199 results on '"LABOR supply"'
Search Results
2. Organizational social activities and knowledge management behaviors: An affective events perspective.
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Good, Jessica R. L., Halinski, Michael, and Boekhorst, Janet A.
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SOCIAL participation ,KNOWLEDGE management ,FIELD research ,POSITIVE psychology ,AFFECT (Psychology) ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,MATHEMATICAL models ,INDUSTRIES ,LABOR supply ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,THEORY ,FACTOR analysis ,CHI-squared test ,SOCIAL skills ,DATA analysis software ,GROUP dynamics ,CORPORATE culture ,PERSONNEL management ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,SOCIAL integration ,ELECTRONICS - Abstract
Research indicates that relationship‐oriented HR practices can increase organizational knowledge, yet we know little about the effects of relationship‐oriented HR practices on employee knowledge management behaviors. Drawing from affective events theory, we examine the indirect effect of participation in one type of relationship‐oriented HR practice (i.e., organizational social activities) on three knowledge management behaviors (i.e., knowledge sharing, knowledge hiding, and knowledge manipulating) via positive affect, as well as the conditional indirect effect of intrinsic motivation for organizational social activities on these relationships. Utilizing a time‐separated field study (n = 163), our analysis reveals positive affect fully mediates the relationship between participation in organizational social activities and (a) knowledge sharing and (b) knowledge hiding, and partially mediates the relationship between participation in organizational social activities, and (c) knowledge manipulating. Most interestingly, we unexpectedly found a positive direct effect of participation in organizational social activities on knowledge manipulation, even though the indirect effect via positive affect was negative. The results also indicate that, for individuals with high intrinsic motivation for social activities, there is a significant indirect effect of participation in organizational social activities on all three knowledge management behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Sexual orientation and intra-household specialization before and after the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Canada.
- Author
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Dilmaghani, Maryam and Dean, Jason
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SEXUAL orientation ,SAME-sex marriage laws ,LESBIAN couples ,WAGE differentials ,LABOR supply ,MARRIED people - Abstract
Using the Canadians Censuses of 2001, 2006, 2016, and the National Household Survey of 2011, this article compares intra-household specialization patterns of married and cohabiting couples by gender composition of households. Household specialization is operationalized in several ways. The first set of measures captures the earnings differentials between spouses, while the second set of measures relies on labour supply. In line with previous studies, we often find a lower level of intra-household specialization for both male-male and female-female couples, compared with their heterosexual counterparts. However, the difference with heterosexuals is much larger for female-female couples. When the most recent dataset is split by income level, it appears that the specialization gaps are largely driven by the more affluent households. We also find considerable heterogeneity in the patterns when the sample is split by generational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Redeployment Among Primary Care Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study.
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Lukewich, Julia, Bulman, Donna, Mathews, Maria, Hedden, Lindsay, Marshall, Emily, Vaughan, Crystal, Ryan, Dana, Dufour, Emilie, Meredith, Leslie, Spencer, Sarah, Renaud, Lauren R., Asghari, Shabnam, Cusack, Cheryl, Elliott Rose, Annette, Marchuk, Stan, Young, Gillian, and Wong, Eric
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NURSES ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESEARCH funding ,HOSPITAL nursing staff ,INTERVIEWING ,PRIMARY nursing ,NURSE practitioners ,WORKING hours ,THEMATIC analysis ,NURSES' attitudes ,RESEARCH methodology ,NURSING practice ,COMMUNICATION ,PUBLIC health ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Introduction: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care nurses were often redeployed to areas outside of primary care to mitigate staffing shortages. Despite this, there is a scarcity of literature describing their perceptions of and experiences with redeployment during the pandemic. Objectives: This paper aims to: 1) describe the perspectives of primary care nurses with respect to redeployment, 2) discuss the opportunities/challenges associated with redeployment of primary care nurses, and 3) examine the nature (e.g., settings, activities) of redeployment by primary care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary care nurses (i.e., Nurse Practitioners, Registered Nurses, and Licensed/Registered Practical Nurses), from four regions in Canada. These include the Interior, Island, and Vancouver Coastal Health regions in British Columbia; Ontario Health West region in Ontario; the province of Nova Scotia; and the province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Data related to redeployment were analyzed thematically. Results: Three overarching themes related to redeployment during the COVID-19 pandemic were identified: (1) Call to redeployment, (2) Redeployment as an opportunity/challenge, and (3) Scope of practice during redeployment. Primary care nurses across all regulatory designations reported variation in the process of redeployment within their jurisdiction (e.g., communication, policies/legislation), different opportunities and challenges that resulted from redeployment (e.g., scheduling flexibility, workload implications), and scope of practice implications (e.g., perceived threat to nursing license). The majority of nurses discussed experiences with redeployment being voluntary in nature, rather than mandated. Conclusions: Redeployment is a useful workforce strategy during public health emergencies; however, it requires a structured process and a decision-making approach that explicitly involves healthcare providers affected by redeployment. Primary care nurses ought only to be redeployed after other options are considered and arrangements made for the care of patients in their original practice area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Identification and assessment of factors that impact the demand for and supply of dental hygienists amidst an evolving workforce context: a scoping review.
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Dobrow, Mark J., Valela, Angela, Bruce, Eric, Simpson, Keisha, and Pettifer, Glenn
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RESEARCH funding ,DEVELOPED countries ,CINAHL database ,MEDICAL care ,WORK environment ,PRIMARY health care ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,MEDLINE ,JOB satisfaction ,LITERATURE reviews ,RURAL conditions ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,LABOR supply ,MEDICAL practice - Abstract
Background: This study involved a scoping review to explore factors influencing dental hygienist demand and supply in high-income countries. Methods: A six-stage scoping review was conducted with separate search strategies tailored to four databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Google) plus a targeted scan of dental hygienist organization websites. This yielded 2,117 unique citations, leading to 148 articles included in the review. Results: Nearly half of the articles (47%) focused on the United States, with 11% on Canada. Most articles (91%) were in English, alongside 13 in Korean and one in French. Journal articles comprised 62% of the publications, followed by reports/working papers (11%) and websites (11%). Other types included conference abstracts, policy briefs, and presentation slides. Content-wise, 47% were original research, with analysis articles (14%), commentaries (11%), and reviews (8%) also present. The articles were coded into three main categories: workforce characteristics/projections, factor-specific analyses, and workforce opportunities. The articles on workforce characteristics covered demographic, geographic, and employment aspects of dental hygienists, along with projections for supply and demand using simulation modelling and geospatial analyses. Factor-specific articles investigated the (1) working environment, (2) policy/regulatory/training environment, (3) job/career satisfaction and related human resource issues, and (4) scope of practice. The third key category of articles highlighted opportunities for expanding the workforce through alternative models in different sectors/settings (e.g., public health, primary care, long-term care, hospitals, mobile outreach, and non-clinical roles including research, education and leadership) and for a range of vulnerable or underserved populations (e.g., geriatric and pediatric populations, persons with disabilities, those living in rural/remote areas, Indigenous peoples, and incarcerated people). Conclusions: This review provides a comprehensive documentation of the current state of the dental hygienist workforce, compiling factors affecting demand and supply, and highlighting opportunities for the dental hygienist workforce in Canada and other high-income countries. The findings offer a foundation for future research, highlighting the need for more focused and rigorous reviews and underscoring the necessity of high-quality studies to verify the effectiveness of various interventions and policies. This is crucial to address dental hygienist workforce challenges and ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of oral health care delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. An exploratory survey of on-site heat stress management practices in the Canadian mining industry.
