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Aqualyx (Marllor International Ltd, Rimini, Italy) was originally developed in Italy by Professor Pasquale Motolese and has been commercially available since 2009. It is a deoxycholate, aqueous gelatinous solution mixed with saline and buffering compounds. It is the only drug approved by the European Union for the reduction in localized fat. Aqualyx is sold exclusively to doctors and nurses trained in intralipotherapy. In the case of our patient, the product administered was advertised as Aqualyx, but was not administered by a trained health professional and was administered too superficially. The patient developed severe pain following the injection and was unable to sit for several weeks. There was localized skin necrosis, and palpable collections where the injection was administered. Our initial suspicion was development of an abscess or hematoma. To characterize further, we arranged an ultrasound scan that showed a "superficial hypoechoic lesion" but no deeper infection or spread. The numerous painful nodules ruptured onto the skin surface, resulting in purulent and bleeding lesions. This case demonstrates the importance of appropriate training and competence in performing cosmetic procedures including injections and fat dissolving treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how hot (250°–350 °C) to super-hot (>350 °C) fluids circulate and interact with host rocks in fault-controlled upper continental crust is a challenging task. In this paper, we present the results of a structural, fluid inclusions, Sr isotope, petrographic and mineral study on an exhumed geothermal system to describe how hot to super-hot fluids were controlled by the increased permeability resulting from the interplay between low-angle normal faults and high-angle oblique-slip faults, the latter being part of a regional transfer zone. The study area is located on the eastern Elba Island (northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), where the emplacement of a Messinian felsic intrusion has allowed hydrothermal fluids to circulate in relation to a fault-related permeability of the order of 10‐15 to 10‐13 m2. Magmatic fluids reacted with the host rocks (carbonate and phyllite) to form Fe-ore deposits hosted within the fault zones that controlled the fluid flow. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz crystals indicate that the fluids consisted of saline solutions (salinity from 18.0 to 26.6 wt% NaCl eq.), which later mixed with low salinity waters of probably meteoric origin. The fluid temperature during the main hydrothermal stage ranged between about 300° and 360 °C under an estimated maximum hydrostatic pressure of 28–30 MPa. In contrast, the maximum possible temperature was about 400 °C at a lithostatic pressure of 89 MPa. The hydraulic breccias formed as a result of the transient fluid pressurisation up to lithostatic values, due to the self-sealing process and the subsequent pressure drop, down to hydrostatic values, as framed in the hydrofracturing processes. The results provide useful inputs for the identification of geothermal and ore-body targets in those geological settings where fluids of magmatic and meteoric origin are controlled by active faults in an extensional tectonic regime. • Hot to super-hot geothermal fluid migration through extensional fault zones. • Geometrical parameters from veins arrays and mineralised cataclasite provided hydraulic parameters of the palaeo-reservoir. • Hydrofracturing processes during fluid flow cause transient pressure drops. • Fluid inclusions analyses given information on temperature, salinity and origin of palaeo-fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]