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Copyright of Studies in Politics & Society / Polityka & Społeczeństwo is the property of University of Rzeszow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Wschodnioznawstwo is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the concepts of and proposals for constitutional reforms put forward by one of the Polish democratic political groups, which was established in exile after the fall of the November Uprising (1830-1831). Young Poland, which was a part of an international conspiratorial organisation founded by Giuseppe Mazzini (Young Europe), an organisation marked by revolutionary democratism, which, according to Polish emigrants, meant primarily striving for national character, seeing its goal in regaining national independence lost by Poland as a result of partitions. In addition, however, the concepts of members of Young Poland strongly emphasized both Christian and Utopian socialist themes. The foundation of these concepts referred to republican ideas that arose from the Great French Revolution and were based on the principles of freedom, equality and fraternity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czytanie Literatury is the property of Czytanie Literatury and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Collectanea Theologica is the property of Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego w Warszawie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we argue that the reports of conductresses accompanying female migrants shed new light on the nature of interwar labour migration. As they mitigated the anxiety and insecurity that women faced during the process of migration, they fulfilled a crucial role in the highly restrictive post-1918 international migration regime. The Polish government introduced conductresses in 1925 to respond to news of the mistreatment and sexual exploitation of Polish women working in France. Developed in close collaboration with international organizations and the League of Nations, the work of these conductresses on land and sea routes was framed as those of 'moral guardians' protecting female migrants from the dangers of sex trafficking. However, we argue that their main function was to mitigate the uncertainties of the post-war international order, as traditional routes of migration were ruptured and both dispatching and receiving countries attempted to control and restrict migration. Female migrants had no networks with existing diasporas, were often illiterate, and mistrusted both Polish and French institutions. By addressing these challenges, the conductresses took on roles far beyond their function as moral authority: they acted as translators, knowledge imparters, mediators, and network forgers. Both in Poland and at the international level, the Polish conductress scheme was regarded a success, as they managed to provide a relatively 'secure' migration experience within a migration regime designed to walk a fine line between demands for foreign labour on the one hand and the rising ideal of economic protectionism on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on aspirations and capabilities models in migration studies, this paper explores the utility of this approach for elucidating long-term integration processes. Aspirations as individual constructions of what one's life should look like in the future are a concept used by scholars to study migrants' motives to migrate. However, neither are aspirations an often applied analytical category, nor a sufficiently examined theoretical subject in the area of long-term migration. This paper addresses this gap and applies the category of aspirations and capabilities to the study of long-term adaptation processes of Polish emigrants of the 1980s in three European countries: Austria, Italy and Sweden. The case study illustrates the aspirations/capabilities model's usability for studying integration processes and proves that aspirations and capabilities should be a subject of inquiry throughout migrants' lives. As a contribution to the debate, an analytical framework along with a schema depicting live long migration processes is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the relationship between the migration of human capital and the sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The evolutionary role of migration and its dual nature are substantiated. It has been proven that, on the one hand, the influx of migrants creates a burden on social protection systems; on the other hand, developed countries that receive the main migration flows show a fairly high degree of socio-economic sustainability and compete for high-quality human capital. An analysis of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of human capital migration was carried out. The main reasons for external and internal population movement in the EU countries and Ukraine, the directions of trends, the intensity of migration and emigration in the EU countries are identified. Socio-demographic portraits of migrants from the EU countries and Ukraine were formed before and after the start of a full-scale war in Ukraine. The benefits of losses, risks, opportunities for migration of human capital and sustainable development are identified and compared. The consequences of migration for the implementation of Sustainable development goals of host countries and donor countries are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim is to analyze the political concepts of the governments of the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Polish Republic in exile regarding bilateral relations and the establishment of state borders after proclaiming their independence. The