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Tetzlaff, Emily J., O'Connor, Fergus K., Meade, Robert D., and Kenny, Glen P.
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OCCUPATIONAL hazards , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *OCCUPATIONAL diseases , *RESEARCH funding , *PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat , *WORK environment , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *BLUE collar workers , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH , *OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *MINERAL industries , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *LABOR supply - Abstract
With climate change fueling more frequent and intense periods of hot weather, heat stress management programs are becoming increasingly important for protecting the health and safety of workers in the Canadian mining industry. While the inclusion of heat-mitigation measures such as those provided by the American College of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) are commonly employed by industry, there is a need to develop more comprehensive industry-specific measures for heat stress prevention and management. To better understand current heat management practices and identify opportunities for improvement, an exploratory survey of 51 employees responsible for health and safety at underground mining (n = 35), and surface operations (n = 16) (e.g., open-pit mining, milling, smelting, and exploration site) was conducted in Canada. The respondents answered 50 questions related to workplace heat stress management, including descriptors of the workplace environment, perceived heat stress hazard, administration of heat stress management programming, heat stress emergency procedures, environmental monitoring strategies, and knowledge of mining-specific regulations related to heat stress. Twenty-four managers (47%) reported that heat-related illnesses led to restricted duty or lost time claims at their site, with a median of 5 [IQR: 2–10, max: 30] reportable heat-related illnesses occurring per site annually. Many also felt that heat-related illnesses are under-reported by their workforce (n = 36, 71%). Most sites reported established heat stress management programs to prevent heat illness (n = 43, 84%), typically based on the TLVs (n = 38, 75%). Although some organizations do conduct pre-task evaluations for heat stress (n = 30, 59%), more than half do not conduct post-job evaluations (n = 28, 55%) or pre-employment screening for heat stress vulnerability (n = 3, 6%). While our findings indicate that the health and safety managers recognize the hazard posed by heat and have stated practices to help address the hazard, we also observed inconsistencies in heat stress management programming across the sample. Developing and adopting a standard heat stress management and reporting system would be an important step toward protecting workers from existing and emerging threats from extreme heat and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Optimizing Weekend Schedules in Home Health Care: The Essential Care on Weekends for Personal Support Quality Improvement Project.
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McKay, Sandra, Konan, Margery, Tedesco, Sandra, Turriff, Tracey, Michener, Mel, and King, Emily C.
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HOME care services , *MEDICAL protocols , *HEALTH services accessibility , *HUMAN services programs , *EVALUATION of human services programs , *MEDICAL appointments , *COMMUNICATION , *QUALITY assurance , *MEDICAL needs assessment , *TIME , *MEDICAL triage , *MEDICAL referrals , *LABOR supply - Abstract
The availability of personal support workers (PSWs) is a limiting factor for home care system capacity, as this workforce provides 70% to 80% paid care in this sector. Without sufficient support to live at home, many seniors and people with disabilities experience poorer outcomes and require care in more expensive and less preferred institutional long-term care or hospital settings. Insufficient PSW availability is limiting access to necessary care in the community. Capacity challenges are particularly pronounced on weekends. The Essential Care on Weekends (ECoW) program was co-developed as one solution to adapt current PSW scheduling practices to increase the number of clients with high-intensity care needs who can be served within the constraints of PSW availability. ECoW focused on increasing weekend capacity and care consistency, particularly for clients with the highest care needs, through prioritizing essential care and moving less time sensitive tasks to weekdays. ECoW was operationalized through 4 activities: communication and engagement, clinical care plan review, geographic review of PSW schedules and the creation of the ECoW schedule. Implementation of ECoW demonstrated success in increasing access to and consistency of care for clients with the highest care needs: weekend capacity increased, access to care improved for clients requiring daily or near-daily care and missed care rates decreased both on weekends and weekdays. This strategy represents a change in scheduling practices that organizations can use to provide consistent service to a growing number of clients with high-intensity care needs in the context of increasingly limited health human resource capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Public health communication professional development opportunities and alignment with core competencies: an environmental scan and content analysis.
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MacKay, Melissa, McAlpine, Devon, Worte, Heather, Grant, Lauren E., Papadopoulos, Andrew, and McWhirter, Jennifer E.
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CAREER development ,MEDICAL communication ,PUBLIC communication ,CORE competencies ,CONTENT analysis ,PROFESSIONAL athletes ,LABOR supply - Abstract
Introduction: Communication is vital for effective and precise public health practice. The limited formal educational opportunities in health communication render professional development opportunities especially important. Competencies for public health communication describe the integrated knowledge, values, skills and behaviours required for practitioner and organizational performance. Many countries consider communication a core public health competency and use communication competencies in workforce planning and development. Methods: We conducted an environmental scan and content analysis to determine the availability of public health communication professional development opportunities in Canada and the extent to which they support communication-related core competencies. Three relevant competency frameworks were used to assess the degree to which professional development offerings supported communication competency development. Results: Overall, 45 professional development offerings were included: 16 "formalized offerings" (training opportunities such as courses, webinars, certificate programs) and 29 "materials and tools" (resources such as toolkits, guidebooks). The formalized offerings addressed 25% to 100% of the communication competencies, and the materials and tools addressed 67% to 100%. Addressing misinformation and disinformation, using current technology and communicating with diverse populations are areas in need of improved professional development. Conclusion: There is a significant gap in public health communication formalized offerings in Canada and many of the materials and tools are outdated. Public health communication professional development offerings lack coordination and do not provide comprehensive coverage across the communication competencies, limiting their utility to strengthen the public health workforce. More, and more comprehensive, professional development offerings are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Online Employment Services for Immigrant Professionals: An Environmental Scan.
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Kazemi, Fatemeh, Gonzalez Benson, Odessa, Palova, Katerina, and Matharu, Gurleen
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IMMIGRANTS , *CORPORATE culture , *DIGITAL technology , *JOB applications , *LEADERSHIP , *POPULATION geography , *GROUP dynamics , *METROPOLITAN areas , *RURAL conditions , *ONLINE education , *ONLINE information services , *EMPLOYMENT , *ACCESS to information , *LABOR supply - Abstract
This environmental scan assesses the current landscape of online employment services for immigrant professionals in Canada. The data collection method involved web scanning of twelve urban centers and two rural census areas with high per capita immigrant populations. The study analyzed 80 online services for immigrants in Canada based on geographical variation, the type of digital modality, clientele, and needs addressed. The findings reveal disparities in access to online employment programs tailored for skilled immigrants across different geographic locations. In addition, e-learning and self-paced online courses were identified as the most prevalent digital modalities. In terms of targeted clientele, findings show that the services primarily targeted immigrants as a homogenous group, with a notable emphasis on supporting skilled immigrants in high-demand fields such as IT and healthcare. Finally, access to job search resources emerged as the highest priority among the needs addressed, while areas such as financial assistance have the potential for further growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. The Index of Economic Disparity: Measuring trends in economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions and rural and urban communities.
