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New molecular genetic algorithms, as tools for the visualization and analysis of big data, have made it possible not only to illustrate the internal structure of DNA molecules within their parameters but also to explore the field of chaos theory, particularly to display processes and signals close to chaotic ones. This provides a new perspective on the problem of determining criteria for borderline states between order and chaos. This article demonstrates the differences between chaotic and quasi-chaotic signals when visualized with molecular genetic algorithms. It presents examples of molecular genetic mappings of signals generated using various pseudorandom noise generators, as well as acoustic signals. This article considers structural and integral (folded) mappings as one-dimensional and two-dimensional projections of the pattern. The authors illustrate the internal structure of the reconstructed signal mappings in spaces of fractional dimensionality, which is considered as a visualization of the entropy structure based on functional mappings in spaces of the fractional dimension. As a result of this research, it was found that the use of molecular genetic algorithms for visualizing information signals makes it possible to identify the so-called entropy structure of these signals. At the same time, the entropy structure of chaotic signals is absent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species or a decrease in antioxidants in the body. This imbalance leads to detrimental effects, including inflammation and multiple chronic diseases, ranging from impaired wound healing to highly impacting pathologies in the neural and cardiovascular systems, or the bone, amongst others. However, supplying compounds with antioxidant activity is hampered by their low bioavailability. The development of biomaterials with antioxidant capacity is poised to overcome this roadblock. Moreover, in the treatment of chronic inflammation, material-based strategies would allow the controlled and targeted release of antioxidants into the affected tissue. In this review, we revise the main causes and effects of oxidative stress, and survey antioxidant biomaterials used for the treatment of chronic wounds, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases (focusing on cardiac infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis) and osteoporosis. We anticipate that these developments will lead to the emergence of new technologies for tissue engineering, control of oxidative stress and prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intends to assess the content validity of an instrument intended to measure the relationship between digital literacy and information security culture among Malaysian administrative and diplomatic officers (ADO). Throughout the process of determining the content validity of the instrument, six specialists were contacted. The item content validity index (I-CVI) and scale content validity index (SCVI) were established for assessing content validity. The two characteristics that were discovered were security risk and security awareness, and each of them had seven and six items, respectively. On the security risk and security awareness aspects of the information security culture, the scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.95 and 1.00 respectively, and the item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.95 to 1.00. Both indices were consistent with a high level of reliability. It has been determined that the instrument possesses a high level of content validity. In the future, research may be conducted to ensure that the instrument's reliability and other types of validity, such as face validity, concept validity, and criteria validity, are investigated to improve the instrument's applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: It is desirable to identify predictors of regression of liver fibrosis after achieving sustained virological response by anti‐hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) therapy. We retrospectively investigated the serum interferon‐γ inducible protein 10 kDa (IP‐10) level as a predictive indicator of regression of liver fibrosis after successful hepatitis C virus eradication by direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) therapy. Methods: The study participants were recruited from a historical cohort of 116 chronically hepatitis C virus‐infected patients who had achieved sustained virological response by DAAs therapy and whose serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) levels at baseline (before DAAs therapy) were ≥2.0 cut‐off index. We defined patients with M2BPGi levels <1.76 and ≥1.76 cut‐off index at 2 years after the end of treatment (EOT) as the regression (n = 71) and non‐regression (n = 45) groups, respectively. Results: Multivariate analyses revealed that the albumin‐bilirubin score at baseline, and albumin‐bilirubin score, Fibrosis‐4 index at 24 weeks after the EOT, and serum IP‐10 change from baseline to 24 weeks after the EOT (IP‐10 change) were significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis. In addition, IP‐10 change was significantly associated with regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis by a multivariate analysis, even when the serum M2BPGi levels were aligned by propensity score matching and in patients with advanced M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis: M2BPGi levels ≥3.3 cut‐off index at baseline. Conclusions: Serum IP‐10 change from baseline to 24 weeks after the EOT is a feasible predictor of regression of M2BPGi‐based liver fibrosis after achieving sustained virological response with DAA therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious and economically important transboundary disease that is rapidly spreading to the globe. The disease causes high morbidity and a low mortality rate of infection. The animals show acute or chronic illnesses depending on the immune responses of the hosts. The economic burden of LSD manifested the poor-quality hides, a drop in milk and meat production, abortion, and death. Methods: This systematic literature review was accomplished according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature on lumpy skin disease has been explored over the last two decades and searched keywords on online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Both automated and manual searching tools were used to screen the articles. The literature published other than English was rejected during the screening process. Conference papers were excluded during the screening. Results: LSD is transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods and is most prevalent in summer and rainy seasons. Exotic-bred cattle and calves are highly susceptible. Although the disease has low mortality, the high mortality of the disease prevails in endemic regions in complicated cases. Calves from unvaccinated cows should be vaccinated at any age, on the other hand, the calves from vaccinated cows should be immunized at 3 months of age. Animals should be vaccinated before the risk period. Strict biosecurity, quarantine, and immunoprophylaxis can reduce the prevalence of the disease. Conclusions: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an acute infectious and contagious disease affecting cattle and water buffaloes. The disease causes serious economic loss due to decreased production, skin problems, and mortality in complicated cases. Further details on genetic characterization, transmission dynamics, and host-pathogen interaction should be performed to prevent the prevalence of the disease in emerging or reemerging countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), a predominant form of brain injury in preterm survivors, is characterized by hypomyelination and microgliosis and is also the major cause of long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities in premature infants. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) plays a pivotal role in mediating cell death and inflammatory signaling cascade. However, very little is known about the potential effect of RIPK1 in PVL and the underlying mechanism. Herein, we found that the expression level of RIPK1 was drastically increased in the brain of PVL neonatal mice models, and treatment of PVL neonatal mice with Necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s), an inhibitor of RIPK1, greatly ameliorated cerebral ischemic injury, exhibiting an increase of body weights, reduction of cerebral infarct size, neuronal loss, and occurrence of necrosis-like cells, and significantly improved the long-term abnormal neurobehaviors of PVL. In addition, Nec-1s significantly suppressed hypomyelination and promoted the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), as demonstrated by the increased expression levels of MBP and Olig2, the decreased expression level of GPR17, a significant increase in the number of CC-1-positive cells, and suppression of myelin ultrastructure impairment. Moreover, the mechanism of neuroprotective effects of Nec-1s against PVL is closely associated with its suppression of the RIPK1-mediated necrosis signaling molecules, RIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL. More importantly, inhibition of RIPK1 could reduce microglial inflammatory injury by triggering the M1 to M2 microglial phenotype, appreciably decreasing the levels of M1 marker CD86 and increasing the levels of M2 markers Arg1 or CD206 in PVL mice. Taken together, inhibition of RIPK1 markedly ameliorates the brain injury and long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities of PVL mice through the reduction of neural cell necroptosis and reversing neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The survival rate for pediatric cancer has increased over the past few decades, short- and long-term complications have been detected and studied, and oral complications have emerged as an important topic of research. Here, we aimed to highlight the importance of oral manifestations that may only become apparent years or even decades after cancer treatment. Childhood cancer survivors presented a higher risk of having dental alterations than control counterparts. Additional analyses reveal possible sex-based differences that should be explored in future studies. These results collectively highlight the importance of oral healthcare and the prevention of disease in childhood cancer survivors. The survival rate for pediatric cancer has increased over the past few decades, short- and long-term complications have been detected and studied, and oral complications have emerged as an important topic of research. Here, we aimed to highlight the importance of oral manifestations that may only become apparent years or even decades after cancer treatment. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. We searched articles using PubMed via the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and LILACS databases until October 2023. Overall, 35 observational studies were included, and the results estimated a pooled prevalence of the following dental anomalies: discoloration, 53%; crown-root malformations and agenesis, 36%; enamel hypoplasia, 32%; root development alterations, 29%; unerupted teeth, 24%; microdontia, 16%; hypodontia, 13%; and macrodontia, 7%. Most childhood cancer survivors have at least one dental sequela. Childhood cancer survivors presented a higher risk of having dental alterations than control counterparts. Additional analyses reveal possible sex-based differences that should be explored in future studies. These results collectively highlight the importance of oral healthcare and the prevention of disease in childhood cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interactions are crucial to successfully navigate daily life, and the presence of others can influence attention. With increases in online interactions, we investigated whether implied social presence (e.g., visual depiction of a fictitious player) and implied social interactions (e.g., instructing participants to cooperate or compete) affects attention in virtual settings. Participants completed a visual search task and were either told they were completing the task alone (controls) or they were cooperating/competing with another. Competition instructions led to faster but less accurate responses than cooperation instructions, however changing visual depictions did not affect performance. Compared to control conditions, participants prioritized accuracy during cooperation and speed during competition. Solo search for points led to significantly faster but less accurate performance compared to no points. Our findings suggest that there may be a low threshold to imply social presence, yet our beliefs regarding social interactions plays a role in affecting our attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the WHO, non-communicable diseases cause 71% of all deaths globally. Despite many studies showing a significant association between non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and cognitive decline, it is not researched in Tamil Nadu. Hence, this study was conducted to screen for psychiatric morbidity and cognitive impairment (CI) among NCD patients in Southern Chennai. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and CI and their associated factors among NCD patients attending NCD clinics of tertiary care hospitals. Methods and Material: A cross-sectional study was carried out in NCD patients (n = 343) attending an NCD clinic in a tertiary care hospital. Basic sociodemographic and clinical details were obtained by a semi-structured questionnaire. Cognition function and psychiatric morbidity were assessed using mini-mental state examination, patient health questionnaire 9 and generalised anxiety disorder 7 tools, respectively. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 58 years. Of 343 participants, 19.2% had severe CI, 26.8% had severe depression, and 29.7% had severe anxiety. Among 180 participants aged 59–86 years, 25.5% participants had osteoarthritis; of these, 41.3% had severe CI (P < 0.0001), 82.6% had severe depression (P < 0.0001) and 63% had severe anxiety (P < 0.027), and their association was statistically significant. Conclusions: This study concludes that about one-fourth of the NCD patients suffered from CI and psychiatric morbidity, which are of rising concern. Musculoskeletal diseases are neglected to be assessed under NCDs, and in this study, osteoarthritis was found to be significantly associated with depression, anxiety and CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Murine typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi, an obligately intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus. Rats (Rattus species) and their fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) serve as the reservoir and vector of R. typhi, respectively. Humans become infected when R. typhi-infected flea feces are rubbed into flea bite wounds or onto mucous membranes. The disease is endemic throughout much of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical seaboard regions where rats are common. Murine typhus is reemerging as an important cause of febrile illness in Texas and Southern California, where an alternate transmission cycle likely involves opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis). Although primarily an undifferentiated febrile illness, a range of neurologic manifestations may occur, especially when treatment is delayed. Serology is the mainstay of diagnostic testing, but confirmation usually requires demonstrating seroconversion or a fourfold increase in antibody titer from acute- and convalescent-phase sera (antibodies are seldom detectable in the first week of illness). Thus, early empiric treatment with doxycycline, the drug of choice, is imperative. The purpose of this review is to highlight murine typhus as an important emerging and reemerging infectious disease, review its neurologic manifestations, and discuss areas in need of further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the knowledge economy, intangible assets and intellectual property rights are increasingly recognized as a substance of competencies. As an emerging market of the world, Asian developing countries experience various issues related to intellectual property rights protection. Meanwhile, the current literature on intellectual property rights with an emphasis placed on Asia is quite scarce. Therefore, this study explores the determinants of the strength of intellectual property rights in 25 Asian developing countries during the 11-year period from 2006 to 2016. Using the fixed effects model (FEM) and random effects model (REM) with the Hausman test, the paper discovers the positive impacts of economic growth, trade openness, and WTO participation on the protection level of intellectual property rights. Unexpectedly, education is a negative determinant of intellectual property rights protection. This study aims to demonstrate the overall status quos of intellectual property rights regimes across Asian developing countries, so provide an important theoretical background for innovators, governments, and policymakers to design optimal intellectual property rights strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As online shopping is a rapidly growing sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), this study explored the influence of multiple factors on this topic: age, gender, and payment responsibility, which was considered for the first time. Data were collected from five focus groups with 30 participants to explore online customers' perceptions and practices. Based on the findings, a questionnaire was built and distributed, and 2,109 responses were received revealing different factors affecting online shopping in the KSA: the user experience with the Internet and online shopping, the product variety and diversity that online shopping provides, the competitive prices for online products, the convenience provided, and the security of online shopping. The analysis indicated insignificant gender and payment responsibility differences for all former factors. However, age variations were found for some factors, revealing that information regarding online customers' perceptions and practices is important for both the existing online companies to improve their adapted marketing strategies and those striving to enter the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a solution methodology for a dynamic electricity generation scheduling model to meet hourly load demand by combining power from large-wind farms, solar power using photovoltaic (PV) systems, and thermal generating units. Renewable energy sources reduce the coal consumption and hence reduce the pollutants' emissions. Because of uncertain wind velocity and solar radiation, the share of solar and wind units is restricted to certain limits of demand, considering ramping requirements. The solar and wind units start quickly, while the thermal units start slowly. The commitment to renewable energy units is made through a proposed optimistic optimizer to restrict the power generation share. Economic and environmental objectives of thermal units are unified using a price penalty factor, and the hybrid sine–cosine algorithm (HSCA) optimization method solves the problem. A forward approach is applied to handle the dynamic electricity generation scheduling optimization problem. HSCA incorporates local mutation and hill-climbing heuristics to reduce global operating costs and emission pollutants' while allocating generation to the devoted units. To handle the constraints, replacement and heuristic techniques are applied. The proposed method is verified on a system having solar PV units and wind power plants connected to 6, 13, and 40 thermal generating units, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant primary bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents, frequently develops resistance to initial chemotherapy, leading to metastasis and limited treatment options. Our study aims to uncover novel therapeutic targets for metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma., Methods: In this study, we proved the potential of modulating the YAP1-regulated glutamine metabolic pathway to augment the response of OS to DFMO. We initially employed single-cell transcriptomic data to gauge the activation level of polyamine metabolism in MTAP-deleted OS patients. This was further substantiated by transcriptome sequencing data from recurrent and non-recurrent patient tissues, confirming the activation of polyamine metabolism in progressive OS. Through high-throughput drug screening, we pinpointed CIL56, a YAP1 inhibitor, as a promising candidate for a combined therapeutic strategy with DFMO. In vivo, we utilized PDX and CDX models to validate the therapeutic efficacy of this drug combination. In vitro, we conducted western blot analysis, qPCR analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and PuMA experiments to monitor alterations in molecular expression, distribution, and tumor metastasis capability. We employed CCK-8 and colony formation assays to assess the proliferative capacity of cells in the experimental group. We used flow cytometry and reactive oxygen probes to observe changes in ROS and glutamine metabolism within the cells. Finally, we applied RNA-seq in tandem with metabolomics to identify metabolic alterations in OS cells treated with a DFMO and CIL56 combination. This enabled us to intervene and validate the role of the YAP1-mediated glutamine metabolic pathway in DFMO resistance., Results: Through single-cell RNA-seq data analysis, we pinpointed a subset of late-stage OS cells with significantly upregulated