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Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of mawālī, used to express the non-Arab Muslims who began to enter the Islamic society with the early Islamic conquest movements, constitutes one of the most controversial issues in the history of the Umayyads. Mawālī gained a place in the political, economic, cultural, literary, and scientific fields by integrating into the new society with the "velā" relationship they established with the Arabs. The nature and extent of mawālīs' participation in various fields is one of the current research issues of today's academy. This article does not aim to examine the political, economic, cultural, and literary aspects of the mawālī, but rather to determine the claim made by orientalists in the context of the Umayyad State as "the role of the mawālī in the formation of Islamic sciences" by using the "Prosopography" method through the city of Kūfa, one of the areas of encounter between the Arabs and the mawālī. The article begins with the conceptual background, followed by the historical narrative viewed through influential Orientalists' perspectives, and subsequently discusses Arab scholars' opinions. Finally, it presents the process and findings of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This retrospective review of nearly a century of publications in Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ) traces the maturation of media studies toward a scientific discipline. The field's dominant paradigms—media effects and communicator uses—persist, adapt, and diversify over time, yielding actionable insights. Challenges include (a) bridging older and newer media theories, (b) harnessing data science, and (c) capitalizing on artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML). Future media research can conceptualize evolving three-dimensional interactions among media, people, and AI. We propose seven initiatives for the next century: revisiting classical theories, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, balancing descriptive and prescriptive theorization, nurturing indigenous theorizing, collaborating with industry, reverse theorizing with AI, and exploring and regulating AI's role in media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

لا تقدم الديانات الوضعية عقائد تتصف بالوضوح، وبناء إيمان يعبر عن الغاية التي يسعى إليها الإنسان في حياته الدنيوية، والطاوية من هذه الديانات التي تكرس وجودها من أجل مشروع يُراعي تنظيم حياة الإنسان، وذلك عبر إقامة توازن بين ثنائيات متضادة كالخير والشر، وهو الأمر العجيب؛ لأن الوسط بين الخير والشر لا يُعد بأية حال فضيلة يسعد الإنسان بها، ويتخذ منها معيارًا يرتكز عليه في تأسيس حياته الإنسانية وعلاقاته مع من حوله، ونستطيع أن نفهم أن تجربة الأنسنة قائمة في الطاوية من خلال علاقة المسالمة مع الآخر، لكنها لا تجيبنا عن موقفها من الخطيئة والذنوب، ويبدو أن الوضع الفلسفي الذي تطور يومًا بعد يوم من تاريخ هذه الديانة القديمة كان المسيطر الأمر الذي آل إلى وجود عقيدة شديدة الوضوح في التناقض، ومنها علاقة الجزاء على الشر والخير؛ فقد جعلت عاقبة الشر قِصر العمر، والإصابة بالأمراض، وعاقبة الخير طول العمر، والسَّلامة من الأمراض، ومنشأ ذلك كون هذه العقيدة قائمة على إنكار البعث واليوم الآخر، ومن ثمَّ صاغت فلسفتها في قالبٍ يمزجُ بين الخرافة والعلم.

From the standpoint of the universality of the message of Islam, and the necessity of communicating it, the Islamic countries have been keen to provide appropriate support to students of knowledge coming to them from several countries, to be supporters of Islam and the Quran in their country. I have highlighted this through the research, whose idea was based on a statement of the efforts and sacrifices made by the countries to which it is sent, and the international students. This study showed the role of international students, and their fruitful scientific efforts after their scientific qualification and graduation, who contributed greatly to spreading knowledge and the Qur'an in their countries, and for this they established students, schools and universities. The research adopted the historical, the descriptive and the analytical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu araştırmada, ateizmin bilimselliği ve çağdaş bilimsel yöntemlerle ilişkilendirilmesi meselesi tartışılmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra insan, toplum ve tüm hayatı etkileyen üretim ve refah alanlarındaki deneysel araştırmalar ve maddi gelişmeler üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada söz konusu edilen şüphecilik birkaç kısımda ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda ateizmin hakikati ve gelişim koşulları da ele alınmıştır. Bu noktada ateist düşüncenin bilimsel delillere değil de materyalist düşünceye dayandığı ortaya konulmuştur. Makalede Allah'a, gayba ve öte dünyaya inanç meselesinin aklî ve bilimsel delillere dayandığı; çağdaş ateizmin ise somut maddi düşünceye dayandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons is the property of Journal of Science & Knowledge Horizons and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) is the property of Journal of Scientific Development for Studies & Research (JSD) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research addresses pedagogy as a means of moral education for Islamic thinkers in the fourth century A.H. All intellectual trends in this era have considered pedagogy as the first and main instrument of moral education, whether this education is teaching religious sciences such as the Qur’an and the Sunnah, or teaching theoretical sciences (humanities) such as history, philosophy and poetry, or even teaching practical sciences such as logic, engineering and music, as they used these sciences in upbringing a person morally, urging one to have good morals and ethical virtues, and to abandon bad morals and ugly sins, so that s/he can differentiate between good and evil, right and wrong, and make an individual a good, upright citizen for one's sake, and for the sake of their community, and their countrs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