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Weaver, David, Krawchenko, Tamara, and Markey, Sean
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ECONOMIC trends , *CENSUS , *LABOR supply , *HOUSEHOLD surveys , *CARBON dioxide mitigation , *RURAL poor - Abstract
Territorial inequalities have long been a subject of study and concern in Canada. In the face of large structural changes such as industrial shifts and the decarbonization of our economies, there is an urgency to understand such inequalities and design effective policy interventions for those places facing persistent economic decline. This paper shares a novel composite index that measures economic disparity across Canadian Census Subdivisions (CSDs) using Census data from 2001 through 2016 and the 2011 National Household Survey. Named the "Index of Economic Disparity," it is comprised of an equally weighted average of four sub‐indices that assign percentile rankings for all CSDs based on whether they experience persistent and substantial decline in key economic areas: population, labour force outcomes, working‐age share of population, and industrial diversity. The variation of outcomes across geographies—urban and rural—highlights the importance of place‐based policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Situating platform gig economy in the formal subsumption of reproductive labor: Transnational migrant domestic workers and the continuum of exploitation and precarity.
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Yin, Siyuan
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MIGRANT labor , *HOUSEHOLD employees , *ELECTRONIC commerce , *GIG economy , *WORKING class , *PRECARITY , *LABOR supply , *LOCAL delivery services - Abstract
In conversation with critical platform and labor studies, which tend to focus on drivers and food delivery workers, this article seeks to expand our understanding of the platform gig economy from the perspective of reproductive labor and migrant domestic workers. The exploitation of women's unpaid and low-paid reproductive work has persisted throughout various stages of capitalist development. Migrant domestic workers' underpaid reproductive labor becomes an essential site for primitive capital accumulation and the production of the labor force in the contemporary neoliberal global economy. Building upon analyses of the historical and contemporary circumstances of transnational migrant domestic workers in Canada, I argue that digital labor platforms become a technology-enabled, capital-driven force in the larger commodification and exploitation process of migrant workers' reproductive labor, and such processes are underpinned by entangled structural and institutional forces of the uneven capitalist development, racism, patriarchy, and the state's discriminatory (im)migration and labor policies. The article suggests that understanding the seeming prevalence of platform work should be situated in the continuous formal subsumption of reproductive labor and the class immobility of migrant domestic workers, and labor activism and movements should contest the entwined power dominations beyond merely demanding regulations over platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Mothers of Invention: How the Experiences of Women Working From Home During COVID-19 Could Reshape the Domestic Environment.
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Crozier, Joanne
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COVID-19 pandemic ,TELECOMMUTING ,FLEXIBLE work arrangements ,HOME environment ,UNPAID labor ,LABOR supply ,VOLUNTEER service - Abstract
Despite the desire of the postindustrial workforce, particularly women, for flexible work arrangements, only 4% of Canadian employees performed their job duties remotely before the pandemic. However, this segment grew dramatically in March 2020 when the COVID-19 lockdowns forced office employees to work from home (WFH). Because the merging of employment with the dwelling has affected the genders unevenly, we focused on the WFH experiences of women, living in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, with occupations that could be performed remotely during the pandemic. We further explored how women used their agency to overcome material and behavioral challenges encountered in the home workspace by implementing innovative modifications. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 96 women with an online questionnaire, followed by 15 semi-structured interviews. The results showed that each participant created a functional workspace (if one did not already exist), and successfully performed their paid employment at home. Despite the difficulties—some resulting from the pandemic—that complicated WFH, almost every woman wanted to continue working remotely in some capacity. The findings suggest that remote work is a viable labor model for women who want to combine paid and unpaid labor in a WFH nexus within the dwelling. Examples of home-workspace innovations are provided, revealing new design considerations that could influence residential design—especially in smaller homes—as the post-pandemic labor force evolves to include a larger segment of remote employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Explaining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Massage Therapists in Australia and Canada: A Mixed Methods Study.
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Fogarty, Sarah, Hay, Phillipa, Calleri, Felicia, Fiddes, Lisa, Barnett, Rebecca, and Baskwill, Amanda
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MASSAGE therapists , *ATTITUDES of medical personnel , *RESEARCH methodology , *PATIENT-centered care , *PUBLIC health , *INTERVIEWING , *FISHER exact test , *LABOR supply , *PROFESSIONAL identity , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *DATA analysis software , *THEMATIC analysis , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic was a time of rapid change and uncertainty, with individual jurisdictions within countries implementing a variety of preventative measures. At the onset of the pandemic, as little was known about how COVID-19 was transmitted, restrictions, such as lockdowns, were implemented to prevent further spread of this virus. In many jurisdictions, massage therapists were deemed as nonessential for a period. This disruption to their livelihood, as a professional group and without autonomy to decide, was unprecedented. This prompted the question as to whether this experience had impacted massage therapists' professional identity. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was used and massage therapists in Australia and Canada were recruited to participate. Results from a quantitative questionnaire completed by 649 respondents and from 31 semistructured interviews from a subset of the questionnaire participants were used in the mixed analysis. Results: Massage therapists, impacted by the pandemic, experienced a discord between what it means to be a massage therapist, providing patient-centered care and the public health initiatives implemented during the pandemic. This discord occurred in multiple situations and the type of discord was influenced by a number of factors, including how therapists identified themselves within the workforce (i.e., as a health care provider or a service provider). Conclusion: This study sought to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted massage therapists' professional identity. Massage therapists reported that the pandemic impacted their professional identity through a lack of congruence and discord between their identity-constituting beliefs and what it means to be a massage therapist. The sequela to this discord was therapists experiencing different types of moral distress and or moral injury. Future research is needed to determine the longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on massage therapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Characterizing the Burden of Occupational Chemical Exposures by Sociodemographic Groups in the United States, 2021.
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Stephan-Recaido, Shelley C., Peckham, Trevor K., Lavoué, Jérôme, and Baker, Marissa G.
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OCCUPATIONAL diseases , *POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons , *HAZARDOUS substances , *OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *PUBLIC health , *RISK assessment , *LABOR supply , *DISEASE prevalence , *INFORMATION resources , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *ECONOMIC aspects of diseases , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Objectives. To estimate the number and prevalence of workers in the United States exposed to chemical hazards available in the Canadian job-exposure matrix (CANJEM) database and examine exposure disparities across sociodemographic groups. Methods. We merged US worker demographic data from the Current Population Survey with CANJEM to characterize the burden and sociodemographic distribution of 244 chemical exposures in the United States in 2021. An interactive version of the full data set is available online (https://deohs.washington.edu/us-exposure-burden). Results. Of the chemical exposures examined, the most prevalent were cleaning and antimicrobial agents (14.7% of workforce estimated exposed), engine emissions (12.8%), organic solvents (12.1%), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (10.1%), and diesel engine emissions (8.3%). Racial and ethnic minoritized groups, persons with lower educational attainment, foreign-born noncitizens, and males were generally overrepresented in exposure to work-related chemical hazards. Conclusions. In the United States, marginalized sociodemographic groups are estimated to experience an inequitable burden to many chemical exposures because of occupational segregation. Data from this analysis can inform occupational and public health research, policy, and interventions aimed at reducing the burden of disease and health inequities in the United States. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):57–67. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307461) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. A collaborative disability related accommodations process in work-integrated learning.
