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The current study was carried out in 2019–2021 using the material and technical base of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, in order to research winter bread wheat samples of various ecological and geographical origin according to productivity and some economically valuable traits, to identify the most adapted of them for the conditions of the southern part of the Rostov region. The objects of the study were 17 winter bread wheat samples of ecological variety testing. The variety ‘Ermak’ was used as a standard. As a result of the study, there was found that the productivity of the samples (2019–2021) ranged from 7.75 (‘Etana’) to 9.52 t/ha (‘MV 15-04’). The standard variety ‘Ermak’ (8.20 t/ha) was exceeded by 9 samples ‘Akhmat’, ‘MONE’, ‘KIV – 6’, ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘XE 9710’, ‘MV 15-04’, ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’, the increase was from 0.45 to 1 .32 t/ha (0.42 t/ha with НСР05). According to ‘heading date’, the samples ‘KIV-6’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ (May 19–20) belonged to the middle-early maturing group; the samples ‘Akhmat’, ‘MONE’ (May 21–22) belonged to the middle-late maturing group; the samples Astarta, XE 9710, MV 15-04 (May 23–24) belonged to the late maturing group. According to ‘plant height’, the variation ranged from 81.5 cm (‘Akhmat’) to 100.3 cm (‘XE 9710’), the standard ‘Ermak’ had 99.5 cm. All studied samples belonged to a medium-large-grain-sized group (34.05–40.72 g) according to ‘1000-grain weight’. Through the years of study, the sample ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ showed 0 points of powdery mildew resistance (defeat in the field). There have been identified the best septoria blight resistant samples ‘KIV-6’ (Russia) and ‘Astarta’ (Ukraine), with a damage degree of 5–10 %. The standard variety ‘Ermak’ had 30–40 %. As for yellow rust, the standard variety ‘Ermak’ was damaged on 50–60 %, the sample ‘No. 71 CIMMYT’ was damaged on 20–30 %; the sample ‘MONE’ on 5–10 %; the sample ‘KIV-6’ was damaged on 0–5 %; the remaining samples ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’, ‘Chornyava’, ‘XE 9710’ and ‘MV 15-04’ were resistant to this pathogen. According to the complex of economically valuable traits for practical breeding in the conditions of the south of the Rostov region, three winter bread wheat varieties ‘KIV-6’ (Russia), ‘Astarta’, ‘Slavna’ (Ukraine) have been of the greatest interest.

The main purpose of breeding and commercial production is the quantity of grain and its quality. Occupying 74 % in the structure of grain crops, and 80 % in terms of gross yields, wheat grain is the most important source of income for grain producers in the Rostov region. The purpose of the current study was to reveal the effect of forecrops on productivity and SDS-sedimentation of the promising winter bread wheat varieties. In the trial there were studied 12 winter bread wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” and sent to the State Variety Testing in recent years. There were estimated productivity and the amount of SDS-sedimentation. On average, over the three years of study (2019–2021), for all the studied forecrops, in terms of productivity there have been identified such winter wheat varieties of the intensive type as ‘Razdolie’ (7.14 t/ha), ‘Razgulay’ (7.67 t/ha) and ‘Vasilich’ (7.51 t/ha), which makes it possible to recommend these genotypes for sowing according to high and medium levels of Agricultural background. Among winter wheat varieties of semi-intensive type there has been identified only one variety ‘Donets’ (7.31 t/ha), which allows us to characterize it as a universal variety and recommend it for sowing in production according to high, medium and low levels of Agricultural background. According to the value of SDS-sedimentation for all the studied forecrops, there have been identified such varieties of intensive type as ‘Razdolie’ (62 ml), ‘Azov Sea’ (61 ml), ‘Razgulay’ (63 ml) and ‘Vasilich’ (63 ml). The varieties of semi-intensive type did not significantly exceed the value of SDS-sedimentation of the standard variety or were at its level, however, the values were high. Such SDS-sedimentation values have indicated that the presented genotypes are able to form high grain quality for all the studied forecrops and regardless of the productivity value.

The current paper has presented the results of the study conducted in the southern part of the Rostov region by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019–2021. The purpose of the work was to identify how grain productivity and its qualitative indicators of the winter bread wheat variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ are formed under the influ­ence of various sowing dates and after various forecrops and to estimate the economic efficiency of these elements of cultivation technology. There were used such dates in the trial as September 10, September 20, September 30, and October 10; such forecrops as peas (for grain), sunflower, black fallow, green-manured fallow (corn kale). When laying and conducting the trial, there were used conventional methods. The total area of the plots was 55 m2, the accounting area was 41.25 m2, with four-fold repetition. The seeding rate was 5 million germinated seeds per 1 ha. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The arable layer of the soil contained 3.2 % of humus; 7.0 of pH; 18.5–20.0 of P2O5; 342–360 mg/kg of K2O. The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed its adaptabil­ity to the sowing dates when sown in black fallow. At the same time, there was identified a positive effect of the sowing in black fallow on September 20 and 30, where the productivity level of the variety reached 6.92–6.95 t/ha, and there was obtained the largest conditionally net income of 62058–62732 rubles/ha. There was established that the highest production profitability was 165.3–168.7 % when the variety was sown after peas on September 30 and October 10. There was a high adaptability to the sowing of the variety at the end of the optimal sowing dates in green-manured fallow, after peas and sunflower. The lowest productive profitability was established when the variety was sown after sunflower (135.4–153.4 %) and in green-manured fallow (127.5–139.2 %). The determining factor in the productivity formation was a productive thick stand, which, depending on the forecrops and sowing dates, varied from 452 to 654 pcs/m2. Black fallow, green-manured fallow and peas contributed to the production of high-quality grain.