indonesia. Methods of the Research: This research uses normative legal research using a statutory approach and conceptual approach, and uses descriptive analysis techniques supported by two legal materials, namely primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Results of the Research: Indonesia certainly has a strong reason why these restrictions are carried out. In addition to national economic growth, it also realizes sustainable development. This research is conducted to describe the policy through the lens of international trade law and Indonesia's authority as a sovereign state.

This work presents the economic, advanced thermodynamic, and exergoeconomic studies of a system for producing power and freshwater. The proposed system comprises a multi-effect desalination system, an organic Rankine cycle, a centrifuge, and process heaters by utilizing a mix of bagasse and municipal solid waste as primary fuels. The amounts of avoidable, unavoidable, endogenous, and exogenous shares of exergy destruction for the cycle’s components have been calculated by an advanced exergy method. For the integrated cycle, the electricity generation and freshwater productions are 36.6 MW and 7000 m3 per day, respectively. The costs of electricity production and water desalination are 2.6 US$/GJ and 4.6 US$/m3. To present an improved understanding of the system operation, an advanced exergy study is conducted on each involved component of the system at their operating conditions to identify the share of the avoidable irreversibilities. For the integrated system, 85% of the total exergy destruction is calculated to be unavoidable and just 15% of the estimated amount is avoidable. In this case, the opportunity to enhance the system’s operation is roughly limited. Additionally, 76% of the exergy destruction is endogenous, and the remaining belongs to exogenous exergy destruction.

This study aims to examine the effect of attitudes on behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions, and behavior in implementing the shopee paylater payment system (buy now pay later) in generation Z in Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study is generation Z with criteria ranging from 18 years to 30 years who have or are currently buying products at e-commerce shopee using the paylater payment system. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a total sample of 100 respondents. The type of data used is primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires through questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach using Smartpls 4 software. The results of the research based on the analysis of the regression coefficients (t-statistics and p-value) show that the attitude variable has a negative and insignificant effect on the behavioral intention variable. subjective norm variable has a negative and insignificant effect on behavioral intention variable. the variable perceived behavioral control has a negative and insignificant effect on the behavioral intention variable. perceived behavioral control variables have a positive and significant effect on behavioral variables. Then the behavioral intention variable has a positive and significant effect on the behavior variable or generation Z behavior.

The emergence of the Islamic banking Industry in Indonesia up to now has not escaped from challenges and problems, among the main ones is how Islamic banks are leading the market share by increasing customer interest in using Islamic banking services. Quantitative methods were used in this research with a sample of 100 respondents of Islamic bank customers who lived in a special region of Yogyakarta which was selected by using a purposive sampling approach, and multiple linear regression by using SMART PLS 2.0. applied as the tools of analysis. The result shows that financial literacy does not affect the interest in becoming Islamic customers. Meanwhile, digital marketing and accessibility do affect the interest in becoming Islamic bank customers. Then, age and education as moderating variables are not able to moderate financial literacy, digital marketing, on interest in becoming Islamic bank customers. The practical implications of this research suggest that marketers can make more informed decisions, such as intensifying promotional efforts on digital platforms and enhancing customer accessibility. Additionally, this study recommends further research to address the limitations by including cybersecurity perceptions as a moderating variable. By doing so, the research will be able to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

Iman A Basheti,1,2 Thafer Yusif Assaraira,3 Nathir M Obeidat,4 Fawwaz Al‐Abed Al‐haq,5 Mashhoor Refai6 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; 2School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3English Department, Mutah University, Al‐Karak, Jordan; 4Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 5Department of English Language and Literature, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan; 6King Abdullah II School of Engineering, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Iman A Basheti, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, 11931, Jordan, Email iman.basheti@sydney.edu.auBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on global mental health including anxiety and depression rates, many factors affected the vulnerability to these psychological conditions amongst university students.Aim: To explore the level of anxiety and depression of university students living in Jordan.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted in which an electronic survey was created and distributed, university students residing in Jordan participated in the study.Results: A total of 1241 students were enrolled in the study. The mean anxiety score among males and females was (9.68 (SD = 4.10)) and (10.46 (SD = 4.14)), respectively. 42.1% of males had “abnormal” anxiety score compared to 48.4% females. The mean depression score among males (7.77 (SD = 4.31)) was similar to that for the females (7.64 (SD = 4.14)), and 26.0% of the males had “abnormal” depression score compared to 22.6% of the females. Factors affecting anxiety scores included younger age, being a female, taking medication/s, or drinking two cups of coffee or more a day.Conclusion: With 46% and 24% of students suffering from abnormal anxiety and depression respectively, it is important for education policy makers to take immediate measures to allocate students in need of psychological assessment and help to deliver suitable interventions.Keywords: anxiety, depression, students, Jordan, psychological assessment

