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Objectives: The study aims to do a comparative analysis of the spatial distribution of the primary healthcare centers and health manpower across Saudi Arabia. Study methods: This study deals with the analysis of the spatial distribution of the PHCCs and health manpower in Saudi Arabia regions during the period 2017– 2021 by applying the Shapiro–Wilk test. This study relied on a dataset issued by the Ministry of Health (MoH). The variance of the spatial distribution of the dataset was also analyzed using the T-student and Binomial tests. Results: This study found that PHCCs of 2020; the dentists of 2021; and Allied Health Personnel of 2017, 2020, and 2021 were normally distributed. However, the distribution of the population and all datasets of the other health indicators is a non-normal distribution. In addition, the correlation between the number of PHCCs and regions based on population is significant in all the regions. Moreover, The number of dentists showed a significant correlation with the population in most regions, except Riyadh, Makkah, and Jazan. However, the number of physicians, allied health personnel, nurses, and family medicine practitioners generally did not correlate significantly with the population, with exceptions for nurses in Tabuk and family medicine in the Northern Borders. Finally, the spatial distribution of the population shows the concentration in three major regions which are Riyadh, Makkah, and Eastern Province. Conclusion: Despite the expansion in the number of PHCCs and health workers and spread in all regions of Saudi Arabia, their spatial distribution still requires the establishment of more of them to provide the basic health services necessary to cover the actual needs of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia corporates performance improvement strategies in health sector to transform hospital operations and instituting a culture of quality through performance improvement initiatives. Quality of nursing care (QNC) is a concern for nursing professionals and administration. Donabedian's 'Quality-of-Care' framework plays a vital role in transforming nursing care and determining appropriate intervention development and implementation plans., Aim: To explore the nurses' perception for the QNC and find their perspectives in achievements and gaps by adopting the Donabedian model., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 639 nurses from a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia using Karen-personnel instrument for measuring QNC. The achievements and gaps in nursing care quality determined by redistributing Karen statements to the three dimensions of the Donabedian structure, process and outcome model., Findings: The nurses' overall perception of the QNC was positive. According to the Donabedian model, the nurses focussed on care procedures (i.e., process-oriented) and required resources (i.e., structure-oriented), although the transformation era requires nurses' performance to focus on the outcome dimension., Conclusion: To activate the vital roles of nurses in accomplishing health transformation initiatives, there should be collaborative efforts among nursing managers, educators and policy-makers to sustain quality of structure, process and outcome-oriented nursing care and be more outcome-oriented., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Introduction: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) development and implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are suboptimal. The Kingdom's Vision 2030 envisages a transformational change to achieve an effective, integrated, value-based ecosystem focused on patient health. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a CPG appraisal tool that will support the realization of the Kingdom's Vision 2030 through the development of high-quality and highly implementable CPGs. To maximize its impact, all vital healthcare paradigms, such as systems thinking, value-based healthcare, and information technology, will robustly be incorporated in the tool. Methods: The Saudi Health Council through its National Center of Evidence-Based Medicine (NCEBM) embarked on a program to develop this appraisal tool. A taskforce of experts was selected based on their experience in evidence-based practice and training. The task force, through a methodology of extensive literature review, deliberation, outside experts' feedback, and Delphi and consensus voting, developed a prototype appraisal tool that was named the Holistic Appraisal Tool for CPGs (HAT-CPG). Results: The HAT-CPG was developed comprising three sections: an initial basic information section, an internal validity section, and an external validity section with a total of 13 section items and 73 reporting elements. Conclusion: It is envisaged that the Holistic Appraisal Tool will support CPG developers and users in Saudi Arabia in realizing the objectives for which it was developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]