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Objective: To increase the production of human milk, mothers must have an adequate, balanced, and healthy diet. This study investigated the effect of maternal food consumption on the macronutrient composition of breast milk. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 46 mothers. Food consumption and breast milk content of mothers were analysed on postnatal days 1, 5, and 15. Macro and micronutrient values consumed by the mothers were evaluated using the BeBis programme. Breast milk was analysed with Miris HMATM device. Results: In repeated measurements until mature milk was secreted (days 1st, 5th and 15th), the amount of carbohydrates and fat in breast milk gradually increased, whereas the amount of protein decreased. A significant negative correlation was observed between the amount of carbohydrates and energy consumed by mothers on the 5th day and the amount of breast milk proteins. There was a significant positive correlation between the amount of carbohydrates in the mothers' food consumption on the 15th day and the amount of carbohydrates in their breast milk. Conclusions: The effect of nutrient consumption of the mothers in the study group in the last 24 h on the macronutrient levels of breast milk was evaluated. It was observed that maternal food consumption affected the macronutrient composition of breast milk during the three follow-ups. In repeated measurements, the nutrients consumed by the mothers affected the breast milk (transitional milk, and mature milk) content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background/Aims: Hyperammonemia causes severe mortality and morbidity when left unnoticed. We aimed to compare the number of ammonia test requests before and after establishing the Department of Pediatric Metabolism (DPM) in a clinic of pediatrics. Methods: The study was conducted retrospectively between 15/11/2022-16/11/2023. Study data were evaluated before (pre-group) and after (post-group) the establishment of DPM. Results: Two hundred eighty-five admissions were assessed in the study. There were 99 admissions in the pre-group and 186 in the post-group. There were 17 admissions for different reasons in the pre-group and 29 in the post-group. The most common reasons for admission were elevated transaminases, seizures, vomiting and metabolic acidosis. Definitive diagnosis was made in 16 (17.6%) patients admitted in the pre-group and 39 (23.8%) in the post-group. The most common diagnoses were genetic syndromes, mitochondrial diseases and organic acidemias. Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). Mitochondrial diseases were the most commonly diagnosed IMD (8(38%)). From the 15 pediatric subunits, ammonia test was requested from 8 in the pre-group and 13 in the post-group. In the pre-group, the pediatric subunit where ammonia was requested the most was the Pediatric Neurology Polyclinic (n=25 (25.3%)). In the post-group, the subunit that required the highest number of ammonia tests was the DPM (68(23.9%)). In the ROC analysis conducted for the predictive power of the initial ammonia level in requesting a control ammonia test, the area under the curve is 0.927, and the p-value is 0.001. For the cut-off value of 60.3 µmol/l, the sensitivity was 90.9%, and the specificity was 88.6%. Conclusion: After DPM was established, there was an increase in ammonia test requests, in the diversity of reasons for requesting ammonia testing from admissions, and in IMD diagnosis. DPM had a positive effect on pediatricians’ awareness of hyperammonemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]