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STABENOW, ANNICKA and ANDERSON, JHEANELLE
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TEAMS in the workplace ,CURRICULUM ,SUPERVISION of employees ,ACADEMIC accommodations ,PATIENTS' rights ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,TERMS & phrases ,LEGAL status of students with disabilities ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,PEOPLE of color ,AFFINITY groups ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,HEALTH occupations students ,RESPONSIBILITY ,ATTITUDES toward disabilities ,INTERSECTIONALITY ,STUDENTS ,ABILITY ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,ROBOTICS ,DISCRIMINATION against people with disabilities ,STUDENT attitudes ,SOCIAL support ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,TRAINING ,LABOR supply ,SOCIAL stigma ,EMPLOYMENT ,SELF-disclosure - Abstract
Students with disabilities are far less likely than their peers to participate in work-integrated learning (WIL). This gap may contribute to the high levels of unemployment for people with disabilities. Unemployment rates compound when accounting for intersectional identities, with disabled people of color experiencing even higher rates of unemployment. Skill development through opportunities such as WIL is critical to ensure equity -deserving groups can transition successfully from post-secondary institutions into the workforce. Without a transparent, collaborative accommodations process in an environment that is actively reducing stigma and ableism, it is likely students with disabilities will continue to be underrepresented in WIL and the workforce after graduation. This paper presents an overview of disability, barriers to participation, and relevant Canadian legislation. The authors then propose an outline for developing a collaborative accommodations process for WIL opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
16. The state of urology in Canada: Results of the 2022 Canadian Urological Association membership survey.
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Razvi, Hassan and Sitland, Troy
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HEALTH policy , *CENSUS , *HEALTH services accessibility , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *MEMBERSHIP , *LABOR supply , *SURVEYS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *USER charges , *PHYSICIAN practice patterns , *UROLOGY , *LONGITUDINAL method , *GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
The article focuses on the results of the 2022 Canadian Urological Association (CUA) membership survey, aiming to gather updated information on the state of urology in Canada post-pandemic. Topics discussed include demographic data, practice patterns, workforce challenges, and access to resources, with the intention of informing the CUA's advocacy efforts and addressing the specific needs of Canadian urologists.
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- 2023
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17. The state of integrated disease surveillance in seven countries: a synthesis report.
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Lee, A.C.K., Iversen, B.G., Lynes, S., Rahman-Shepherd, A., Erondu, N.A., Khan, M.S., Tegnell, A., Yelewa, M., Arnesen, T.M., Gudo, E.S., Macicame, I., Cuamba, L., Auma, V.O., Ocom, F., Ario, A.R., Sartaj, M., Wilson, A., Siddiqua, A., Nadon, C., and MacVinish, S.
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PUBLIC health surveillance , *FOCUS groups , *CLINICAL governance , *ORGANIZATIONAL structure , *PUBLIC health , *INTERVIEWING , *HUMAN services programs , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *LABOR supply , *ABILITY , *TRAINING , *ENDOWMENT of research , *QUALITATIVE research , *INTEGRATED health care delivery , *THEMATIC analysis , *FINANCIAL management - Abstract
Integrated disease surveillance (IDS) offers the potential for better use of surveillance data to guide responses to public health threats. However, the extent of IDS implementation worldwide is unknown. This study sought to understand how IDS is operationalized, identify implementation challenges and barriers, and identify opportunities for development. Synthesis of qualitative studies undertaken in seven countries. Thirty-four focus group discussions and 48 key informant interviews were undertaken in Pakistan, Mozambique, Malawi, Uganda, Sweden, Canada, and England, with data collection led by the respective national public health institutes. Data were thematically analysed using a conceptual framework that covered governance, system and structure, core functions, finance and resourcing requirements. Emerging themes were then synthesised across countries for comparisons. None of the countries studied had fully integrated surveillance systems. Surveillance was often fragmented, and the conceptualization of integration varied. Barriers and facilitators identified included: 1) the need for clarity of purpose to guide integration activities; 2) challenges arising from unclear or shared ownership; 3) incompatibility of existing IT systems and surveillance infrastructure; 4) workforce and skills requirements; 5) legal environment to facilitate data sharing between agencies; and 6) resourcing to drive integration. In countries dependent on external funding, the focus on single diseases limited integration and created parallel systems. A plurality of surveillance systems exists globally with varying levels of maturity. While development of an international framework and standards are urgently needed to guide integration efforts, these must be tailored to country contexts and guided by their overarching purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Understanding the influence of medical education on physician geographic disposition: A qualitative study of family physician perspectives in Canada.
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Grierson, Lawrence, Elma, Asiana, Aggarwal, Monica, Bakker, Dorothy, Johnston, Neil, and Agarwal, Gina
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GENERAL practitioners , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *LIFESTYLES , *CULTURE , *HEALTH services accessibility , *RESEARCH methodology , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *POPULATION geography , *INTERVIEWING , *MENTORING , *EXPERIENCE , *QUALITATIVE research , *UNDERGRADUATE programs , *LABOR supply , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *STUDENTS , *DECISION making , *PROFESSIONAL autonomy , *EMPLOYMENT , *RESEARCH funding , *MASTERS programs (Higher education) , *MEDICAL practice , *MEDICAL education - Abstract
Rationale: Primary care access challenges are experienced by many communities. In several jurisdictions, including Canada, family physicians (FP) have the professional autonomy to organize their practice in alignment with professional and personal interests. Although system‐level interventions are tremendously important, investment in upstream interventions associated with the medical education of graduating FPs is a promising strategy for ameliorating primary healthcare access challenges. Aims and Objectives: This study investigates the medical education experiences that influence FP's decisions about practice locations in Canada. Methods: We conducted semistructured interviews with FPs who completed undergraduate and postgraduate medical training in Canada and now have a practice in Ontario, Canada. Interview data were coded and analysed using an unconstrained descriptive approach. Results: FPs preferred practice locations are intimately tied to their desired practice scope. Practice preferences were shaped through training experiences with patient populations, heightened clinical responsibilities, practice models and locations, professional mentorships and networks. Proximity to family, partner and lifestyle preferences, cultural connections and the available practice opportunities also shaped practice location decisions. Conclusion: Medical education influences the identification and refinement of professional family practice preferences. Health workforce policies and interventions should leverage medical education to promote more equitable primary healthcare access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. An Examination of Self-Employed Nursing Regulation in Three Canadian Provinces.
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Thiessen, Natalie J, Leslie, Kathleen, and Stephens, Jennifer M. L.