methodology is based on the application of gene ral scientific and special-historical research methods, including problem-chronological, historical-comparative, synchronous, historical-systemic, and others. The main research results indicate that both governments in exile, as products of their era, were forced to adapt to the new conditions that arose as a result of the establishment of the Yalta-Potsdam system of international relations in the world. This primarily concerned the rethinking of bilateral relations in the interwar period, the perception of territorial changes, and the determination of new borders after the World War II. For several decades, the Polish government in exile avoided official relations with the State Center of the UPR in exile, as the reorganization of the UPR State Center in 1948 led to the unification of representatives of various Ukrainian lands, including those that were part of the Polish Republic. Subsequently, it is important to study the reasons for the change in the political position of the Polish government in exile and the peculiarities of intergovernmental negotiations, which led to the signing of the joint Ukrainian-Polish Declaration in November 1979. The Declaration proclaimed a commitment to good neighbourly relations and avoided the most problematic issues. Despite the signing of this document, the Polish government in exile in London, until transferring its powers to the democratically elected government of the Republic of Poland in December 1990, advocated the need to restore the borders of 1939. The practical importance of the achieved results lies in establishing the role and place of the governments of the UPR and the Polish Republic in exile in the process of restoring the sovereignty and state independence of both countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Housing Environment / Środowisko Mieszkaniowe is the property of Chair of Housing Environment, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectives on Culture / Perspektywy Kultury is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectives on Culture / Perspektywy Kultury is the property of Jesuit University Ignatianum in Krakow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Political Science Studies / Studia Politologiczne is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influx of immigrants to Europe from Islamic countries is leading to a reconstruction of the social structure in the context of religion. The Muslim identity manifested itself early on in the specific needs of consumers. The basic standards for halal meat production come from the Quran and were established more than 1400 years ago, while ritual slaughter is a specific method of killing animals required by Islamic doctrine, as well as some other traditions. One of the most important conditions for this ritual slaughter is that the animal must be alive at the moment of slaughter. This requirement is widely debated. One of the arguments in favour of stunning animals before slaughter is that this technique did not exist when the principles of the Quran were formulated, and thus it cannot be definitively understood to be prohibited. Halal slaughter begins by making an incision in the neck, followed by an incision in the throat to cut through the oesophagus, trachea, and major vessels without removing the head or severing the spinal cord. The slaughtering of animals without prior stunning has been the subject of numerous ethical controversies. There has been criticism of the reduction in the animal’s protection and welfare resulting from the additional pain and suffering associated with being killed in a state of full consciousness, which continues for some time after cutting. In halal slaughter, electrical stunning is the generally accepted and most commonly used method. When used correctly, with high-frequency electro-stimulation, it is reversible and promotes effective bleeding, resulting in appropriate meat quality. The practice of halal slaughter, which dates back to ancient times, has a centuries-old tradition in all European countries in which followers of Islam have ever settled. Most of the world’s developed countries have adopted legally mandated rules for the humanitarian slaughter of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Polonijne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Polonijne is the property of Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawla II and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Film Quarterly / Kwartalnik Filmowy is the property of Kwartalnik Filmowy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Covid-19 has challenged health systems around the world and increased the global competition for medical professionals. This article investigates if the pandemic and its management became an important push factor influencing the migration intentions of medical students and junior doctors and how this factor compared in importance to others. A mixed methods study–a survey and in-depth interviews–was conducted with final-year students at public medical universities in Poland, a country already suffering from a significant emigration of medical staff. The research demonstrated that the difficulties of the Polish healthcare system in dealing with Covid-19 were a factor that slightly positively influenced the emigration intentions of medical students and junior doctors. Nevertheless, the pandemic's influence was not decisive. Factors such as the socio-political situation in Poland (.440**) (including hate speech directed at doctors by politicians and patients), the participants' family situation (.397**), healthcare system organization (.376**), or the opportunity of