Abstract. The tar content in producer gas may cause crusting on the engine if it is utilized as a fuel gas, thus it needs to be removed. This study aims to determine the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient in process of removing tar from producer gas in a packed-bed contactor column. This process is carried out continuously using used-cooking oil as absorbent. This was carried out by contacting the producer gas as a product of cacao pod-husk gasification at temperature range of 491-940°C at a certain counter-current flow rate with used-cooking oil in a column with a Raschig ring packing bed. The study used packed-bed materials with specific surface areas of 29.3927 m²/m³, 49.7532 m²/m³, 95.4113 m²/m³, 96.8182 m²/m³, 101.6840 m²/m³, and 105.0128 m²/m³, and with the linear velocity of used-cooking oil ranging from 0.0229 m/s to 0.0827 m/s. A mass transfer coefficient mathematical model has been constructed based on the research results. The model applies to the ranges (As.dt), (DL/dt.vL), and (µL / ρL.vL.dt) from 2.2397 to 8.0020, 2.26.10-10 to 1.72.10-9, and 0.0331 to 0.3102, respectively, with an average error of 9.33%. The average tar removed was 87%. Keywords: Producer gas, mass transfer coefficient, packed-bed column, tar, used-cooking oil

Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic is a choice so that learning can continue. However, in its implementation, various obstacles were found. These obstacles are caused by poor internet networks, limited internet quotas, and the availability of teaching materials that do not support the online learning process. Therefore the objectives of this study are to describe: 1) The validity of the biology e-module, 2) The practicality of the biology e-module, and 3) Students’ responses to the biology e-module based on I-SETS using eXeLearning on bacterial material. The method used in this study is the research and development method with the ADDIE model. The result shows that: 1) The average validity results of biology e-modules, include the material validity of 94,5% (very valid) and the media validity of 95% (very valid), 2) The practicality of the biology e-module was obtained at 94% (very practical), and 3) The average student’s responses to the biology e-module was obtained at 85% (very good). So, it can be concluded that the biology e-module that has been successfully developed can be used in online biology learning. Pembelajaran daring selama pandemi COVID-19 menjadi alternatif pilihan agar pembelajaran tetap dapat berlangsung. Akan tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya ditemukan berbagai kendala. Kendala-kendala tersebut disebabkan oleh jaringan internet yang buruk, kuota internet yang terbatas, dan ketersediaan bahan ajar yang kurang mendukung proses pembelajaran daring. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) Validitas e-modul biologi, 2) Praktikalitas e-modul biologi, dan 3) Respons siswa terhadap e-modul biologi berbasis I-SETS menggunakan eXeLearning pada materi bakteri. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Rata-rata validitas e-modul biologi, meliputi validitas materi sebesar 94,5% (sangat valid) dan validitas media sebesar 95% (sangat valid), 2) Praktikalitas e-modul biologi sebesar 94% (sangat praktis), dan 3) Rata-rata respons siswa terhadap e-modul biologi sebesar 85% (sangat baik). Maka dapat disimpulkan e-modul biologi yang berhasil dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran biologi secara daring.

