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1. Roadmap on Advances in Visual and Physiological Optics

Author

Gómez-Correa, Jesús E., Vohnsen, Brian, Pierścionek, Barbara K., Chávez-Cerda, Sabino, Kling, Sabine, Rozema, Jos J., Applegate, Raymond A., Scarcelli, Giuliano, Randleman, J. Bradley, Goncharov, Alexander V., Fitzpatrick, Amy, Morgan, Jessica I. W., Roorda, Austin, Atchison, David A., Trevino, Juan P., Consejo, Alejandra, Börjeson, Charlie, Lundström, Linda, Bang, Seung Pil, Yoon, Geunyoung, Karnowski, Karol, Kaluzny, Bartlomiej J., Grulkowski, Ireneusz, Barbero, Sergio, Artal, Pablo, Tabernero, Juan, Kollbaum, Pete, and Thébault, Stéphanie C.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The field of visual and physiological optics is undergoing continuous significant advancements, driven by a deeper understanding of the human visual system and the development of cutting-edge optical technologies. This Roadmap, authored by leading experts, delves into critical areas such as corneal biomechanical properties, keratoconus, and advancements in corneal imaging and elastography. It explores the intricate structure-function relationship within the eye lens, offering new perspectives through lens models and ray tracing techniques. The document also covers advancements in retinal imaging, highlighting the current state and future directions, and the role of adaptive optics in evaluating retinal structure and function in both healthy and diseased eyes. Furthermore, it addresses the modelling of ocular surfaces using different mathematical functions and examines the factors affecting peripheral image quality in the human eye, emphasizing the importance of these aspects in visual performance. Additional topics include schematic and functional models of the human eye, the impact of optical and chromatic aberrations, and the design of contact, and intraocular lenses. Finally, the Roadmap addresses the intersection of neurosciences with vision health, presenting a comprehensive overview of current research and future trends aimed at improving visual health and optical performance. Ultimately, this Roadmap aims to serve as a valuable resource for ophthalmologists, optometrists, vision scientists, and engineers dedicated to advancing the field of visual and physiological optics., Comment: This is the pre-peer-review and pre-editing version of the article, as submitted by the author to Journal of Optics

Published
2024

2. Identity masking effectiveness and gesture recognition: Effects of eye enhancement in seeing through the mask

Author

Rachow, Madeline, Karnowski, Thomas, and O'Toole, Alice J.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Face identity masking algorithms developed in recent years aim to protect the privacy of people in video recordings. These algorithms are designed to interfere with identification, while preserving information about facial actions. An important challenge is to preserve subtle actions in the eye region, while obscuring the salient identity cues from the eyes. We evaluated the effectiveness of identity-masking algorithms based on Canny filters, applied with and without eye enhancement, for interfering with identification and preserving facial actions. In Experiments 1 and 2, we tested human participants' ability to match the facial identity of a driver in a low resolution video to a high resolution facial image. Results showed that both masking methods impaired identification, and that eye enhancement did not alter the effectiveness of the Canny filter mask. In Experiment 3, we tested action preservation and found that neither method interfered significantly with driver action perception. We conclude that relatively simple, filter-based masking algorithms, which are suitable for application to low quality video, can be used in privacy protection without compromising action perception., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023

3. Mobile news access, mobile news repertoires, and users’ tendency to talk about the news – an experience sampling study on mobile news consumption

Author

Karnowski Veronika, Knop-Huelss Katharina, and Olbermann Zoe

Subjects
news use, news repertoires, mobile news, mobile media, meta-media, latent class analysis, Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

Over the past three decades, our media ecologies have substantially transformed, changing how people get in touch with the news. These changes have also led to higher variability in news access across users’ daily lives. Using the microcosm of mobile news consumption as a proxy for the changes in our general news use, we explore types of mobile news access and mobile news repertoires and their relations to users’ tendency to talk about the news. Our exploratory study aims to describe intra- and inter-personal variations in mobile news use. By taking this fine-grained perspective on mobile news use, we provide a more comprehensive assessment than cross-sectional studies, which is valuable to researchers and practitioners in mobile news.