کان جیش المرابطین متکونًا من عناصر عدیدة منها العرب والبربر والزنوج والسودان، وکان لهؤلاء العناصر دور کبیر فی نشر الإِسلام فی جنوب الصحراء والمغرب والأَندلس فقد خاضوا العدید من المعارک وحقَّقوا انتصارات کبیرة على القبائل الوثنیة وعلى الإِسبان والفرنجة، وقد اتخذ یوسف بن تاشفین من الجند السودان حرساً خاصاً به وکانوا مخلصین له ، وکانت أَسلحة الجیش المرابطی کثیرة ومتنوعة منها الثقیلة مثل المنجنیق والدبابة ومنها الخفیفة مثل الخنجر والسیف والرمح ومنها وقائیة مثل الخوذة والدرع وکان المرابطین یقومون بتدریبات عسکریة لعناصرهم فی بدایة الأَمر کانت فی الرُبُطْ لتی أَنشأها الشیخ عبدالله بن یاسین ثم توسعت بعد ذلک بتوسع دولتهم وأَنشأوا لهم معسکرات، وکانت غانة من المناطق الممیَّزة التی فتحها المرابطین وانضم شبابها إِلى دولتهم وصاروا جزءًا ممیَّزًا فی الجیش.

يتناول هذا البحث قبيلة تميم العربية التي ساهم ابناؤها في تطور وازدهار الجانب العلمية في أقاليم المشرق الإسلامي ، ومن خلال البحث سنتعرف على إبداعات علماء تميم في مختلف العلوم ، فقد أظهر علماء تميم اسهامهم الكبير في الحياة الفكرية وقدموا صورة واضحة وجلية ساهمت في بناء الحضارة العربية الإسلامية ، كما سعى علماء بني تميم الى تسخير قدراتهم العلمية وامكانياتهم المعرفية لرفد الحركة الفكرية في مدن اقاليم المشرق الإسلامي عامةً بأساليب متنوعة منها مشاركة العلماء في المؤسسات التعليمية العامة كعقد المجالس العلمية في المساجد ، وإعطاء الدروس والمحاضرات في المدارس، و تزويد المكتبات الإسلامية بثمار مؤلفاتهم العلمية ، ترك التبادل المعرفي بين البلاد العربية واقاليم المشرق الإسلامي اثاراً كبيرة انعكست نتائجها في ازدهار الحضارة العربية الإسلامية بشكل عام ، وكانت الرحلات العلمية احد طرق التبادل المعرفي ولبنو تميم دور واضح في التبادل العلمي من خلال رحلاتهم وهذا ما سندرسه من خلال البحث .