Abstract Background Seaweed polysaccharides have been recommended as anticancer supplements and for boosting human health; however, their benefits in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and improving immune surveillance remain unclear. Olaparib is a first-in-class poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Oligo-Fucoidan, a low-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharide purified from brown seaweed (Laminaria japonica), exhibits significant bioactivities that may aid in disease management. Methods Macrophage polarity, clonogenic assays, cancer stemness properties, cancer cell trajectory, glucose metabolism, the TNBC 4T1 cells and a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model were used to inspect the therapeutic effects of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan supplementation on TNBC aggressiveness and microenvironment. Results Olaparib treatment increased sub-G1 cell death and G2/M arrest in TNBC cells, and these effects were enhanced when Oligo-Fucoidan was added to treat the TNBC cells. The levels of Rad51 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) facilitate drug resistance and TNBC metastasis. However, the combination of olaparib and Oligo-Fucoidan synergistically reduced Rad51 and PD-L1 levels, as well as the activity of EGFR and AMPK; consistently, TNBC cytotoxicity and stemness were inhibited. Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib better inhibited the formation of TNBC stem cell mammospheroids with decreased subpopulations of CD44high/CD24low and EpCAMhigh cells than monotherapy. Importantly, Oligo-Fucoidan plus olaparib repressed the oncogenic interleukin-6 (IL-6)/p-EGFR/PD-L1 pathway, glucose uptake and lactate production. Oligo-Fucoidan induced immunoactive and antitumoral M1 macrophages and attenuated the side effects of olaparib, such as the promotion on immunosuppressive and protumoral M2 macrophages. Furthermore, olaparib plus Oligo-Fucoidan dramatically suppressed M2 macrophage invasiveness and repolarized M2 to the M0-like (F4/80high) and M1-like (CD80high and CD86high) phenotypes. In addition, olaparib- and Oligo-Fucoidan-pretreated TNBC cells resulted in the polarization of M0 macrophages into CD80(+) M1 but not CD163(+) M2 macrophages. Importantly, olaparib supplemented with oral administration of Oligo-Fucoidan in mice inhibited postsurgical TNBC recurrence and metastasis with increased cytotoxic T cells in the lymphatic system and decreased regulatory T cells and M2 macrophages in tumors. Conclusion Olaparib supplemented with natural compound Oligo-Fucoidan is a novel therapeutic strategy for reprogramming cancer stemness, metabolism and the microenvironment to prevent local postsurgical recurrence and distant metastasis. The combination therapy may advance therapeutic efficacy that prevent metastasis, chemoresistance and mortality in TNBC patients.

Program Keluarga Berencana (KB) sudah berjalan lama, namun masih banyak calon akseptor khususnya wanita usia subur yang mengalami kesulitan di dalam menentukan pilihan jenis kontrasepsi. Hal ini tidak hanya karena terbatasnya metode yang tersedia, tetapi juga oleh ketidaktahuan mereka tentang persyaratan dan keamanan metode kontrasepsi tersebut. Tujuan kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk dapat membantu wanita usia subur memilih jenis kontrasepsi dengantepat. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di RT 01, Kelurahan 16 Ulu, Kecamatan Seberang Ulu 2, Kota Palembang pada tanggal 27 Mei 2023. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah wanita usia subur yang telah menikah dan berjumlah 20 orang. Metode kegiatan ini terdiri pemeriksaan kesehatan (skrining), penyuluhan dengan menggunakan media PowerPoint, leaflet, jenis-jenis alat kontrasepsi dan diskusi. Selanjutny aevaluasi dengan pemberian konseling dan pemasangan alat kontrasepsi untuk peserta yang siap. Hasil yang didapatkan dari kegiatan ini adalah kondisi kesehatan peserta menunjukkan yaitu sebanyak 9 (45%) wanita usia subur yang menderita hipertensi dan sebanyak 11 (55%) tidak mengalami hipertensi. Setelah pelaksanaan pengabdian Masyarakat ini diharapkan wanita usia subur akan mengganti metode kontrasepsi yang tidak tepat untuk meminimalisasi efek samping yang muncul.