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HEALTH policy , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *SELF-employment , *JOB stress , *QUALITATIVE research , *NURSE supply & demand , *LABOR supply , *COMPARATIVE studies , *NURSES , *RESEARCH funding , *EMPLOYEES' workload , *EMPLOYMENT , *COVID-19 pandemic - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its related stresses such as short-staffing, heavy workloads, and burnout are prompting nurses to re-consider institutional employment, bringing a renewed interest in self-employed nursing and its regulation. There is limited research on the regulation of self-employed nursing roles, and published work focuses on nurses' experiences rather than on regulatory practices themselves. This qualitative case study research aimed to examine the regulation of self-employed nurses by comparing the regulatory policies and processes of nursing regulatory bodies in Ontario, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. The findings demonstrated wide variation in the regulation of self-employed nurses across these jurisdictions. The article includes recommendations to clarify and harmonize the processes used to regulate self-employed nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Labour force participation of immigrant women in Canada: With a special focus on female immigrants from the Middle East and North Africa.
- Author
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Solati, Fariba, Chowdhury, Murshed, and Rosado, Fabiana
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WOMEN immigrants ,LABOR supply ,GENDER role ,PARTICIPATION ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Using the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) and the linked LSIC‐Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), this study finds that of all immigrant women in Canada, those from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have the lowest labour force participation rate. After controlling for various socioeconomic factors and employing logistic regressions on multiple rounds of the LSIC and LSIC‐IMDB datasets, this study claims that patriarchal gender roles may have survived for MENA women even after a few years of living in Canada, resulting in relatively low labour force participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Dental hygiene shortages and their impact on the Canadian Dental Care Plan.
- Author
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Hornby, Sarah E.
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WORK environment ,WORK ,LABOR demand ,DENTAL care ,MEDICAL protocols ,LABOR supply ,DENTAL hygienists ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,EXPERIENTIAL learning ,JOB satisfaction ,POLICY sciences ,DENTAL hygiene ,EMPLOYEE retention ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
22. Effects of Child Tax Benefits on Poverty and Labor Supply: Evidence from the Canada Child Benefit and Universal Child Care Benefit.
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Baker, Michael, Messacar, Derek, and Stabile, Mark
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FAMILY allowances ,LABOR supply ,TAX benefits ,CHILD care ,POOR children ,CHILD labor - Abstract
We investigate how reforms of Canada's child allowances affected household poverty and maternal employment—the 2015 increase and expansion of the Universal Child Care Benefit and the 2016 introduction of a new Canada Child Benefit (CCB). We document that both reforms reduced child poverty, although the CCB had greater effect. By 2018, we estimate that the CCB reduced poverty by 11% in families headed by a single mother and by nearly 17% in two-parent families. We find no evidence, on either the extensive or the intensive margin, of a negative labor supply response to either of the program reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE IN THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR.
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Perdon, Verna
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MENTAL illness risk factors ,SUBSTANCE abuse risk factors ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,WELL-being ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,MENTAL health ,BLUE collar workers ,CONSTRUCTION industry ,LABOR supply ,RISK assessment ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors ,NURSES ,OCCUPATIONAL health services ,COVID-19 pandemic - Published
- 2023
24. Workforce Implications of Increased Referrals to Hereditary Cancer Services in Canada: A Scenario-Based Analysis.
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Dragojlovic, Nick, Borle, Kennedy, Kopac, Nicola, Nisselle, Amy, Nuk, Jennifer, Jevon, Mandy, Friedman, Jan M., Elliott, Alison M., and Lynd, Larry D.
- Subjects
- *
GENETIC testing , *MEDICAL genetics , *MEDICAL personnel , *CANCER genetics , *LABOR supply , *HUMAN resource planning - Abstract
Over the last decade, utilization of clinical genetics services has grown rapidly, putting increasing pressure on the workforce available to deliver genetic healthcare. To highlight the policy challenges facing Canadian health systems, a needs-based workforce requirements model was developed to determine the number of Canadian patients in 2030 for whom an assessment of hereditary cancer risk would be indicated according to current standards and the numbers of genetic counsellors, clinical geneticists and other physicians with expertise in genetics needed to provide care under a diverse set of scenarios. Our model projects that by 2030, a total of 90 specialist physicians and 326 genetic counsellors (1.7-fold and 1.6-fold increases from 2020, respectively) will be required to provide Canadians with indicated hereditary cancer services if current growth trends and care models remain unchanged. However, if the expansion in eligibility for hereditary cancer assessment accelerates, the need for healthcare providers with expertise in genetics would increase dramatically unless alternative care models are widely adopted. Increasing capacity through service delivery innovation, as well as mainstreaming of cancer genetics care, will be critical to Canadian health systems' ability to meet this challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
25. The great Canadian recovery: The impact of COVID‐19 on Canada's labour market.
- Author
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Jones, Stephen R.G., Lange, Fabian, Craig Riddell, W., and Warman, Casey
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LABOR market ,LABOR supply ,TEMPORARY employment ,COVID-19 ,EMPLOYMENT changes ,COVID-19 pandemic ,JOB postings ,UNEMPLOYMENT - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Approaches to Integrate Mental Health Services in Primary Care: A Scoping Review of System-Level Barriers and Enablers to Implementation.
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Mauer-Vakil, Dane, Sunderji, Nadiya, Webb, Denise, Rudoler, David, and Allin, Sara
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EVALUATION of human services programs ,HEALTH policy ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,LABOR demand ,PRIMARY health care ,LABOR supply ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,LITERATURE reviews ,MENTAL health services - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health is the property of Canadian Periodical for Community Studies Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Crisis in the Nursing Labour Market: Canadian Policy Perspectives.
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Baumann, Andrea and Crea-Arsenio, Mary
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STUDENT financial aid laws ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,SCHOLARSHIPS ,EMPLOYEE recruitment ,LABOR supply ,NURSE supply & demand ,GRADUATES ,NURSES ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,GOVERNMENT policy ,EMPLOYMENT ,LABOR market ,COVID-19 pandemic ,MEDICAL needs assessment ,EMPLOYEE retention - Abstract
The labour market for care professionals has experienced significant changes, resulting in critical shortages globally. Nurses represent the largest share of health workers worldwide; nonetheless, an estimated 13 million more nurses will be needed over the next 10 years. Prior to the pandemic, the domestic supply of nurses in Canada had not kept pace with the ever-increasing demand for services. Pre-pandemic age- and needs-based forecasting models have estimated shortages in an excess of 100,000 nurses nationwide by 2030. While COVID-19 has accelerated the demand for and complexity of service requirements, it has also resulted in losses of healthcare professionals due to an increased sick leave, unprecedented burnout and retirements. This paper examines key factors that have contributed to nursing supply issues in Canada over time and provides examples of policy responses to the present shortage facing the healthcare system. To provide adequate care, the nursing workforce must be stabilized and—more importantly—recognized as critical to the health of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
28. Unmet Parental Mental Health Service Needs in Neonatal Follow-Up Programs: Parent and Service Provider Perspectives †.
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Pierce, Shayna K., Reynolds, Kristin A., Jakobson, Lorna S., Ricci, M. Florencia, and Roos, Leslie E.