polyamine metabolism. This upregulation was further substantiated by transcriptomic profiling of recurrent and non-recurrent OS tissues. High-throughput drug screening revealed a promising combination strategy involving DFMO and CIL56. DFMO treatment curbs the phosphorylation of YAP1 protein in OS cells, promoting nuclear entry and initiating the YAP1-mediated glutamine metabolic pathway. This reduces intracellular ROS levels, countering DFMO's anticancer effect. The therapeutic efficacy of DFMO can be amplified both in vivo and in vitro by combining it with the YAP1 inhibitor CIL56 or the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. This underscores the significant potential of targeting the YAP1-mediated glutamine metabolic pathway to enhance efficacy of DFMO., Conclusion: Our findings elucidate YAP1-mediated glutamine metabolism as a crucial bypass mechanism against DFMO, following the inhibition of polyamine metabolism. Our study provides valuable insights into the potential role of DFMO in an "One-two Punch" therapy of metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma., (© 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Issue Addressed: The Deadly RED redesign and implementation research aimed to improve take own leave (TOL) rates within a Queensland emergency department by providing a culturally competent care pathway., Methodology: A mixed methods pre/post evaluation of the feasibility, acceptability and usability of the Deadly RED pathway for First Nations patients presenting to ED was performed. This pathway combined early welcome and information sharing, introduction of screening and follow up for patients who TOL and enhanced access to alternative community healthcare. Yarning circles facilitated co-design of research protocols and tools while a purposefully designed research Yarn enhanced understanding of the 'story' of the people. Qualitative analysis of Yarns allowed deductive themes to be extracted. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach and Indigenous research methodology involving First Nations people in design, knowledge sharing and joint ownership of results was used., Results: Common themes from the 85 yarns included the negative impact of long waiting times and positive impact from wholistic care. Unique themes identified included interpretation of waiting room placement and paracetamol prescription as a dismissal. Knowledge dissemination from yarning drove improvements in communications and processes to promote treatment completion resulting in elimination of these themes in post implementation yarns. Eighteen patients who had TOL were included in the post implementation yarns, however only eight of these believed that their treatment was incomplete., Conclusion: The use of yarning for consumer engagement has allowed deeper understanding of the reasons for TOL in First Nations emergency patients. The reciprocal knowledge sharing has guided targeted improvements in wholistic emergency care and communication resulting in First Nations patients feeling their care is complete even when the 'number' reports otherwise. SO WHAT?: Indigenous Research methodology including yarning with First Nations patients suggests alternative engagement methods to guide enhanced quality of care monitoring for ED presentations., (© 2023 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.)

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. Traumatic injury is one of the most common causes of death in people under the age of 40 worldwide, and one-third of all trauma-related deaths are a result of intracranial insults. We aimed to conduct a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of beta-blockers on outcomes in TBI patients. Result: Regarding CT brain, 45% of cases in the beta-blocker group and 60% of cases in the control group had abnormal CT findings. Contusion and brain edema were still observed in the beta-blocker group (5% in each), while hemorrhage was still found in 35% of cases in the beta-blocker group and 55% of cases in the control group. Furthermore, a fractured skull was observed in 5% of cases in the beta-blocker group and 20% of cases in the control group. No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding CT brain findings (p-value was > 0.05). Mortality was 15% in the beta-blocker group and 30% in the control group, while 95% of patients in the beta-blocker group and 90% of patients in the control group had ICU stay ≤ 14 days. Conclusions: Total hospital stay > 14 days showed a significant rise in the beta control group when compared to the blocker group while no significant differences between them in survival, ICU stay, total hospital stay, and total hospital length of stay for patients stayed ≤ 14. Patients in the beta-blocker group showed no significant differences in overall survival compared to patients in the control group. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05195996. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information overload on e-commerce sites or applications makes users spend more resources than they should. Buyers should be able to use it according to their own habits, needs, wants and beliefs. Personalization of e-commerce is a solution that can be used to overcome this problem. In this paper, the researcher creates a framework for personalizing e-commerce, especially for small and medium enterprises. This framework consists of the customer behavior assumption, technology requirement and business assumption. The customer behavior assumption contains an approach to the habits/nature of the buyers themselves. By understanding this, e-commerce can offer something suitable and different for each person. Meanwhile, with technology requirements, e-commerce is able to adapt to the development of content and scalability of e-commerce itself. To make users feel comfortable and willing to go back to shopping at the same e-commerce, the business assumption is another component in this framework. We conclude that the use of this personalization framework can have a major impact on increasing user retention in e-commerce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symbolic effects of bureaucratic representation assume that outcomes for citizen-clients change in response to the mere presence of bureaucrats with similar backgrounds. The social-psychological mechanisms in clients that may explain these changes are barely examined, though. Based on multi-source data on male and female high school students in the Netherlands, this study empirically tests a theoretical model that links student-teacher gender congruence to students' performance in math and Dutch language through the mediating role of students' gender-stereotypical beliefs and self-perceived abilities. The empirical analyses do not support the hypotheses. For student performance in math, no effects were found, while for Dutch language, a negative gender-representation effect was found for male students. In all, the results point at divergent relations between gender congruence, self-perceived abilities and performance for male and female students across subjects. The null results in this study suggest that symbolic effects of gender representation may be affected by national context and socio-economic status which should be considered as new frontiers for future research on representative bureaucracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic condition that is responsible for various long-term complications. Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications, but the underlying mechanisms are still undetermined. The autonomic imbalance is a major cause for CVS morbidity in T2DM which could also potentially affect cognition. But there is sparse data available in the literature to prove the association between autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Methodology: We recruited 40 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls. The assessment of cognitive functions was done by cognitive P300 event-related potential (ERP) and MoCA. Heart rate variability (HRV) was done to assess autonomic function. Results: The P300 ERP latency in Fz, Cz and Pz sites was significantly prolonged in T2DM patients (P < 0.001). We found moderate correlation is present between P300 latency and total power (r = - 0.466, P < 0.01) and LFnu (r = - 0.423, P < 0.01) in T2DM patients. The total power and HbA1C show independent association with P300 latency after adjustment for confounding factors like age and duration of diabetes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: As the incidence of Alzheimer's disease is rising among T2DM patients increasing their dependency, making necessary lifestyle measures at earliest to improve autonomic balance may prevent or delay the onset of cognitive decline and alleviate its consequences and improve the quality of life in T2DM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcriptomics methods (RNA-Seq, PCR) today are more routine and reproducible than proteomics methods, i.e., both mass spectrometry and immunochemical analysis. For this reason, most scientific studies are limited to assessing the level of mRNA content. At the same time, protein content (and its post-translational status) largely determines the cell's state and behavior. Such a forced extrapolation of conclusions from the transcriptome to the proteome often seems unjustified. The ratios of "transcript-protein" pairs can vary by several orders of magnitude for different genes. As a rule, the correlation coefficient between transcriptome–proteome levels for different tissues does not exceed 0.3–0.5. Several characteristics determine the ratio between the content of mRNA and protein: among them, the rate of movement of the ribosome along the mRNA and the number of free ribosomes in the cell, the availability of tRNA, the secondary structure, and the localization of the transcript. The technical features of the experimental methods also significantly influence the levels of the transcript and protein of the corresponding gene on the outcome of the comparison. Given the above biological features and the performance of experimental and bioinformatic approaches, one may develop various models to predict proteomic profiles based on transcriptomic data. This review is devoted to the ability of RNA sequencing methods for protein abundance prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have carried out a comprehensive study of the poorly investigated eclipsing polar 1RXS J184542.4 483134 with a short orbital period min. An analysis of its long-term light curves points to a change in the position and sizes of the accretion spot as the accretion rate changes. Narrow and broad components, which are probably formed on the ballistic segment of the accretion stream and on the magnetic trajectory, respectively, are identified in the emission line profiles. An inversion of the line profiles from emission to absorption due to the obscuration of the accretion spot by the accretion stream is observed. Based on the eclipse duration and the radial velocities of the narrow line component, we impose constraints on the white dwarf mass, , and the orbital inclination, . An analysis of the cyclotron spectra points to the presence of two accretion spots with magnetic field strengths MG and MG. The main spot has a complex structure that apparently has a dense core and a less dense periphery emitting a spectrum with cyclotron harmonics. Polarization observations reveal a circular polarization sign reversal during the orbital period and an anticorrelation of the polarization with the brightness of the polar. Our modeling of polarization observations using the simple model of an accreting white dwarf shows that the polarization properties can be interpreted in terms of two-pole accretion with different optical depths of the accretion spots (). An analysis of the Swift/XRT observations points to a predominance of bremsstrahlung in the X-ray radiation from the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of plants as food flavourings, commonly known as herbs and spices, serves as natural sources of flavour, altering the taste and aroma of dishes with only a small amount. Beyond flavour, these plants also contribute essential antioxidants crucial for human health by inhibiting free radicals that can lead to various diseases. In Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia, locals traditionally consume indigenous flavouring plants primarily for their culinary impact, often overlooking the pharmaceutical value these plants may offer. This study aimed to assess the marketable appearance and antioxidant composition of indigenous food flavouring plants in Bintulu. Bunches of Pangium edule, Premna serratifolia, Pycnarrhena tumefacta, Scorodocarpus borneensis, and Syzygium polyanthum were obtained from the local farmers market and analyzed for morphological dimensions, total phenolic content, free radical scavenging ability (DPPH), and ferric reducing ability (FRAP). The edible portion of the plants ranged from 57.33% to 84.99%, with P. edule exhibiting the largest edible blade. Total phenolic content varied from 343.27 to 3245.67 mg GAE/100 g, with P. serratifolia having the highest value. Premna serratifolia demonstrated the strongest radical scavenging activity, while S. polyanthum exhibited the highest ferric reducing ability. All species exhibited high antioxidant composition (IC50 = 0.10 to 27.6 µg/mL, FRAP = 469.88 to 9272.50 mg TE/100 g), indicating potential medicinal utility. Further studies on anti-nutrients like oxalate and phytate are recommended to complement the obtained data. Additionally, an ethnobotanical study is suggested to document the traditional medicinal uses of these plants alongside their role as flavor enhancers in cooking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Perinatal infection/inflammation is associated with a high risk for neurological injury and neurodevelopmental impairment after birth. Despite a growing preclinical evidence base, anti-inflammatory interventions have not been established in clinical practice, partly because of the range of potential targets. We therefore systematically reviewed preclinical studies of immunomodulation to improve neurological outcomes in the perinatal brain and assessed their therapeutic potential. Methods: We reviewed relevant studies published from January 2012 to July 2023 using PubMed, Medline (OvidSP) and EMBASE databases. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the SYRCLE risk of bias assessment tool (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42023395690). Results: Forty preclinical publications using 12 models of perinatal neuroinflammation were identified and divided into 59 individual studies. Twenty-seven anti-inflammatory agents in 19 categories were investigated. Forty-five (76%) of 59 studies reported neuroprotection, from all 19 categories of therapeutics. Notably, 10/10 (100%) studies investigating anti-interleukin (IL)-1 therapies reported improved outcome, whereas half of the studies using corticosteroids (5/10; 50%) reported no improvement or worse outcomes with treatment. Most studies (49/59, 83%) did not control core body temperature (a known potential confounder), and 25 of 59 studies (42%) did not report the sex of subjects. Many studies did not clearly state whether they controlled for potential study bias. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory therapies are promising candidates for treatment or even prevention of perinatal brain injury. Our analysis highlights key knowledge gaps and opportunities to improve preclinical study design that must be addressed to support clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to establish cell suspension culture, its maintenance and induction of somatic embryogenesis, and in vitro plant regeneration in Cenchrus ciliaris L. Suspension cultures are relatively homogenous cell lines facilitating uniform access to nutrition. These are ideal sources of competent cells for genetic transformation. Results: Callus was initiated by culturing immature inflorescences of Cenchrus ciliaris cv. IGFRI-3108 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 30 g l−1 sucrose. Cell suspension cultures were established in liquid MS medium using an inoculum size of 10 g l−1. These were maintained to achieve embryogenic cell/regeneration competent cultures. Growth curve analysis and a subculture interval of 20 days were determined to harvest cells at the end of the exponential phase. The cell doubling time was found to be 11 days. Somatic embryogenesis was accomplished in MS medium containing 1 mg l−1 2,4-D, 1 mg l−1 BAP along with growth adjuvants, 300 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate, 400 mg l−1 glutamine and 300 mg l−1 proline. The highest number (16 ± 3.78/per inoculum) of shoots regenerated on this medium. The elongation and rooting of shoots were recorded on basal MS and ½ MS media, respectively. Rooted plants were successfully transferred to pots containing a Soilrite and cocopeat mixture in a 3:1 proportion for 3–4 weeks and later successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with a 60% survival rate. The genetic fidelity of 12 regenerated plants was analysed using RAPD primers that were genetically identical to the mother plant. Conclusion: Cell suspension culture-based in vitro plant regeneration of C. ciliaris involved the establishment, maintenance and progression of somatic embryogenesis during shoot and root development. The inherent limitation of callus-mediated in vitro plant regeneration reducing the regeneration potential due to the aging of the calli has been overcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of the heterostructure of a 2.5 THz range quantum-cascade detector is proposed and heterostructure is grown by molecular-beam epitaxy technique. To optimize the thicknesses of the layers of the heterostructure cascades, a numerical method for iterative solution of the Schrödinger–Poisson equation in the kp formalism was used. The grown heterostructure of the quantum-cascade detector showed a high structural perfection, confirmed by the small values of the average FWHM of the high-order satellite peaks on the X-ray diffraction rocking curves, which were (8.3 ± 0. 5)n. Analysis of dark-field images obtained by transmission electron microscopy showed that the total thickness of the layers in the cascade is 137.3 ± 6.9 nm, which corresponds to the calculated thickness of the layers in the cascade of the heterostructure of the quantum-cascade detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia causes structural and functional changes in several brain regions, including the oxygen-concentration-sensitive hippocampus. We investigated the consequences of mild short-term hypoxia on rat hippocampus in vivo. The hypoxic group was treated with 16% O2 for 1 h, and the control group with 21% O2. Using a combination of Gallyas silver impregnation histochemistry revealing damaged neurons and interneuron-specific immunohistochemistry, we found that somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons in the hilus were injured. We used 32-channel silicon probe arrays to record network oscillations and unit activity from the hippocampal layers under anaesthesia. There were no changes in the frequency power of slow, theta, beta, or gamma bands, but we found a significant increase in the frequency of slow oscillation (2.1-2.2 Hz) at 16% O2 compared to 21% O2. In the hilus region, the firing frequency of unidentified interneurons decreased. In the CA3 region, the firing frequency of some unidentified interneurons decreased while the activity of other interneurons increased. The activity of pyramidal cells increased both in the CA1 and CA3 regions. In addition, the regularity of CA1, CA3 pyramidal cells' and CA3 type II and hilar interneuron activity has significantly changed in hypoxic conditions. In summary, a low O2 environment caused profound changes in the state of hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons and network activity, indicating potential changes in information processing caused by mild short-term hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cognitive impairment (CI) is a pressing public health issue worldwide. Studies suggest a possible relationship between dietary intake of certain trace elements and cognitive functions. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore the status of dietary intake of trace elements and their impact on CI in populations with unique dietary patterns. Aim To explore the relationship between dietary intake of selected trace elements (Zinc, Selenium, Copper, Chromium, and Manganese) with CI among adults of a lacto-vegetarian population. Patients and Methods A total of 500 individuals aged 30-70 years belonging to a lacto-vegetarian community of North India were recruited. All the recruited individuals were screened for CI using minimental state examination. Those scoring below the standard cutoff were categorized as cases and others as controls. The data on dietary intake were collected using the Food frequency. food frequency questionnaire data were analyzed using Dietcal software. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science. Results Median copper intake was found to be significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. After stratification for sex, the difference remained significant only among females. Further, females in the fourth quartile of copper intake were found to be at a two-fold increased risk for CI against those in the first quartile. Differences in median intake of other studied trace elements between cases and controls were not found to be statistically significant. Conclusions The present study suggests a possible role of high copper intake in the causation of CI among females in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children's hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children's feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological developments have an impact on business activities and consumer behavior. This can be seen from the increasing number of online businesses. This study looks at consumer behavior by exploring the relationship between e-service quality, product brand perception, and social support on satisfaction; trust; behavioral intentions & repurchases on marketplaces in Indonesia. This quantitative research uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method with Lisrel 88 program. The respondents in this research are 450 X-Z generation and have filled out the online questionnaires through google form. The results of this study indicates that e-service quality has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction, product brand perception has a positive impact on trust, and social support has a direct impact on both trust and behavioral intention. Satisfaction, trust, and behavioral intentions, positively affect repurchase. This research offers significant managerial implications for companies, especially in making policy and formatting strategy of business management marketing by taking into account the aspects of customer satisfaction and trust. Companies can formulate strategies through the results of this research by creating innovative products, responsive services, wider and sustainable networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Giant Trevally Optimizer (GTO) is employed to solve the probabilistic optimum power flow (P-OPF) issue, considering Renewable Energy Source (RES) uncertainties, achieving notable cost reduction. The objective function is established to minimize the overall generation cost, including the RES cost, which significantly surpassing existing solutions. The uncertain nature of the RES is represented through the employment of a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS), strengthened by the K-means Clustering approach and the Elbow technique. Various cases are investigated, including various combinations of PV systems, WE systems, and both fixed and fluctuating loads. The study demonstrates that while considering the costs of solar, wind, or both might slightly increase the total generation cost, the cumulative generation cost remains significantly less than the scenario that does not consider the cost of RESs. The superior outcomes presented in this research underline the importance of considering RES costs, providing a more accurate representation of real-world system dynamics and enabling more effective decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asking unexpected questions, asking the interviewee to sketch the room, and asking the interviewee to make a timeline are techniques that have been shown to help an interviewer detect deceit. However, evidence of the efficacy of these techniques comes from studies of North American and North-West European participants, who are on average more individualistic (i.e., value individual achievements and uniqueness over group achievements) than people from other parts of the world. In two experiments involving participants with individualistic and collectivistic cultural backgrounds, we provide a more culturally diverse test of these techniques. Specifically, this study describes two experiments that investigated these interviewing techniques with people who are recent migrants to the UK. Experiment 1 used the LIWC categories "I," "we," "cognitive processes," and "social processes" as the dependent variables; Experiment 2 measured details provided in a sketch and a timeline. The results show no e [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to evaluate statistically the role of the attitude variable as a mediator in the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model in the context of mandatory use of technology. We chose this objective to address two research gaps: the prevailing divide in opinions about the role of attitude in technology acceptance models and the contradictory results obtained by acceptance models in the context of mandatory use of technology. Achieving this objective will enable us to address the perennial question of the role of attitude in acceptance literature and to assess the boundaries of UTAUT, thus contributing to its continued development and providing guidance for its evolution. Data were collected from 475 students enrolled in online courses at a Canadian university that required the mandatory use of a learning management system (LMS). Results show that attitude exerts full mediation of the relationships between the independent variables performance expectancy and effort expectancy and the dependent variable behavioural intention. This mediation becomes partial for facilitating conditions and fades out for social influence. We call into question the relevance of behavioural intention as a measure of technology acceptance and present theoretical contributions and practical recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Going beyond previous work, this paper presents a systematic literature review that explores the deployment of satellites, drones, and ground-based sensors for yield prediction in agriculture. It covers multiple aspects of the topic, including crop types, key sensor platforms, data analysis techniques, and performance in estimating yield. To this end, datasets from Scopus and Web of Science were analyzed, resulting in the full review of 269 out of 1429 retrieved publications. Our study revealed that China (93 articles, >1800 citations) and the USA (58 articles, >1600 citations) are prominent contributors in this field; while satellites were the primary remote sensing platform (62%), followed by airborne (30%) and proximal sensors (27%). Additionally, statistical methods were used in 157 articles, and model-based approaches were utilized in 60 articles, while machine learning and deep learning were employed in 142 articles and 62 articles, respectively. When comparing methods, machine learning and deep learning methods exhibited high accuracy in crop yield prediction, while other techniques also demonstrated success, contingent on the specific crop platform and method employed. The findings of this study serve as a comprehensive roadmap for researchers and farmers, enabling them to make data-driven decisions and optimize agricultural practices, paving the way towards a fully digitized yield prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust in financial institutions is widely considered important. However, a clear overview of studies on the drivers of trust is missing. We intend to fill this gap in the literature. After discussing why trust in financial institutions is important, we turn to its measurement, where we distinguish between trust in one's own institution and trust in institutions in general (narrow‐scope and broad‐scope trust), and discuss how these measures differ from generalized trust (i.e. trust in other people with whom there is no direct relationship). Finally, we survey the determinants of trust in financial institutions and discuss a wide range of drivers. First, trust in financial institutions depends on the economic situation: it behaves procyclically and is negatively affected by financial crises. Second, the behavior of financial institutions matters: prudent conduct, the provision of good services and financial health have a positive effect on trust. Third, although consumer characteristics also relate to trust, many of these relationships are context‐dependent. Fourth, there is a positive association between narrow‐scope trust on the one hand and broad‐scope trust and generalized trust on the other. Last, policy measures and supervisory actions can help prevent loss of trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD) is a rare retinal dystrophy with anterior segment (AS) abnormalities, including long anterior zonules (LAZ) and iris atrophy. This investigation evaluates AS changes in a L-ORD cohort. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal study including L-ORD individuals (Ser163Arg) with ocular exam and standard slit-lamp photographs between 2011 and 2022. AS images were merged and assessed for LAZ number and zonule-free zone (ZFZ) radius. Further clinical findings such as iris atrophy patterns were reported descriptively. Results: Twelve eyes of 6 patients (4 males, median age = 60.5 years) were included, showing a median of 160 (11–372) LAZs, mainly localized superiorly (39%) and inferiorly (24%). There was a high inter-ocular correlation (rs = 0.94, p < 0.01), no difference in LAZ count between eyes (p = 0.82), and an inverse relationship between LAZ and age (r = − 0.82; p < 0.05). The ZFZ had median 2.1 mm (1.3–5.4), with no inter-ocular difference (p = 0.31). Iris transillumination defects occurred in 11/12 eyes, with 4 major patterns identified: pupillary ruff rarefaction (10/12), patchy atrophy (6/12), notched defects (6/12), and radial streaks (2/12). In a short-term follow-up of 5.9 years, 4 eyes showed a reduction in LAZ count to median 139.5 (67–169) (p = 0.50) and a concomitant increase in ZFZ measurement to median 2.2 (1.7–2.6) (p = 0.17). Conclusion: This study confirms symmetric LAZs count and ZFZ in L-ORD, with ZFZ measurements smaller than in previous cohorts. A reduction in LAZs count and an increase in ZFZ with age were suggested longitudinally, yet findings need further evaluation as follow-up was limited to two cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent form of all childhood leukemias, mostly affecting children between 2 and 4 years old. Oral symptoms, such as mouth ulcers, mucositis, xerostomia, Herpes or Candidiasis, gingival enlargement and bleeding, petechiae, erythema, mucosal pallor and atrophic glossitis, are very common symptoms of ALL and can be early signs of the disease. Secondary and tertiary complications, a direct effect of chemo and radiotherapy, are associated with more severe bleeding, higher susceptibility to infections, ulcerations, inflammation of the mucous membranes, osteoradionecrosis, xerostomia, taste alterations, trismus, carious lesions and dental abnormalities. Immunotherapy, though less toxic, causes oral dysesthesia and pain. Overall, the effects in the oral cavity are transient but there are long-term consequences like caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss that impair endodontic and orthodontic treatments. Also, dental abnormalities resulting from disturbed odontogenesis are known to affect a child’s quality of life. The medical dentist should identify these complications and perform appropriate oral care in tandem with other health professionals. Thus, poor oral hygiene can lead to systemic ALL complications. The aim of this review is to describe the oral complications in children with ALL who are undergoing chemo, radio or immunotherapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The current study aims to investigate the novel approach of utilizing work organization and job content (WOJC) as a higher-order construct that is one of the domains of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), examining its relationship with sleeping troubles and somatic stress, while also exploring the moderating effect of leadership quality.Sample/methods: Snowball sampling technique was used to collect the data in this study, with a population consisting of 360 workers employed in hazardous work environments at poultry feed mills. The structural equation modelling technique was applied to achieve the range of outcomes.Results: The results reveal that WOJC has a significant negative impact on both psychological (sleeping troubles) and physiological (somatic stress) health factors among poultry workers. Although leadership quality did not moderate the relationship between WOJC and physiological health factors, it did moderate the relationship between WOJC and psychological health factors.Conclusion/Implications: This study has significant implications for researchers, poultry feed mill owners, policymakers, and regulatory bodies. Additionally, the methodological contribution of utilizing WOJC as a higher-order construct provides unique insights for researchers.Limitations: Due to COVID-19 restrictions, the data was collected online from one province only; future studies should spread the sampling framework to all provinces with different domains of COPSOQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The increasing scarcity of natural resources, worsening global climate change, environmental degradation, and rising demand for food are forcing the biotechnology and plastics industries to seek and apply circular economy models that would lead to a sustainable transition in the production and use of bioplastics. Circular economy models can improve the economic productivity of bio-based plastics and have a positive impact on the environment by reducing conventional plastic waste and the consumption of petrochemical feedstocks for plastic production. In addition, some agricultural wastes that have the potential to be used as bioplastics can be reused. Terahertz (THz) systems are already used in the plastics and rubber industries for non-destructive testing, detection, imaging, and quality control. Several reports have highlighted the potential applications of THz spectroscopy and imaging in polymer analysis and plastics characterisation. This potential is even greater with chemometric methods and artificial intelligence algorithms. In this review, we focus on applications that support the transformation of the biotechnology sector to the circular economy, particularly via the transition from conventional plastics to bioplastics. In this review, we discuss the potential of THz systems for the characterisation and analysis of bioplastics and biopolymers. The results of previous studies on biopolymers in the THz frequency range are summarised. Furthermore, the potential of using artificial intelligence approaches such as machine learning as advanced analytical methods in THz spectroscopy and imaging, in addition to the conventionally used chemometric methods, is discussed. The results of this review highlight that THz technology can contribute to closed technological circles in important areas of biotechnology and the related plastics and rubber industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]