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Structured marine clay is commonly encountered in offshore engineering projects and engineers are concerned about its impact on the engineering properties of marine clay as well as its correlation with index properties. Current research has emphasized the role of soil structure in these aspects of marine clay. In this study, we investigated the influence of depositional environment and oxidation-induced evolution of clay microstructure on the formation of clay structure in structured clay from Zhanjiang area, a coastal city located in South China. The distinct soil structure observed in marine-terrigenous clay deposited under different environments exhibited sensitivity ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 at varying moisture content levels. The wide range of sensitivity observed in structured marine-terrigenous clay was attributed to free iron oxide derived from siderite present in an acidic environment. Compared to other regions, Zhanjiang marine clay demonstrated favorable mechanical properties but poor physical properties due to its unique clay structure characteristics. Based on these findings, we proposed a modified approach for correlating index properties with engineering properties that yielded good predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Archives and oral histories show that the Ming Tombs Reservoir was a showcase project in Communist China directed by and involving the country's top leaders. This was one of the first projects to rely on the mobilization of physical labor rather than specialized machinery, driven by a belief in self-reliance and the use of local resources. It argues that the focus on the "masses," rather than engineers or scientists, challenged established engineering procedures and technical traditions. Historical evidence suggests that adopting a "build while being designed" mindset and mobilizing the "masses," projects could be completed, but often in ways that ultimately proved less than optimal. The case study suggests that innovations fail when local enthusiasm and technical knowledge are not balanced. By focusing on the role of the "masses" in shaping a novel technological landscape, this article highlights "mass engineering" to better understand this model of native innovations and economic autarky. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Engineers operate in an increasingly global environment, making it important that engineering students develop global engineering competency to prepare them for success in the workplace. To understand this learning, we need assessment approaches that go beyond traditional self‐report surveys. A previous study (Jesiek et al., Journal of Engineering Education 2020; 109(3):1–21) began this process by developing a situational judgment test (SJT) to assess global engineering competency based in the Chinese context and administering it to practicing engineers. Purpose: We built on this previous study by administering the SJT to engineering students to explore what prior experiences related to their SJT performance and how their SJT performance compared with practicing engineers' performance on the SJT. Method: Engineering students completed a survey including the SJT and related self‐report survey instruments. We collected data from three groups of students: those who had studied abroad in China; those who had studied abroad elsewhere; and those who had not studied abroad. Results: We found that students' SJT performance did not relate to their scores on the self‐report instruments, but did relate to their participation in study abroad programs. The students also performed better on the SJT when compared to the practicing engineers. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need to use multiple forms of assessment for global engineering competence. Although building evidence for the validity of the Global Engineering Competency China SJT is an ongoing process, this data collection technique may provide new insights on global engineering competency compared to traditionally used assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing images and related stereoscopic illusions, such as stereoscopic illusion, often confuses engineers and technicians. In order to utilize the beneficial illusion and eliminate the harmful one, this paper studied the relationship between graphics and background from the Necker Cube in visual psychology. Through experiments and engineering practice, this paper further analyzed the types, principles and conditions of stereoscopic illusion in remote sensing image railway engineering mapping, and discussed its application and correction methods. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Stereoscopic illusion is common in remote sensing images of mountainous areas in the northern hemisphere, and the first and second steps of terrain in China are typical. (2) The three geomorphic types that produce stereoscopic illusion are: sinusoidal continuous mountain area, "Π" platform and "U" gully. (3) The causes of stereoscopic illusion include sunshine conditions, image resolution and image contrast. (4) The stereoscopic illusion of water body can be divided into three situations: bulge effect, confusion effect between bulge and depression, and depression effect. (5) The stereo illusion of remote sensing images of sinusoidal topography and Π-shaped gullies can be corrected by DEM rendering method and 3D scene method, U-shaped gullies can be corrected by 3D scene method only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In China, external supervision on construction safety mainly comes from the government and supervision engineers (SEs). However, the construction safety supervisory mechanism (CSSM) contains some dilemmas affecting the improvement of safety performance, such as the declining impact of SEs, the increasing rent-seeking behaviors of contractor and excessive government interference. This study aims to depict and analyze the CSSM in China from an evolutionary game view. The objectives are to understand the supervision strategy and evolutionary behaviors of different stakeholders, propose suggestions for improving safety performance and help the key safety supervision stakeholders, especially the government, formulate a suitable safety supervision strategy. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses tripartite dynamic evolutionary game theory to study the CSSM in China and solve the stable equilibrium solution using system dynamics. Findings: This study has revealed the game relationship of construction safety supervision mechanisms in China and solved the stable equilibrium solution. The results prove that a supervision engineer (SE) plays a crucial role in the CSSM, and "supervision engineer useless" is an unreasonable assertion. For government supervision agency (GSA), excessive inspection and free-market regulation are neither wise strategies. GSA can reduce the inspection frequency when general contractors (GCs) input high safety investments and SEs implement responsible supervision. But keeping proper government supervision to avoid GC's unlawful behaviors and SE's rent-seeking is indispensable. In addition, excessive governmental supervision will weaken SE's role, so the government should transfer some supervision powers to SE. Originality/value: This study focuses on the dynamic evolution process between GSA, GC and SE. This method is different from most research that neglected the dynamic characteristic of system and game solution stability. The research methods not only contribute to construction safety supervision policy-making in China but also help to improve supervision efficiency in other countries and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abandonment of the taken-for-granted attitude of territoriality in the studies of state space has been followed by diverse concerns and competing interpretations with different focuses notably on state–market relations, spatiality of social life, and relativization of scale. Inspired by Lefebvre's spatial triad, applied textual analysis, and in-depth interview, this study critically evaluates the Chinese practices of setting up National New Areas to reshape the trajectory of urban and regional development using the Liangjiang National New Area (LNNA). Our research foregrounds the relativizing dimensions of state space in which the creation of the LNNA was conceived, perceived, and lived by key stakeholders holding different positions and vested interests. The LNNA is the spatial manifestation of the special vision and mission of China's national developmental agenda and the adjustment of power relations within an authoritarian Party-state. However, it is a controversial project which requires negotiation, contestation, and reconciliation among grassroots people. This study shows that even in China, there existed pervasive negotiation and resistance from diverse stakeholders from the bottom up. Our research suggests an alternative perspective that goes beyond the popular dichotomy of state–market or society–space relations in the studies of state space and takes seriously the dialectical relations among the forces at work in the (re)production of state space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has pointed out in relevant literature that by 2020, China is in short supply of high-level innovative technology talents, and China's engineering education will face unprecedented challenges. Based on the needs of China's future economic development, the Ministry of Education urgently launched the "Excellent Engineer Education and Training Program" in 2010, which aims to cultivate a large number of solid theoretical foundations, strong practical skills, and high innovation capabilities for the industry, the world, and the future. An outstanding engineer is the one who can quickly adapt to the needs of economic and social development. The program is divided into three levels of undergraduate, master, and doctoral training. The undergraduate level focuses on training in a series of high-quality applications capable of not only being competent in the management and marketing of the production site but also in the design, development, and operation of engineering projects. Talent: to achieve this training goal, the in-depth cooperation between schools and enterprises has become the key. In order to achieve the undergraduate-level training goals of the "Excellence Program," various local colleges and universities have adopted the method of school-enterprise cooperation, combined with their own school positioning, trying to explore a training path suitable for their own development. This research takes China's local application-oriented universities as the research object and uses the literature method to sort out and summarize the status quo of the school-enterprise cooperation in training outstanding engineers in China's local application-oriented universities. Select two different application-oriented universities located in areas with large economic development gaps, analyze their common problems, and try to put forward countermeasures and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-awaited Plaque Unveiling Ceremony for the 2020 and 2021 B Outstanding Structure Award b winners finally took place in China, after the Covid-19 lockdown and associated restrictions. At 55km, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) is the world's longest sea-crossing link and consists of reclamations, artificial islands, immersed tunnels, marine viaducts and cable-stay bridges. [Extracted from the article]

Orion Engineered Carbons has begun constructing its second plant in China for speciality and high-performance carbon black, expanding the company's production capacity in one of the world's fastest-growing markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]