pursuing a planned career path (.368**) proved more influential. Salary is still important but did not turn out to be among the decisive factors. This allows us to conclude that migration decisions of medical students have a very well-established basis that does not fundamentally change even under the influence of such dramatic situations as the pandemic. This conclusion has important implications for healthcare management and the ongoing discussion in migration studies on the evolution of push and pull factors in place and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The year 2023 marked 130 years since the first Polish seasonal workers, the so-called beet girls (roepiger), arrived on the islands of Lolland-Falster, as the first group of Polish immigrants in Denmark. In 1940, a monument called "Roepiger" was erected in the market square of Sakskøbing and became part of human memory. But who this Danish sculpture depicts, and why, continues to be variously interpreted to this day. Social memory supports distances between the two cultures, differences in memory policies and attitudes in public diplomacy. Certain meanings were attached to the sculpture by the local Danish community, others by Poles living in Denmark, and still others by Polish and Danish officials. Finally, the personal memory of the sculpture's author, Gottfried Eickhoff, about its genesis should be taken into account. The article argues that the plaque, which was funded by Polish diplomacy and affixed to the monument's pedestal during interstate ceremonies in 2015, constitutes an appropriation. The market in Sakskøbing was given the status of a Polish memorial, passing over the coexistence of different forms of memory in cultural circuits, as characterized in Aleida Asmann's theory of memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pamietnik Literacki is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Literary Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pamietnik Literacki is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Literary Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article joins the discussion on the ways of shaping cultural competence in teaching and learning Polish as a foreign language. The pretext for the considerations is the implementation of the project „Polish language beyond borders" financed by the National Agency for Academic Exchange. The activities undertaken were aimed at strengthening the Polish community in Brazil, maintaining Polishness in the world, and increasing the level of knowledge of the Polish language and Polish culture (old and contemporary). Th e designed activities were built around the idea of popularizing Poland by presenting Lublin and the Lublin region as a region gathering „cultural elements of Polishness". An additional challenge for the implementation of the title project was the outbreak of the pandemic, which resulted in the transfer of all activities to the virtual space. The article discusses the implemented activities, their values and eff ectiveness. The observations made are the basis for the formulation of general conclusions and postulates regarding the possibility of remote education of cultural competences as part of learning Polish as a foreign and inherited language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethos (0860-8024) is the property of John Paul II Institute, Faculty of Philosophy, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polish culture has been enriched by a 15-volume edition of the Collected Works of Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, published in 2009-2021 under the patronage of, among others, the writer's daughter, Marta Herling. The editor of the Collected Works is Professor Bolesław Bolecki, a distinguished scholar of Herling-Grudziński's body of work. The monumental publication covers the entire literary output of the author of Inny świat (A Different World), including dispersed works, articles, interviews and archive texts. The full-length critical edition introduces new and interesting interpretative contexts. The excellent and professional scholarly apparatus in the form of footnotes, subject bibliographies, bibliographical and editorial notes, indexes, etc. broadens the knowledge of the writer and his work, which can be traced, for example, in volume one, which contains reviews, sketches and literary treatises from 1939-1946. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marek Kusiba's article is an excerpt from a book in progress entitled Adresy diaspory (Diaspora Addresses), devoted to describing the autobiographical places (term by Małgorzata Czermińska) of Polish émigré writers in North America. In the presented text, the author discusses the poetry and correspondence of the Skamandrites (Lechoń, Wittlin, Wierzyński) written in the summer resorts of the Catskill Mountains and Adirondacks. The trips through that magical landscape, located a few hours north of New York, inspired novels, poetry and letters where we find numerous references to Carpathian views from the pre-war times and associations with experiences of childhood and youth. The New York metropolis, on the other hand, sometimes had a depressing effect on these writers. Perhaps Jan Lechoń, the youngest of the Skamandrites, felt this influence strongly. Marek Kusiba visits the Henry Hudson Hotel, where Lechoń fell or jumped from the terrace, committing suicide. The author tries to understand and explain the circumstances of the poet's death and the misunderstandings which have emerged around it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeszyty Prawnicze Biuro Analiz Sejmowej is the property of Kancelaria Sejmu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny (0035-9629) is the property of Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article represents the first attempt to depict the similarities and differences in the development of Polish physical culture in Germany and German physical culture in Poland during the interwar period of the 20th century. In both Poland and Germany, up until 1939, national minorities, notably the Germans in Poland and the Polish in Germany, played a significant role in fostering the development of physical culture. Drawing upon scholarly research and archival sources, commonalities between Polish physical culture in Germany and German physical culture in Poland can be discerned. They included: significant politicization, utilization for shaping patriotic attitudes and national integration, activity in the field of physical education, sports, and tourism, similar forms of activity of the Sokół Gymnastic Society in Germany and the German Turner Association in Poland, concern for the development of physical education among children and youth, and support from the respective home countries. However, notable disparities exist, including the longer-standing traditions of German physical culture on Polish soil, the considerably smaller scale of material support from Polish authorities for minorities in Germany, and the involvement of Deutsche Turnerschaft in Poland in a revisionist campaign against Poland in 1939. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Europejski is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

W artykule omówiono książkę Mirosława Gabrysia (ur. 1973) pt. Islandzkie zabawki. Zapiski z wyspy wulkanów, która opisuje pięcioletni pobyt autora na wyspie (2005–2010). Jego relacja stanowi pierwszą w polskim piśmiennictwie oryginalną próbę opisu adaptacji polskiego islandzkiego migranta, przedstawiciela najliczniejszej i młodej wiekiem oraz stażem mniejszości narodowej na Islandii, do nowego środowiska społecznego i przyrodniczego. Jest to narracja subiektywna, wielowarstwowa i hybrydyczna, a dla jej autora emigracja to swoista przygoda, ważna strategia adaptacyjna i dostosowawcza, zwłaszcza w sytuacji kryzysu ekonomicznego kraju przyjmującego – Islandii, choć tak naprawdę nigdy się tutaj nie zadomowił i nie został na dłużej. Gabryś, mimo że stosunkowo rzadko wykracza poza oczywisty w takim przypadku paradygmat myślenia dualistycznego: imigrant – obywatel, my – inni, łączność z miejscem – nieumiejscowienie, w perspektywie doświadczeń i odczuć jednostkowych oraz sensu, jaki im nadaje, jest przykładem emigranta tymczasowego, nie zawsze odpowiadającego stereotypowemu wizerunkowi Polaka na Islandii, a nawet często krytykującego swoich rodaków.

Jewish youth memoirs given to the Yiddish Scientific Institute in Vilnius in 1932, 1934, and 1939 both build on the competition ideas initiated in 1921 by the Polish Institute of Sociology and maintain their distinctive characteristics associated primarily with the multilingual nature of the documents, the fluidity of the authors’ national selfidentification, and generational cohesion among the writers. Based on a collection of documents kept at the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York, the article presents the notion of migration as one of the central themes addressed in these records. The analysis demonstrates the key social, political, and personal factors that influenced thoughts about emigration. By outlining similarities and differences among selected memoirs, the author provides a synthetic discussion of migration issues depicted in young people’s writings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the exceptionally rich and important Polish tradition of memoir writing competitions and related publications; in the twentieth century exceeding 1500 such events! From the very beginning, the competitions sparked lively discussions and raised questions about the place of competition memoirs in modern Polish literature. For example, after the publication of Jakub Wojciechowski’s 1930 Życiorys własny robotnika (Autobiography of a Laborer) or the 1935–1936 Pamiętniki chłopów (Peasant Memoirs). The article contextualizes the relationship between personal document and literature while attempting a definition of “folk literature.” Against Andrzej Leder’s notion of “unwritten epic,” the article posits that the thousands of competition memoirs and journals represent a very significant – albeit largely forgotten – component of an epic about civilization and social changes in the twentieth-century Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article overviews reading and writing practices presented in the peasant memoirs submitted to competitions of the Institute of Social Economy. The text traces the meaning of these practices while reconstructing the biographies and social engagements of some of the memoirists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the Polish language in the public space of the London district of Ealing, known as the local on of the Polish diaspora. The study presents the status of the Polish language, the issue of the dominance of English over the Polish language, and attempts to answer the question of how these languages combine in bi-/multilingual signage. A methodological framework was adopted to analyse the corpus of signs, covering aspects of semiotic and linguistic analysis, such as context, domain, language dominance, genre, and text function. The Polish language indexes and constructs public spaces in various areas of Ealing as places of identity, and Poles thus contribute through their actions to a high degree of ethnolinguistic vitality of the language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]