تقرير المنتدى الخليجي الحواري: إلى أين يتّجه الخليج فكريًا؟ قراءة في تحوُّلات المشهد الفكري الخليجي ومآلاته مركز ابن خلدون للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية، جامعة قطر

With the entry into the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, the development of digitization of various aspects at the village level began. The level of use of mobile devices in the commercial transactions of society is now a massive number of users. It happens not only in large transactions but also in small transactions. With the community's high interest in the use of smartphone devices, this is a different opportunity to explore the potential of each village by helping the community, tiny and medium enterprises in conducting transactions, sales, and marketing online through the village government website. The village information system itself requires an e-commerce feature on its page to help small and medium enterprises in the area to sell products online through a simple page display. This research aims to design and develop new features of the village system that plays a role in the field of e-commerce with the Direct Message transaction method. The system development methodology used is Agile with Scrum as a framework. The Agile Model is a short-term development model that requires rapid adaptation and development to changes in any form. This e-commerce feature is for local communities, especially Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, so their products' marketing reach is even more outstanding while being recorded in the village system.

Historians consider Islam to be one of the world's youngest religions, having emerged in the early seventh century. Within a century the early Muslims established an empire that stretched from modern-day Spain to India in the east. Many of the conquered peoples eventually converted to Islam, laying the groundwork for today's global Muslim community, widely regarded as the world's second-largest and fastest-growing religion. No other religion in the world has spread as quickly as Islam. Some scholars attribute the quick emergence of the Islamic message to the geographical and geo-historical setting of Arabian Peninsula. Others believe that Islam is imposed on people by force, while another group of scholars believes that the veracity of the Islamic message inspired people to accept it of their own free will and conviction. They entirely negate the role of Islamic political dominance in spreading the Islamic message. Using an analytical approach, we argue in this article that, while Islam is not forced on people, it is clear that Islamic civilizational dominance played a significant role in the spread of the Islamic Message. It is concluded that throughout history, political and civilizational factors have always played an indirect role in the spread of cultural and religious values, and Islam is no exception in this regard...

Wave electricity extraction technology in advanced international locations holds to advance. One of the strategies used is a point absorber, which extracts electricity from the response of its system. The essential machine includes a floating buoy and a response management tool referred to as a heave plate. This look discusses the impact of the heave plate's floor location variant at the hydrodynamic parameters of a hexagonal-fashioned buoy (heave and pitch Response Amplitude Operator (RAO), brought mass, and radiation damping). The evaluation changed into performed the usage of the industrial software program ANSYS AQWA. The effects of the evaluation display that the presence of the heave plate at the buoy version affects the RAO values, mainly for the heave and pitch modes. Increasing the ratio of the heave plate's floor location results in a growth withinside the RAO heave price however decreases the RAO pitch price. Additionally, the presence of the heave plate influences the values of brought mass and radiation damping. The maximum ratio of heave plate location effects withinside the maximum brought mass price. This price gradually decreases because the ratio of the heave plate location decreases, and the buoy without a heave plate has the bottom price. This is reversed for the radiation damping price, wherein the best heave plate ratio corresponds to the bottom damping price. The damping price will gradually increase because the heave plate ratio decreases, with the buoy without a heave plate having the best price. The presence of the heave plate in the buoy model influences the RAO values, particularly in the observed motion modes of heave and pitch.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with extensive lockdown strategies which included universities, forcing educational administrations to implement online learning and acknowledging the countless consequences it would have on the educational process. Those prompt changes highlighted the importance of online learning effects on educational outcomes. Aim: To assess students’ learning preferences and the stress associated with online and face-to-face learning. Methods: This is a multi-center cross-sectional study, employing a web-based Google Forms, which was conducted among four universities in Jordan. The survey assessed students’ demographic characteristics, educational methods received, assessment of factors that may have influenced students’ stress, and assessment of ‘stress’ using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Among 1241 participating students, most of the students preferred face-to-face learning (43.3%), although the majority believed that online learning is less stressful (42.2%). The majority believed that face-to-face learning is efficient (42.7%), and that online learning is moderately efficient (38.4%), while many (35.3%) reported that the future of learning will be blended 50/50 between online and face-to-face learning. The mean score of PSS was 20.88, with 62.9% reported to have experienced moderate perceived stress, and 22.4% experienced high perceived stress. Conclusions: Although Jordanian university students prefer face-to-face learning over online learning, they believe that online learning can be less stressful. In addition to that, Jordanian students experienced a high mean of the PSS score, with more than 20% of students reporting high perceived stress.