يرتكز الإلحاد المعاصر في منهجه على فكرة العِلموية، والتي تزعم بأن العلم الطبيعي وحده كاف للكشف عن حقائق الأشياء، وأن لا حقيقة أو معنى أو هدف كامن وراء ما يكشفه العلم التجريبي، وأن الدين أو التصوف أو الميتافيزيقيا هي أشكال من الظلامية التي تتعارض مع المنهج العلمي. وهذا ما يؤكده دوكينز باستمرار وبقوة، حيث يفترض تحالفاً دائماً بين العلوم والإلحاد، من خلال اللجوء إلى العلوم الطبيعية، وخاصة علم الأحياء التطوري. إلا أن نُقَّاد موجة "الإلحاد الجديد"، يصرُّون على ما تنطوي عليه من تناقض متأصل، وخاصة إصرارها على أهمية "الدليل"، فبينما يُقدم الإلحاد باعتباره الاستنتاج المنطقي الوحيد الممكن، من سلسلة المقدمات البديهية، ينبّه كثير من فلاسفة العلم، على أن أساسه النهائي هو في الواقع استدلالي، وبالتالي فهو مسألة غير مؤكدة، فقد فحص الآخرون الأدلة نفسها وتوصلوا إلى استنتاجات مختلفة. وأصبح من السائد في أوساط المجتمع العلمي، أن المنهج العلمي المجرد لا يمكن أن يفصل في مسألة وجود الله، وأن الإلحاد العلمي مضطر إلى إحداث قفزة من اللاإرادية إلى الإلحاد، وأن الذين يؤمنون بالله إنما يَصِلُون إلى استنتاجاتهم الدينية، استناداً إلى أسباب أخرى، فالعلم المجرد يلائم الرؤية الكونية والدينية، وهو قادر على استيعاب كل من وجهات النظر الإيمانية والإلحادية على حد سواء.

Copyright of Journal of Nabo is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

فيما يأتي مجمل لما أفدناه في مطالب هذا البحث الذي يتناول مسألة علم الله تعالى بالجزئيات، والتأمل فيما قرره أهل النظر فيها الذين تباينت آراؤهم فيها بين النفي- وهو مذهب جمهور الحكماء، سوى ما كان من الكندي وأبي البركات البغدادي- والإثبات- وهو مذهب المتكلمين- وتأتي أهمية البحث من عد هذه المسألة من بين أهم المسائل الاعتقادية وأكثرها خطورة؛ وقد وصلت تبعات إنكارها إلى حد رمي المنكرين بالكفر، كما فعل الغزالي في غير واحد من مصنفاته. وقررنا بحثنا على منهج برهاني جاء في معظمه بالحَل والنقض، وأحياناً نردف الأدلة البرهانية المساقة ببعض الحجج الجدلية الحسنة المستندة إلى مقدمات مسلم بها؛ للاستفادة من نتائجها الإلزامية. ويأتي بحثنا في مطالب ثلاثة، جعلنا أولها تمهيدا لبيان مفهومي الجزئي والكلي، وماهية العلم وحقيقته وأقسامه، وتمييز علم الله تعالى من بينها وكيفيته. وأوردنا في المطلب الثاني أهم الأدلة الموجبة لثبوت علمه تعالى مطلقاً، وعرض الشبهات المثارة حول كمالية علمه تعالى من جميع الجهات، كعدم علمه بذاته أو بغيره أو بغير المتناهيات، وتحليلها ومن ثَم ردها ونقضها. وخصصنا الثالث لعرض الحجج التي حررها منكروا علم الله بالجزئيات وبيان مدى تماميتها، ثم تقرير أهم الحجج الموجبة لثبوت علمه بها.

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة أنتربولوجيا العقلنة من خلال مقتضيات المفهوم وإشكالاته، إذ بات لزامًا علينا إعادة مراجعة العقلنة خصوصًا أمام ما يجري حاليًا في عالمنا من صراعات وتناحرات، ومن انشطار العالم إلى مجتمعات موغلة في الثراء والبذخ، وأخرى مثخنة بالحروب والفقر والخوف؛ إذ ليست المعرفة العلمية ولا القوة التكنولوجية ولا الهيمنة الاقتصادية أو أسلحة الدمار هي ما يحدد العقلنة؛ بل إن أساسها وجوهرها هو مدى قدرتها ومفعولها التعبوي والأخلاقي الذي افتقدته، وذلك عبر تزويد المجتمعات برؤية متوازنة للعالم مع توجيه سلوكات الناس إن سياسيًا أو اجتماعيًا أو ثقافيًا، إذ لا ينبغي الاكتفاء بالمنطق أو الاختبار بل مدى مطابقتها مع الأنساق المعرفية والاجتماعية التي تنتمي إليها مما ييسر تفهم منطق وعقلانية الثقافات الأخرى؟، وهل النسبية المعرفية تعني التشكيك الجذري في القيم العقلانية أم هي دعوة للمساواة بين الثقافات؟، كيف تستمد العقلنة طاقتها من العالم المعيش وأن تتحرر من الذاتية المركزية عبر مدها جسور التفاهم بين الثقافات؟.