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PSYCHOLOGY of parents ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,FOCUS groups ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,POST-traumatic stress disorder ,LABOR supply ,MENTAL depression ,PUERPERIUM ,MEDICAL referrals ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,NEEDS assessment ,ANXIETY ,MENTAL health services ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Parental mental health services in neonatal follow-up programs (NFUPs) are lacking though needed. This study aimed to determine (1) the unmet mental health needs of parents and (2) the parent and provider perspectives on barriers and opportunities to increase mental health service access. Study 1: Parents in a central Canadian NFUP (N = 49) completed a mixed-method online survey (analyzed descriptively and by content analysis) to elucidate their mental health, related service use, barriers to service use, and service preferences. Study 2: Virtual focus groups with NFUP service providers (N = 5) were run to inform service improvements (analyzed by reflexive thematic analysis). The results show that parents endorsed a 2–4 times higher prevalence of clinically significant depression (59.2%), anxiety (51.0%), and PTSD (26.5%) than the general postpartum population. Most parents were not using mental health services (55.1%) due to resource insecurity among parents (e.g., time, cost) and the organization (e.g., staffing, training, referrals). Consolidating parents' and service providers' perspectives revealed four opportunities for service improvements: bridging services, mental health screening, online psychoeducation, and peer support. Findings clarify how a central Canadian NFUP can address parental mental health in ways that are desired by parents and feasible for service providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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29. Unemployment and labor force participation in Canada.
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Janko, Zuzana
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UNEMPLOYMENT ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,AGE groups ,LABOR supply ,MALE employees ,COINTEGRATION ,UNEMPLOYED people - Abstract
We examine the long run relationship between labour force participation and unemployment rate in Canada using data from 1975M01 to 2019M12. A cointegration analysis is conducted at the aggregate, across gender, and by age. Support is found for an added worker affect for males and a discouraged worker effect for females. Findings by age reveal that the working age females exhibits the discouraged effect. However, we cannot confirm the added worker effect for any male age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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- View/download PDF
30. Naturopathic Workforce: A Global Resource Toward the Declaration of Astana Goals—A Multimethods Study.
- Author
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Dunn, Jill, Lloyd, Iva, Steel, Amie, Adams, Jon, and Wardle, Jon
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- *
NATUROPATHY , *RESEARCH methodology , *CROSS-sectional method , *RULES , *UNIVERSAL healthcare , *INTERVIEWING , *LABOR supply , *SURVEYS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *JUDGMENT sampling , *DATA analysis software , *CONTENT analysis , *EMAIL - Abstract
Introduction: The World Health Organization identified health to be the most important social goal and the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata placed primary health care central to its attainment and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the template. The Astana Declaration called on a change of focus in primary care, from treatment of specific diseases to the prevention and inclusion of both scientific and traditional knowledge. Such objectives require public–private partnerships in providing health care, including traditional and complementary medicine systems such as naturopathy that align. However, there is limited understanding of global regulatory frameworks and officially recognized training for naturopathy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study employs an adapted mixed-methods explanatory framework to examine naturopathy regulation and education. Analysis merges data arising from a descriptive policy analysis of regulation from 36 countries and survey analysis from 65 naturopathic organizations from 29 countries. Results: Four types of workforce regulation were identified within 107 countries where naturopathy was practiced—statutory registration or occupational licensing, coregulation, negative licensing, and voluntary certification. No form of naturopathic regulation was most common. Higher graduate/postgraduate education and access to a broader range of practices were more frequently reported in countries where naturopathy is statutory regulated. Government audits were more frequently reported where naturopathy was statutory regulated or coregulated. Discussion: Naturopathic philosophy and practice align with primary health care goals outlined in the Declaration of Astana. The naturopathic workforce represents an untapped health care resource with a demonstrated track record of translating these aspirational goals into practice. However, naturopathy remains inconsistently regulated globally, serving as a significant barrier to partnering with other health system actors to attain the health-related SDGs. Workforce regulation for the naturopathic profession offers increased standards, reduced risks, integrative health workforce planning, and assistance to countries toward achieving the promise of the Declaration of Astana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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31. The anesthesia workforce in Canada: a methodology to identify physician anesthesia providers using health administrative data.
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Simkin, Sarah, Orser, Beverley A., Wilson, C. Ruth, and Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn
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- *
ANESTHESIOLOGISTS , *PHYSICIANS , *ANESTHESIA , *MEDICAL databases , *LABOR supply - Abstract
Background: Safe and timely anesthesia services are an integral component of modern health care systems. There are, however, increasing concerns about the availability of anesthesia services in Canada. Thus, a comprehensive approach to assess the capacity of the anesthesia workforce to provide service is a critical need. Data regarding the anesthesia services provided by specialists and family physicians are available through the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) but collating the data across delivery jurisdictions has proven challenging. As a result, information related to the activity of physician anesthesia providers is routinely excluded from annual physician workforce reports. Our goal was to develop a novel approach to identifying and characterizing the anesthesia workforce on a pan-Canadian scale. Methods: The study was approved by the University of Ottawa Office of Research Ethics and Integrity. We developed a methodology to identify physicians who provided anesthesia services in Canada between 1996 and 2018 using data elements from the CIHI National Physician Database. We iteratively consulted with expert advisors and compared the results with Scott's Medical Database, the Canadian Medical Association (CMA) Masterfile, and the College of Family Physicians of Canada membership database. Results: The methodology identified providers of anesthesia services using data elements from the CIHI National Physician Database, including categories of the National Grouping System, specialty designations, activity levels and participation thresholds. Physicians who provided anesthesia services only sporadically and medical residents-in-training were excluded. This methodology produced estimates of anesthesia providers that aligned with other sources. The process we followed was sequential, transparent, and intuitive, and was strengthened by collaboration and iterative consultation with experts and stakeholders. Conclusions: Using physician activity patterns, this novel methodology allows stakeholders to identify which physician provide anesthesia services in Canada. It is an essential step in developing a pan-Canadian anesthesia workforce strategy that can be used to examine patterns and trends related to the workforce and support evidence-informed workforce decision-making. It also establishes a foundation for assessing the effectiveness of a variety of interventions aimed at optimizing physician anesthesia services in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Video Conferencing With Residents and Families for Care Planning During COVID-19: Experiences in Canadian Long-Term Care.
- Author
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Connelly, Denise, Hay, Melissa, Garnett, Anna, Hung, Lillian, Yous, Marie-Lee, Furlan-Craievich, Cherie, Snelgrove, Shannon, Babcock, Melissa, Ripley, Jacqueline, Snobelen, Nancy, Gao, Harrison, Zhuang, Ruthie, Hamilton, Pam, Sturdy-Smith, Cathy, and O'Connell, Maureen
- Subjects
- *
FAMILIES & psychology , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL personnel , *VIDEOCONFERENCING , *MEDICAL protocols , *LABOR supply , *EXPERIENCE , *QUALITATIVE research , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *RESEARCH funding , *THEMATIC analysis , *COVID-19 pandemic , *LONG-term health care - Abstract
Background and Objectives Government-mandated health and safety restrictions to mitigate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) intensified challenges in caring for older adults in long-term care (LTC) without family/care partners. This article describes the experiences of a multidisciplinary research team in implementing an evidence-based intervention for family-centered, team-based, virtual care planning—PIECESTM approach—into clinical practice. We highlight challenges and considerations for implementation science to support care practices for older adults in LTC, their families, and the workforce. Research Design and Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data included meetings with LTC directors and Registered Practical Nurses (i.e. licensed nurse who graduated with a 2-year diploma program that allows them to provide basic nursing care); one-on-one interviews with family/care partners, residents, Registered Practical Nurses, and PIECES mentors; and reflections of the academic team. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research provided sensitizing constructs for deductive coding, while an inductive approach also allowed themes to emerge. Results Findings highlighted how aspects related to planning, engagement, execution, reflection, and evaluation influenced the implementation process from the perspectives of stakeholders. Involving expert partners on the research team to bridge research and practice, developing relationships from a distance, empowering frontline champions, and adapting to challenging circumstances led to shared commitments for intervention success. Discussion and Implications Lessons learned include the significance of stakeholder involvement throughout all research activities, the importance of clarity around expectations of all team members, and the consequence of readiness for implementation with respect to circumstances (e.g. COVID-19) and capacity for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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33. Effects of Spatial Characteristics on Non-Standard Employment for Canada's Immigrant Population.
