Objective: To study the methods of primary culture and purity identification of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: In a sterile environment, the bone marrow was collected from the femur and tibia of SD rats, digested with enzymes first, and subcultured the extracted BMSCs by using the whole bone marrow cell suspension adherence method, and the third generation cells with good growth were selected for identification; BMSCs were induced to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic, and the differentiation effect of BMSCs was identified by oil red O (ORO) and alizarin red (ARS) staining; CD34, CD44 and CD90 were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of three types of BMSCs surface markers was analyzed. Results: BMSCs are long spindle-shaped adherent cells, and the growth state is fibroblast-like swirl. During the passage of the third generation BMSCs, they developed to the growth latent period on the 1st-3d, showing a slower growth rate, and developed on the 3rd-5d. In the logarithmic growth phase, it grows at a high speed. After the 7th day, the growth speed reaches the maximum, and the speed stops increasing and enters the plateau phase. After the induction of osteogenesis and adipogenicity of BMSCs, the identification of the induced differentiation found that the cells showed obvious morphological changes, Staining fat by ORO, the cells showed orange red; after the end of osteogenic induction culture, staining calcium salt by ARS showed red, and mineralized nodules appeared, indicating that BMSCs had good osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capabilities; FCM It was found that the expression of CD34 was negative (1.09 %), and both CD90 (96.8 %) and CD44 (92.4 %) were positive, which was consistent with the phenotype of BMSCs. Conclusion: BMSCs were effectively isolated and cultured by the whole bone marrow adherent culture technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]