Published
2024
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4. Managing the Development of Offshore Wind Energy Projects in Poland – Opportunities and Challenges

Author

Mróz-Malik, Oliwia, Drożdż, Wojciech, Rzepka, Agnieszka, Karnowski, Jakub, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Alareeni, Bahaaeddin, editor, and Hamdan, Allam, editor

Published
2024
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5. Challenges and Solutions for Grid Penetration Caused by EV Charging Stations in Urban Areas

Author

Jaworski, Jaroslaw, Miskiewicz, Radoslaw, Miazek, Pawel, Drozdz, Wojciech, Rzepka, Agnieszka, Karnowski, Jakub, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Alareeni, Bahaaeddin, editor, and Hamdan, Allam, editor

Published
2024
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6. The Development of Low-Emission Public Urban Transport in Europe

Author

Bachanek, Konrad Henryk, Karnowski, Jakub, Drozdz, Wojciech, Rzepka, Agnieszka, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Alareeni, Bahaaeddin, editor, and Hamdan, Allam, editor

Published
2024
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7. Analysis of the Dynamics of Revenues of Selected National Economies from the Export of Energy Resources

Author

Drożdż, Wojciech, Jaworski, Jarosław, Miśkiewicz, Radosław, Karnowski, Jakub, Rzepka, Agnieszka, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Alareeni, Bahaaeddin, editor, and Hamdan, Allam, editor

Published
2024
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10. Die Einfl\'usse von Arbeitsbelastung auf die Arbeitsqualit\'at agiler Software-Entwicklungsteams

Author

Sanden, Christian, Karnowski, Kira, Steinke, Marvin, Neumann, Michael, and Linke, Lukas

Subjects
Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Due to the Covid 19 pandemic and the associated effects on the world of work, the burden on employees has been brought into focus. This fact also applies to agile software development teams in many companies due to the extensive switch to remote work. Too high a workload can lead to various negative effects, such as increased sick leave, the well-being of employees, or reduced productivity. It is also known that the workload in knowledge work impacts the quality of the work results. This research article identifies potential factors of the workload of the agile software development team members at Otto GmbH & Co KG. Based on the factors, we present measures to reduce workload and explain our findings, which we have validated in an experiment. Our results show that even small-scale actions, such as the introduction of rest work phases during the working day, lead to positive effects, for example, increased ability to concentrate and how these affect the quality of the work results., Comment: in German language

Published
2022

11. Dolphin Health Classifications from Whistle Features

Author

Brittany Jones, Jessica Sportelli, Jeremy Karnowski, Abby McClain, David Cardoso, and Maximilian Du

Subjects
bioacoustics, machine learning, health classifier, dolphin whistles, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Bottlenose dolphins often conceal behavioral signs of illness until they reach an advanced stage. Motivated by the efficacy of vocal biomarkers in human health diagnostics, we utilized supervised machine learning methods to assess various model architectures’ effectiveness in classifying dolphin health status from the acoustic features of their whistles. A gradient boosting classifier achieved a 72.3% accuracy in distinguishing between normal and abnormal health states—a significant improvement over chance (permutation test; 1000 iterations, p < 0.001). The model was trained on 30,693 whistles from 15 dolphins and the test set (15%) totaled 3612 ‘normal’ and 1775 ‘abnormal’ whistles. The classifier identified the health status of the dolphin from the whistles features with 72.3% accuracy, 73.2% recall, 56.1% precision, and a 63.5% F1 score. These findings suggest the encoding of internal health information within dolphin whistle features, with indications that the severity of illness correlates with classification accuracy, notably in its success for identifying ‘critical’ cases (94.2%). The successful development of this diagnostic tool holds promise for furnishing a passive, non-invasive, and cost-effective means for early disease detection in bottlenose dolphins.

Published
2024
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17. In vivo imaging of the human eye using a 2-photon-excited fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscope.