- Author
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Ali, Waad, Agyekum, Boadi, Al Nasiri, Noura, Abulibdeh, Ammar, and Chauhan, Shekhar
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LABOR supply ,CENSUS ,FOREIGN workers ,IMMIGRANTS ,METROPOLITAN areas ,LOW-income housing - Abstract
Using microdata from Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey (LFS) and Population Census, this paper explores how spatial characteristics are correlated with temporary employment outcomes for Canada's immigrant population. Results from ordinary least square regression models suggest that census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations (CMAs/CAs) characterized by a high share of racialized immigrants, immigrants in low-income, young, aged immigrants, unemployed immigrants, and immigrants employed in health and service occupations were positively associated with an increase in temporary employment for immigrants. Furthermore, findings from principal component regression models revealed that a combination of spatial characteristics, namely CMAs/CAs characterized by both a high share of unemployed immigrants and immigrants in poverty, had a greater likelihood of immigrants being employed temporarily. The significance of this study lies in the spatial conceptualization of temporary employment for immigrants that could better inform spatially targeted employment policies, especially in the wake of the structural shift in the nature of work brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A rheumatology practice profile: Implications for subspeciality training in the era of advanced therapies.
- Author
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Eldeiry, Leonard and Katz, Steven J.
- Subjects
- *
PROFESSIONAL practice , *RHEUMATOLOGY , *RHEUMATOLOGISTS , *LABOR supply , *MASTERS programs (Higher education) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PHYSICIAN practice patterns , *RHEUMATISM , *POLICY sciences , *MEDICAL coding - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Moral distress: Does this impact on intent to stay among adult critical care nurses?
- Author
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Witton, Nicola, Goldsworthy, Sandra, and Phillips, Leah Adeline
- Subjects
- *
WORK environment , *RESEARCH , *ETHICS , *SOCIAL support , *CROSS-sectional method , *POPULATION geography , *ACQUISITION of data , *CRITICAL care nurses , *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *SURVEYS , *COMPARATIVE studies , *LABOR supply , *LABOR turnover , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CRONBACH'S alpha , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *NURSES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *QUALITY of life , *INTENTION , *DATA analysis software , *STATISTICAL correlation , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *EMPLOYEE loyalty , *ADULTS - Abstract
Background: Moral distress is recognized as an international problem that contributes to decreased work productivity, job dissatisfaction and intent to leave for adult Critical Care nurses. Aim: To explore Critical Care nurses moral distress levels using the Moral Distress Scale Revised (MDS‐R) and its relationship with intention to stay. The study reported in this paper was part of a larger study that also investigated Critical Care nurses' work environment in Canada and the Midlands region of the UK. Study design: During January to August 2017 a cross‐sectional survey was distributed to adult Critical Care nurses in the Midlands region of the UK. Methods: Surveys were distributed to adult Critical Care Registered Nurses in the Midlands region of the UK examining moral distress levels and intention to stay in Critical Care, the organization (NHS Trust) and in the nursing profession. Results: Two hundred sixty‐six number of a potential sample of 1066 Critical Care nurses completed the survey (25% response rate). Age and moral distress were significantly positively correlated with intention to stay on their current unit (r = 0.16, P =.05), indicating older nurses were more likely to stay in the critical care unit. Moral distress was negatively correlated with intent to stay scores, showing critical care nurses with higher levels of moral distress were less likely to stay on their unit (r = −0.20, P =.02). Moral distress was also significantly negatively correlated with intention to stay with their current employer (r = −0.28, P <.001). Nurses that stated they had high rates of moral distress were more likely to consider leaving their current employer. Conclusion: Moral distress appears to be an issue among adult Critical Care nurses requiring further exploration and development of effective strategies to reduce this phenomenon and stabilize the workforce by reducing turnover. Relevance to clinical practice: By identifying the top causes of moral distress, tools and strategies can be developed to allow the Critical Care nurse to work within an ethically safe clinical environment and reduce the turnover of experienced adult Critical Care nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Retention a and Registration Status of Naturopathic Doctors from Accredited Naturopathic Educational Programs in Canada - A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
- Author
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Lloyd, Iva, Cooley, Kieran, O'Reilly, Shawn, and Saunders, Paul Richard
- Subjects
ACCREDITATION ,NATUROPATHY ,INTRAVENOUS therapy ,CROSS-sectional method ,MEDICAL personnel agencies ,ACADEMIC achievement ,LABOR supply ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,CERTIFICATION ,EMPLOYEE retention ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RECORDING & registration - Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional analysis describes the entry to practice and continuing registration of cohorts from the two accredited naturopathic medical educational programs in Canada. Methods: Cohorts from the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine (CCNM)-Toronto and CCNM-Boucher were included and analyzed based on jurisdiction of registration, time between graduation and registration, current registration status, and the percentage achieving advanced training and certification. Results: A total of 565 graduates from CCNM-Toronto and 296 graduates from CCNM-Boucher were analyzed. 53.3% (n=459) were registered with the naturopathic regulator in Ontario, 34.0% (n=293) with the naturopathic regulator in British Columbia, 9.1% (n=78) with other regulators or professional associations in Canada and 3.6% (n=31) internationally. 47.3% (n=360) acquired registration within 5 to 7 months of graduation and 23.1% (n=176) within 8 to 11 months. The registration status of 74.8% (n=644) was listed as active. Of the naturopathic doctors (NDs) working in jurisdictions where these certifications are optional, 69.0% (n=392) had their prescribing certification and 49.8% (n=302) had their Intravenous and Injection Therapies (IVIT) certification. Conclusion: This cross-sectional analysis indicated that 2 to 3 years following graduation, the NDs sampled have a similar or higher retention rate as other healthcare professionals. The majority of graduates are registered to practice in the same province as the naturopathic program they attended. A higher percentage of NDs practicing in British Columbia than in Ontario have additional training and certification in prescribing and intravenous therapies, which may be a reflection of the broader scope of practice in that province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health and substance use health (MHSUH) workforce in Canada: a mixed methods study.