هذه هي الكلمة التي ختم بها الشيخ أنتا ديوب مؤتمر الفلسفة والدين، الذي نظمته المجلة السنغالية للفلسفة، في جامعة داكار في المدة الممتدة من 7 إلى 8 من يونيو 1983م. وقد نُشرت ضمن أعمال هذه الندوة في المجلة السنغالية للفلسفة، العدد 5-6، يناير - ديسمبر 1984م، الصفحات: 179-199. وقد تطرق فيها إلى أزمة العقل وآفاق نظرية معرفية جديدة، والأمو الفلسفية العامة، والفلسفة والعلم والدين.

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Derviš ef. Spahić occupies a special place among Islamic scholars in our region. It is said that great nations have institutions and small – great individuals who ensure the continuation of their nation by their extraordinary sacrifice. This outstanding scholar held speeches, wrote, read and studied, in particular the Qur’an and hadith. He organized seminars for imams and he personally visited numerous jamaats in Central Bosnia and beyond, telling them on those occasions about the basics of pedagogical work. He gave imams school boards that he himself procured and paid for as well as wall boards for learning Arabic script, which he prepared and printed at his own expense. This came as a great relief to imams at a time when it was not easy to get textbooks for teaching Arabic script and similar professional literature. At the same time, he gave imams advice on how to teach others in the best possible way. This paper presents a short overview of the work of the wellknown muallim, muderris, pedagogue and methodologist Derviš ef. Spahić. In accordance with the given title, the paper covers the following manuscripts: Instructions for Learning the Qur’anic Script and Tajwid. By analyzing these manuscripts, we reached the conclusion that Derviš ef. Spahić made a significant contribution to the study of Tajwid science in our region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

هذه الدراسةُ محاولةٌ للكشف عن الأصول الفلسفية والكليات المنهجية التي تثوي وراء المسائل والأفكار التي ناقشها مالك بن نبي في كتابه الأول "الظاهرة القرآنية". فهذا الكتاب تميز بسمتين أساسيتين: فهو من ناحية يُعدُّ في السياق الإسلامي استجابةً فكرية وعلمية رائدة إزاء التحديات الفلسفية والمنهجية التي واجهت في العصر الحديث الدينَ والفكرَ الديني عموماً والإسلامَ خصوصاً، مفاهيمَ وقيماً ومؤسسات. وهو من ناحية ثانية ينطوي على المعاقد الفكرية الكبرى والإشكاليات الرئيسة التي وجهت فكر بن نبي فيما عالجه من موضوعات وقضايا في سائر مؤلفاته التي تتالت بعد كتاب "الظاهرة". وقد عُني البحث بتحليل الأطروحات والمواقف التي عبّر عنها بن نبي ومناقشتها بوضعها في سياقها التاريخي، وربطها بما حصل في الغرب من تطور فكري وفلسفي، من حيث مآلات الحداثة وتجليات ما بعد الحداثة.

Since the second century when religious studies began to emerge, Islamic scholars have both worked on the al-Ḳurʾān and Sunnah and sought an answer to the problems encountered in society. In this sense, the tenetrs were discussed without any classification. The disciplines of kalām, fiqh or tafsīr that emerged from the al-Ḳurʾān and Sunnah had been evaluated together in this field. In this regard, especially those who had the idea of iʿtizāl influenced other scholars by adding positive sciences to this field. At this point, Ibn Ḳutayba, who had a say in many fields from poetry to art, from literature to history, had a different approach to the issues compared to the classical scholars. As a matter of fact, Ibn Ḳutayba followed the scholars who preceded him in this field and went one step ahead with his studies. Ibn Ḳutayba did not evaluate the issues only in the context of the text, but brought a rational solution to the problems with the knowledge he obtained from every science that was active at the time. The versatile personality of Ibn Ḳutayba who had mastered different fields from medicine to poetry, from animal world to geography emerged in his handling of narrations. In this respect, even though Ibn Ḳutayba adhered to the people of ḥadīt̲as a method, he did not show a submissive attitude and interpreted many different narrations that the people of ḥadīt̲did not mention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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