Author

Boguslawski, Jakub, Palczewska, Grazyna, Tomczewski, Slawomir, Milkiewicz, Jadwiga, Kasprzycki, Piotr, Stachowiak, Dorota, Komar, Katarzyna, Marzejon, Marcin, Sikorski, Bartosz, Hudzikowski, Arkadiusz, Głuszek, Aleksander, Łaszczych, Zbigniew, Karnowski, Karol, Soboń, Grzegorz, Palczewski, Krzysztof, and Wojtkowski, Maciej

Subjects
Medical devices, Ophthalmology, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Middle Aged, Ophthalmoscopes, Optical Imaging, Retina, Retinal Diseases
Abstract

BackgroundNoninvasive assessment of metabolic processes that sustain regeneration of human retinal visual pigments (visual cycle) is essential to improve ophthalmic diagnostics and to accelerate development of new treatments to counter retinal diseases. Fluorescent vitamin A derivatives, which are the chemical intermediates of these processes, are highly sensitive to UV light; thus, safe analyses of these processes in humans are currently beyond the reach of even the most modern ocular imaging modalities.MethodsWe present a compact, 2-photon-excited fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectrally resolved images of the human retina based on 2-photon excitation (TPE) with near-infrared light. A custom Er:fiber laser with integrated pulse selection, along with intelligent postprocessing of data, enables excitation with low laser power and precise measurement of weak signals.ResultsWe demonstrate spectrally resolved TPE fundus images of human subjects. Comparison of TPE data between human and mouse models of retinal diseases revealed similarity with mouse models that rapidly accumulate bisretinoid condensation products. Thus, visual cycle intermediates and toxic byproducts of this metabolic pathway can be measured and quantified by TPE imaging.ConclusionOur work establishes a TPE instrument and measurement method for noninvasive metabolic assessment of the human retina. This approach opens the possibility for monitoring eye diseases in the earliest stages before structural damage to the retina occurs.FundingNIH, Research to Prevent Blindness, Foundation for Polish Science, European Regional Development Fund, Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, and Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

Published
2022

20. Border Patrol agent killed in Vermont worked at the Pentagon during 9/11, family says

Author

McCORMACK, KATHY and KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press, Border patrols, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

A U.S. Border Patrol agent who was https://apnews.com/article/vermont-border-patrol-shooting-d40ffa36bad16cfce6174daa3cd3fb96 near the Canadian border was a military veteran who worked security duty at the Pentagon during the Sept. 11 attacks, his family [...]

Published
2025

21. Biden commutes sentence for Indigenous activist Leonard Peltier, convicted in killing of FBI agents

Author

LONG, ZEKE MILLER COLLEEN and KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Political activists -- Cases, Murder -- Cases, Reformers -- Cases, Social reformers -- Cases, Pardon -- Cases, Native Americans -- Cases, Company legal issue, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

WASHINGTON (AP) — Indigenous activist https://apnews.com/article/leonard-peltier-parole-hearing-2d0df4e4997d988ec229b05de9dba648 will return home nearly half a century after he was imprisoned for the 1975 killings of two FBI agents. President Joe Biden commuted Peltier's [...]

Published
2025

23. Minnesota Legislature could be headed for a rocky start to its 2025 session

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press -- Political activity, Political parties, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — The 2025 session of the Minnesota Legislature could be headed for a rocky start when it convenes Tuesday, with House Democrats threatening to boycott opening [...]

Published
2025

26. New House GOP budget proposal revives Farm Bill extension and aid money but drops ethanol provision

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Alcohol -- Political aspects -- Government finance -- Economic aspects, Medium term notes -- Political aspects -- Economic aspects -- Government finance, Agricultural policy -- Political aspects -- Government finance -- Economic aspects, Alcohol, Denatured -- Political aspects -- Government finance -- Economic aspects, Agricultural subsidies -- Government finance -- Political aspects -- Economic aspects, Acetaldehyde -- Economic aspects -- Political aspects -- Government finance, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — American farmers are hoping that aid to agriculture will be revived as https://apnews.com/article/government-shutdown-trump-musk-johnson-e4b5c93d12838d180740a35daecc118d to pass a short-term spending bill that would keep the federal government funded and [...]

Published
2024

27. Transgender powerlifter asks Minnesota Supreme Court to let her compete in women's events

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Forensic oratory, Discrimination, Human rights, Gay athletes, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — A transgender athlete should be allowed to compete in the women's division at powerlifting events because she's protected against discrimination by the Minnesota Human Rights [...]

Published
2024

28. Minnesota Republicans sue to force election rerun in tight House race where 20 ballots are missing

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press -- Cases -- Political activity, Political parties -- Cases -- Minnesota, Election workers -- Cases -- Political activity -- Political aspects, Company legal issue, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Minnesota Republicans filed a lawsuit Monday to try to force a rerun of a state House race where the incumbent Democrat won by 14 votes — but [...]

