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The notion of Control in Complex Systems has started almost 60 years ago by Kalman. However, the results obtained were not sufficient for systems with complex topologies (Complex Networks) and non-linear dynamics. Thanks to many works and especially the one of Liu et.al. on 2011, the topic of Control in Complex networks has returned to the forefront and has been studied intensively during the last decade. Big progress has been made, but still there are many different aspects unsolved in the area. Different notions like structural controllability or required energy to control a network have been imported, but a unifying framework between Complex Systems and Control Theory is still missing, as non-linearity, complexity and dimensionality make it difficult and very often infeasible to extract general and unifying conclusions about this kind of systems. In this work we explore the dynamical properties of the Kuramoto model, focusing the theoretical analysis on the Star-Graph topology taking into consideration the original Kuramoto model, as well as a perturbed expansion of it. Then, a candidate control Lyapunov function is proposed and together with the rest of the theoretical results, is validated by performing various numerical simulations and deploying Model Predictive Control for the controlled cases.

© 2022 Elsevier. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Searching for achieving an ambitious reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the EU has set as a goal a modal shift in freight transport of 30% by rail for the near future. In this context, it is vital to use modal choice models road versus rail to assess the shippers' acceptance of the actions promoting the use of rail. This paper develops a combined model for jointly evaluating modal split and railway freight ows, addressed to the case when a modal split based on a random utility model is available, and some of its coe -cients may present a non-negligible variability. To this end, after the initial deterministic formulation a robust counterpart of the model is developed. The model, formulated as a non-linear integer programming problem, is oriented to a multi-carrier environment and includes constraints to consider the interactions between the di erent types of ows on the railway network, allowing a good evaluation of the cost types of the carriers and the network capacity. An algorithmic solution based on the outer approximation method is shown to provide accurate solutions in a reasonable computational time for the robust and non-robust versions of the model. Examples centered on a section of the Trans-European Transport Network, the TEN-T Core network corridors, are reported to test the model's applicability. Results show that this model can be a helpful tool for analyzing the possible shippers' response to the di erent railway carriers' services competing with the road.