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IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the common primary glomerulonephritis, which is also an important risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal disease induced by IgAN, whereas there is still a risk of recurrence of IgAN after kidney transplantation. At present, research progress upon IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation is relatively lacking. The pathogenesis of IgAN recurrence remains elusive, and its pathological manifestations are not specific. The diagnosis of IgAN recurrence still depends on renal biopsy. Besides, no effective prevention and treatment are available for recurrent IgAN. In this article, research progress on IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation was illustrated from the perspectives of pathogenesis, diagnosis, risk factors and treatment, aiming to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of IgAN recurrence after kidney transplantation and improve clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green trade as one of the important content of green silk road construction, pays an important role in the extension of the green supply chain, guide the direction of the green investment and improve the green industry layout. Firstly, the green trade data of countries along the Silk Road from 2000 to 2019 are divided into four stages based on the ordered clustering method, and then the changes of regional status, intra-regional pattern and intra-regional competition and cooperation in global green trade in each stage are explored. The results show that :① From the perspective of global status and spatial structure, the global status of green trade of countries along the "sea line" has significantly increased from 2000 to 2019. The "multi-core" spatial structure of regional green trade is also becoming more and more obvious. Among them, Southeast Asia has been in the "core" echelon of the main position. ② From the perspective of the green trade structure between China and the countries along the "Silk Road", China's green trade deficit is unstable and in a long-term deficit state, and its external competitive advantage is increasing year by year, but it is still in a weak competitive advantage; However, the structure of green trade products between China and countries along the "Silk Road" is reasonable and highly complementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silk, as a natural protein fiber, is a crucial raw material for high-grade textile products due to its exceptional breathability, moisture permeability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, silk possesses delicate luster and a soft feel that are adored by people worldwide, earning it the title of “queen of fibers”. However, the yield of silk is heavily influenced by cocoon quality, and only approximately 20% of cocoons can be transformed into pure silk fibers. Traditional silk processing generates an alarming waste amounting to 55% due to this limitation. To enhance silk utilization efficiency and fully exploit its value, numerous researchers have employed nonwoven processing technology in silk production. The resulting nonwovens not only significantly improve the utilization rate but also offer advantages such as high production efficiency and low cost while harnessing the excellent performance characteristics of silk. The common nonwoven process mainly consists of two processes: mesh formation and reinforcement. The main methods of mesh formation include dry-laid nonwoven, wet-laid nonwoven, and electrostatic spinning method. Reinforcement methods include needling, hydroentanglement, chemical bonding, and thermal bonding. Silk nonwovens can be obtained through these processes. This paper provides a systematic summary of the production process and product characteristics of silk nonwovens. Silk nonwovens manufactured by needle reinforcement in dry-laid processing involve inserting hooked spines into the fiber mesh repeatedly to form physical entanglement. It offers advantages such as permeability, good mechanical properties and high production efficiency, making it suitable for thermal materials, filter materials and bedding products. Dry-laid hydroentangled nonwovens are achieved by using high-pressure water flow and reflection flow to intertwine the fiber mesh. It possesses characteristics like good air permeability and soft feel without damaging the fibers. This method is suitable for medical protective materials and health materials. The dry-laid silk nonwovens reinforced by chemical method, thermal bonding method and wet-laid silk nonwovens are seldom used at present. Electrospinning is a method in which polymer melt/solution is stretched into fiber mesh under the action of high voltage electrostatic field. The resulting regenerated silk fibroin fiber has the advantages of small diameter, large specific surface area and good filtration performance, and can be used in various high-end medical materials and tissue engineering materials, but there are difficulties in industrialization. When the material cannot meet the performance requirements, the method of post-finishing is often used to improve the performance or aesthetics of nonwovens to meet the requirements of different uses of products. In practical applications, different fields have different performance requirements for nonwovens. Nonwovens used in sanitary products require antibacterial properties and hydrophilic properties. Nonwovens for medical protection require water, blood, alcohol, and static resistance. Hydrophilic finishing, antibacterial finishing, flame retardant finishing, UV resistant finishing and other finishing methods are commonly used to improve the performance of silk nonwovens. Because of the biocompatibility, biodegradability, richness in amino acids, hand feel, and mild luster of silk fiber, silk nonwoven materials can be widely used in beauty, medical health, tissue engineering, insulation and other fields. The utilization of nonwoven technology in silk fiber production offers a novel approach to fully harnessing the potential of silk fibers, expanding their application scope, and driving their adoption across diverse fields. Blending silk with other materials addresses issues such as low wear resistance and susceptibility to creasing, while also enhancing various properties of silk. Simultaneously, multifunctional and high-performance modifications enable tailored enhancements for specific applications, thereby facilitating the broader implementation of silk nonwovens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: From the pathological mechanism of Western medicine, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is the key pathogenic factor of lumbar spinal stenosis, and there is a lack of biological information on lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare differential protein expression between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis of the Qi deficiency and blood stasis type. METHODS: Ligamentum flavum tissue samples were collected from six lumbar spinal stenosis patients with Qi deficiency and blood stasis, including three cases of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (experimental group) and three cases of normal ligamentum flavum (control group). 4D Label free quantitative proteomic detection was performed to screen differentially expressed proteins. Gene oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 183 differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, including 87 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated. Gene oncology enrichment analysis showed that biological processes mainly focused on cell processes, biological regulation and response to stimuli. Cell composition was concentrated in cell, intracellular, and protein-complex species. The main molecular functions included linkage, catalytic activity and molecular function regulator. The up-regulated proteins were mainly enriched to lysosomal signaling pathway, rheumatoid arthritis signaling pathway, and Staphylococcus aureus infection signaling pathway, while the down-regulated proteins were enriched to eight signaling pathways, namely p53 signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, transforming growth factor β signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated protein hydrolysis signaling pathway, Ca signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, and proteoglycan signaling pathway in cancer. INHBA, MMP14, TNC, HTRA1, FGF2 were the important differentially expressed proteins in the experimental group. To conclude, there are differential protein expressions between hypertrophic and normal ligamentum flavum in patients with Qi-stagnation and blood-stasis type lumbar spinal stenosis. INHBA may be the determinant of this disease, and its mechanism may be the activation of transforming growth factor β/Smad related signaling pathway, causing ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and subsequently leading to lumbar spinal stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]