Published
2024

29. Couple charged in ring suspected of stealing $1 million in Lululemon clothes

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Theft -- Reports, Sporting goods stores -- Reports, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — A Connecticut couple has been charged in Minnesota with being part of a shoplifting ring suspected of stealing around $1 million in goods across the country from [...]

Published
2024

30. Noem's Cabinet appointment will make a plain-spoken rancher South Dakota's new governor

Author

HANNA, JOHN and KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Political parties -- South Dakota, Governors -- Appointments, resignations and dismissals, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

https://apnews.com/article/kristi-noem-immigration-trump-homeland-security-border-60d998d6c973411c020fd5824456c860 built a national profile during the COVID-19 pandemic, had fellow Republicans buzzing about her future, and published two political memoirs in three years. Lawmakers describe the man set to [...]

Published
2024

31. Gov. Tim Walz will face new era of divided government in Minnesota

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press -- Political activity, Political parties -- Minnesota -- United States, Electioneering, Governors -- Political activity -- Political aspects, News agencies -- Political activity -- Political aspects, Political campaigns, State government -- Political aspects, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Gov. https://apnews.com/hub/tim-walz faces a new era of divided government when he returns home from the presidential campaign trail, now that Republicans appear to have broken the Democratic [...]

Published
2024

33. Democratic Sen. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota wins 4th term, defeating ex-NBA player Royce White

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Basketball (Professional), News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — https://apnews.com/hub/amy-klobuchar has won a fourth term, defeating anti-establishment Republican and https://apnews.com/article/minnesota-senate-royce-white-amy-klobuchar-3c7ed9b8d64c3c09823e6a632b9f8ebe in Minnesota’s top election matchup. “To the state of Minnesota. I once again pledge to you [...]

Published
2024

34. More than counting steps: Identifying types of self-tracking usage among German young adults

Author

Veronika Karnowski and Doreen Reifegerste

Subjects
Communication. Mass media, P87-96
Abstract

Self-tracking technologies have been regarded both very optimistic and very critical. However, these conclusions are often based on single application studies and lack empirical evidence on actual self-tracking usage. We set out to identify types of self-tracking usage based on users’ mobile media ensembles and their varying levels of engagement with the technology. Using latent class analysis, we empirically identified three types of self-tracking usage based on an online survey of a representative sample of N = 367 German self-trackers aged 18 to 30. Results indicate interactive intensive self-trackers spend more time physically active per week than feedback-oriented basic self-trackers and purist step counters. In addition, the injunctive norm-setting perception of algorithmic feedback is significantly higher for feedback-oriented basic self-trackers and interactive intensive self-trackers than purist step counters. Future research should be aware of these differences in young adults’ engagement with self-tracking of physical activity and integrate them into empirical research, especially when aiming to assess the effects of self-tracking.

Published
2023
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35. Harris taps Minnesota Governor Walz for VP Tim Walz's greatest asset is what he is not; With choice of veteran and union champion, Democratic nominee looks to shore up campaign's standing in crucial upper Midwest

Author

Long, Colleen, Miller, Zeke, Karnowski, Steve, Weissert, Will, and Kim, Seung Min

Subjects
Electioneering -- Forecasts and trends, Political campaigns -- Forecasts and trends, Presidential candidates -- Political activity, Vice-Presidential candidates -- Political activity, Market trend/market analysis, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

Byline: COLLEEN LONG, ZEKE MILLER, STEVE KARNOWSKI, WILL WEISSERT, SEUNG MIN KIM; ASSOCIATED PRESS PHILADELPHIA -- U.S. Vice-President Kamala Harris introduced Minnesota Governor Tim Walz as her running mate Tuesday, [...]

Published
2024

36. How to link privatization and the development of pension funds – a proposal

Author

Aleksander Grad, Jakub Karnowski, and Andrzej Rzońca

Subjects
economic growth, pension system, pension funds, privatization, state-owned enterprises, corporate governance, Economics as a science, HB71-74, Finance, HG1-9999
Abstract

This article shows how the development of pension funds in Poland can be linked to privatization. It also proposes a mechanism, modeled on solutions adopted in Scandinavia, to strengthen corporate governance in state owned enterprises. It argues that such a link would make it easier to overcome the political obstacles to privatization that stem from its negative public perception. First, the link would result in a sustainable diffusion of business ownership and would effectively separate politics from business management. Second, it would increase pension savings without straining public finances. The literature review indicates that both effects would be conducive to Poland's long-term economic growth.

