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Solar-powered desalination is considered to be a technology can resolve the shortage of fresh water resources effectively. However, most of the photothermal conversion materials used in this technology adopt a combined structure, and the material is difficult to realize the floating, which need to use oil-based foam as a carrier of the foundation. Therefore, using MXene (Ti3C2Tx) for light absorption material, biodegradable nanocellulose (CNF) and sodium alginate (SA) as skeleton materials prepared a kind of environmental and can realize the floating MXene/CNF/SA bilayer photothermal conversion material (M-CSA). The structure and properties of M-CSA bilayer photothermal conversion materials were studied. The results showed that when 0.30 wt. %MXene is added, the solar absorptivity of M-CSA bilayer photothermal conversion material could reach 95.87%, and the evaporation rate could reach 0.93 kg·m-2·h-1 under one sun illumination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]