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Abstract A review is presented of the latest technologies for vertex detectors that can be used in experiments at the NICA collider. These technologies include both the novel pixel detectors with new ultralight radiation-transparent carbon composite structures and cooling systems. The efficiency of reconstructing D meson decay is estimated for the developed detector complexes, and the possibility of using these complexes to study the formation of clusters of cold, dense quark-gluon matter inside nuclei are studied.

Liver cancer remains a global challenge of healthcare, with the incidence growing worldwide. According to various authors, over 1 million patients will be diagnosed with liver cancer each year by 2025. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies with respect to genotoxic lesions and aetiologies. Although our understanding of the HCC pathophysiology and drivers tends to improve, it is still distant from translation into clinical practice. About 25 % of HCC cases are associated with variant mutations. HCC pathophysiology is a complex multi-step process. The interaction of various factors underlies the early stages of malignant hepatocyte transformation towards the development of HCC. Overall, about 20–25 % of HCC patients have at least one potential driver mutation. Obesity should also be noted as being associated with a higher risk of HCC and various other cancers. Despite many issues in the HCC pathogenesis being already known, the unresolved questions remain. Modern molecular genetic diagnostics and animal modelling of malignant tumours are expanding our horizons of knowledge in this field.

Introduction. Over the past two decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated that show the significant impact of social factors on the health of the population. The Republic of Bashkortostan is a large industrial centre and one of the most promising subjects of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study. Ranking the territories of the Republic of Bashkortostan by priority socioeconomic indices, as well as determining their impact on the health of the child population. Material and methods. As the initial data, the materials of the socioeconomic state of the Republic of Bashkortostan, data on the number and morbidity of the child population for the period 2014-2018 were used. Correlation-regression analysis was carried out, and qualitative assessments of the results obtained were given. The principle of dividing the territory into seven socio-economic zones, taking into account climatic and geographical features, the development of industrial potential and the existing socio-economic ties, was chosen as the basis for the study. Results. The ranking of territories by socio-economic indices in the Republic of Bashkortostan showed that most of the municipalities (over 60%) have a low level of socio-economic development. The most favourable conditions in terms of social comfort for children were found in the southern, central and northwestern economic zones. So, as socio-economic indices improve by 2018, the incidence of the population tends to decrease. Conclusion. Thanks to the data obtained, a number of the most disadvantaged areas in socio-economic development and morbidity in the child population have been identified. In these territories, it is recommended to develop a set of measures to improve and stabilise socio-economic indices.

Introduction. The activities of enterprises engaged in the production, preparation, transportation and primary processing of oil are associated with the formation and accumulation of a large amount of waste (spent drilling fluids, drilling mud, oil sludge, spent catalysts, etc.), which leads to pollution of environmental objects and can contribute to the formation of adverse effects on public health. Materials and methods. The sanitary and hygienic state of atmospheric air, soil, the water of surface (rivers, lakes) and underground (wells, wells, springs) water sources, the water of centralized water supply systems in the territories of large oil fields the Republic of Bashkortostan is carried out. The origins of information were data from many years of in-house research, the regional information fund of the Sanitary Hygienic Monitoring, and departmental laboratories. Results. Studies have found that in areas of oil production, the content of chemicals in concentrations exceeding hygienic standards is detected: in the atmospheric air - dihydrosulfide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide; in underground waters - chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, iron, strontium, increased mineralization and general hardness; in the soil - sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, petroleum products. Contamination of water from underground water sources and atmospheric air can contribute to the risk of adverse effects from individual organs and systems, as well as carcinogenic hazards. Based on the results of the study, ecological and hygienic recommendations were developed. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the level of public health risk associated with environmental factors in the oil-producing region was assessed, and a set of hygienic measures was justified.

The effect of low-pressure high-frequency (HF) plasma treatment on the structure of the materials formed by bundles of natural protein (collagen) fibers is considered. The outer surface of the material is being affected by a constant flow of ions and a pulse-periodic flow of electrons. During this procedure the electrons flow at opposite sides of the sample in antiphase. This leads to that an alternating electric field is created, which intensity is estimated approximately at 105 V/m, inside the material. As a result, in the capillaries and pores, a breakdown occurs and charged particles are forming during this process. The recombination of these particles releases an energy of 15.76 eV on the surface of pores and capillaries, which is transferring to the surface molecules of the protein, which leads to the bulk modification of the material based on protein fibers. Such volumetric processing provides an effective modification of structural elements, allowing you to significantly improve the quality of liquid treatments in the production of collagen-containing materials and their properties in general.

As a result of the evaluation of the indicators of a large fishing enterprise of the Volga-Caspian basin (carrying out extraction and processing of biological resources), proposals were presented to reduce the value of the property and sources of financing of the organization, and this decrease was generally balanced with changes in revenue and profit of the enterprise. Considering the results of the analysis, as well as external and internal factors of the organization’s functioning, it is recommended to create a planning system to ensure financial stability in subsequent periods. Implementation is possible with the organization of the budgeting process. A stock management strategy was proposed to optimize their volume and structure. ABC analysis was used for this purpose, which made it possible to strengthen control over the main types of stocks and improve management efficiency. The proposed measures will facilitate the release of funds and contribute to the stabilization of the financial condition of the enterprise.