Published
2022
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38. Minnesota GOP scores a win challenging who will review absentee ballots in Hennepin County

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Minnesota. Supreme Court -- Officials and employees, Political parties -- Minnesota, News, opinion and commentary, Republican Party (United States) -- Officials and employees
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — The Minnesota Supreme Court has ordered election officials in the state's most populous county to go back to a list submitted by the state's Republican Party and [...]

Published
2024

39. Tim Walz, wife and son vote early in Minnesota

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press, News agencies, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

ST. PAUL, Minn. (AP) — The Democratic vice presidential candidate, Minnesota https://apnews.com/hub/tim-walz his wife, Gwen, and their son, Gus, went to a polling place in St. Paul on a crisp [...]

Published
2024

42. Following death of Hamas leader, Harris says it's 'time for the day after to begin' in Gaza

Author

MEGERIAN, COLLEEN LONG CHRIS and KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Palestinian Arabs, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MILWAUKEE (AP) — Kamala Harris said Thursday that Israel's https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-hamas-lebanon-hezbollah-news-10-17-2024-d12ca71945313e601cf10876072f4182 offers 'an opportunity to finally end the war in Gaza,' talking plainly about next steps even as the pro-Palestinian demonstrators [...]

Published
2024

43. Minnesota school district bans officer from teaching after he reenacted George Floyd's murder

Author

KARNOWSKI, BY STEVE

Subjects
Police administration, School districts, Employment services, Murder, Teaching, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — A Minnesota school district has banned a police officer from working as a substitute teacher after a series of “racially harmful” actions that officials say included putting [...]

Published
2024

44. Walz tramps through tall grass but bags no birds as pheasant hunting season opens

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Hunting, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Democratic vice presidential candidate https://apnews.com/hub/tim-walz carried a shotgun and tramped through tall grass as Minnesota's pheasant hunting season opened, giving the campaign a chance to highlight the [...]

Published
2024

47. In-person voting begins for the US presidential contest, kicking off the sprint to Election Day

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
Electioneering, Political campaigns, Presidents -- Elections, Voting, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — In-person voting for this year’s presidential election began Friday, a milestone that kicked off a six-week sprint to https://apnews.com/hub/election-2024 after a summer of political turmoil. Voters lined [...]

Published
2024

48. DHL sues MyPillow, alleging company founded by Mike Lindell owes $800,000

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
News agencies -- Cases, Company legal issue, The Associated Press -- Cases
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Package https://apnews.com/article/germany-deutsche-post-dhl-shares-government-4037767ccaa550bbdd8cf795e828e7be is suing MyPillow, alleging the company synonymous with its founder, chief pitchman and election denier Mike Lindell owes nearly $800,000 for unpaid bills. The lawsuit […]

Published
2024

49. Pair of rare Amur tiger cubs debuting at Minnesota Zoo are raising hopes for the endangered species

Author

VANCLEAVE, MARK and KARNOWSKI, STEVE

Subjects
The Associated Press, Siberian tiger -- Protection and preservation, News agencies -- Protection and preservation, Endangered species -- Protection and preservation, Wildlife conservation -- Protection and preservation, Zoos -- Protection and preservation, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

APPLE VALLEY, Minn. (AP) — A pair of rare Amur tiger cubs are making their public debut at the Minnesota Zoo, raising hopes for preserving an endangered species that's native [...]

Published
2024

50. Takeaways from Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz's response to violence after George Floyd's murder

Author

KARNOWSKI, STEVE and GOLDBERG, MICHAEL

Subjects
Governors -- Demonstrations and protests, Murder -- Demonstrations and protests, Violence -- Demonstrations and protests, News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

MINNEAPOLIS (AP) — Kamala Harris' selection of https://apnews.com/hub/tim-walz to be the Democratic vice presidential candidate has revived the debate over how he handled the biggest crisis of his political career. [...]

Published
2024

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