- Author
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Tulk, Christine, Bartram, Mary, Leslie, Kathleen, Atanackovic, Jelena, Chamberland-Rowe, Caroline, and Bourgeault, Ivy Lynn
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *SUBSTANCE abuse , *MENTAL health , *LABOR supply , *COVID-19 , *WAGE differentials , *VIRTUAL communications - Abstract
Background: The increased need for mental health and substance use health (MHSUH) services during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need to better understand workforce capacity. This study aimed to examine the pandemic's impact on the capacity of MHSUH service providers and to understand reasons contributing to changes in availability or ability to provide services. Methods: We conducted a mixed method study including a pan-Canadian survey of 2177 providers of MHSUH services and semi-structured interviews with 13 key informants. Survey participants answered questions about how the pandemic had changed their capacity to provide services, reasons for changes in capacity, and how their practice had during the pandemic. Thematic analysis of key informant interviews was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the pandemic on the MHSUH workforce. Results: Analyses of the survey data indicated that the pandemic has had diverse effects on the capacity of MHSUH workers to provide services: 43% indicated decreased, 24% indicated no change, and 33% indicated increased capacity. Logistic regression analyses showed that privately funded participants had 3.2 times greater odds of increased capacity (B = 1.17, p < 0.001), and participants receiving funding from a mix of public and private sources had 2.4 times greater odds of increased capacity (B = 0.88, p < 0.001) compared to publicly funded participants. Top reasons for decreases included lockdown measures and clients lacking access or comfort with virtual care. Top reasons for increases included using virtual care and more people having problems relevant to the participant's skills. Three themes were constructed from thematic analysis of key informant interviews: the differential impact of public health measures, long-term effects of pandemic work conditions, and critical gaps in MHSUH workforce data. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial impact on the capacity of the MHSUH workforce to provide services. Findings indicate the importance of increasing and harmonizing funding for MHSUH services across the public and private sectors, developing standardized datasets describing the MHSUH workforce, and prioritizing equity across the spectrum of MHSUH services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Gender differences in publication rates at Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery annual meetings: an 11-year analysis.
- Author
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Mavedatnia, Dorsa, Payandeh, Jennifer, Neocleous, Penelope, Davidson, Jacob, Dzioba, Agnieszka, Strychowsky, Julie E., and Graham, M. Elise
- Subjects
- *
MEETINGS , *LABOR productivity , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *AUTHORS , *CROSS-sectional method , *HEAD & neck cancer , *SEX distribution , *GENDER identity , *LABOR supply , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ELECTRONIC publications , *ODDS ratio , *MEDICAL specialties & specialists , *OTOLARYNGOLOGY , *MEDICAL research , *SOCIAL integration - Abstract
Background: Evaluating gender differences in publication rates after conference presentations is an avenue to assess women's contributions to academic medicine. The objective of this study was to assess gender differences in publication rates, time to publication, and subspeciality of publication of abstracts presented at Canadian otolaryngology conferences over an 11-year period. Methods: Cross-sectional data was obtained from online conference schedules of annual Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery national meetings between 2009 and 2020. A total of 2111 abstract titles were searched in MedLine via PubMed. Gender of the first and senior author, publication status of presented work, and subspeciality of publication were extracted. Results: Of 2111 scientific abstracts presented between 2009 and 2020, female first and senior authors accounted for 29.0% and 12.8% of published abstracts, respectively. There was a significant difference in the publication rate of senior authors by gender (p < 0.01). Male senior authors had a 9.70% higher rate of publication compared to female senior authors. Posters with a female first author were 33.0% (OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.49–0.91) less likely to be published compared to posters with a male first author. Similarly, posters with a female senior author were 34.0% (OR: 0.66; 95% CI 0.45–0.96) less likely to be published. There was a significant difference in discipline of publication by gender of the senior author (p < 0.001). Male senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in otology while female senior authors were more likely to supervise projects in education and pediatrics. The time to publication and impact factor of the journal of publication did not differ by gender. Conclusion: Gender disparities exist in the publication rates of first and senior authors at Canadian otolaryngology meetings. Female senior authors have significantly lower publication rates compared to their male colleagues and differences exist in publication rates after poster presentations. Investigation of gender gaps in academic medicine, research productivity, and publications is essential for development of a diverse, equitable, and inclusive workforce in otolaryngology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Strategies for Well-Being in Interventional Radiology.
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Farooq, Amina and Hamilton, Barbara
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- *
WELL-being , *PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout , *RADIOLOGISTS , *SOCIAL support , *JOB stress , *LEADERSHIP , *INTERVENTIONAL radiology , *ERGONOMICS , *LABOR supply , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
Interventional radiologists (IRs) have a massive impact on their patients, communities, and healthcare at large. Yet, IRs have physical and emotional challenges that lead to a high rate of burnout compared with other medical specialties. A Medscape survey in 2013 showed a 37% burnout incidence among radiologists, which increased to 49% in 2015. This ranked radiology 7th out of 26 specialties with respect to burnout. Although the survey did not examine IR specifically, with the increasing demands on those in the profession, this number can only be expected to increase. A survey by Bundy et al demonstrated that interventional radiologists are in the upper range of burnout among physicians with 71.9% presenting with at least 1 manifestation of burnout. This is higher than that reported among surgeons or diagnostic radiologists. We must be proactive in addressing wellness in IR if we are to flourish both individually and as a group. The impact of suboptimal well-being in an IR goes beyond that of the individual, influencing patient care with ripple effects to society at large. At worst, severe burnout can lead to an early exit from medicine, with the cost of recruiting a replacement IR estimated at two to three times an annual physician salary. This is to say nothing of the experience, wisdom, and leadership that are lost when physicians burn out and drop out. Particularly in IR, where the work performed often improves the cost-effectiveness and quality of care, burnout is a threat to the physician workforce and healthcare at large. In this article, our goal is to share some elements of physician well-being and highlight opportunities to support well-being in IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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40. The Current State of Canada's Health Care System and the potential contribution of nursing education to strengthen it: An interview with the Chief Nursing Officer Dr. Leigh Chapman | L'état actuel du système de santé canadien et la possible contribution de la formation infifirmière pour le renforcer: une entrevue avec l'Infifirmière en Chef du Canada, Dr. Leigh Chapman
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Pepin, Jacinthe I. and Myrick, Florence
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NURSING licensure ,WORK environment ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,OCCUPATIONAL achievement ,NURSING ,NURSES' attitudes ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,NURSING schools ,MEDICAL care ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,NURSING education ,NURSING career counseling ,LABOR supply ,HEALTH care reform ,JOB involvement ,NURSES ,CLINICAL competence ,EDUCATORS ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,COMMUNICATION ,OCCUPATIONAL adaptation ,POPULATION health ,RECORDING & registration ,ADVANCED practice registered nurses - Published
- 2023
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41. Workplace mental health characteristics of the Indigenous workforce in Canada: A descriptive study.
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Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin, Gohar, Basem, Sithamparanathan, Gobika, Sun, Ruo Yue, and Casole, Jennifer
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ABORIGINAL Canadians ,WORK environment ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,DYSTHYMIC disorder ,PHOBIAS ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-evaluation ,JOB stress ,MENTAL health ,PANIC disorders ,LABOR supply ,MENTAL depression ,EMPLOYEES' workload ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,ANXIETY ,MARITAL status ,SECONDARY analysis ,BIPOLAR disorder ,MANIA ,OBSESSIVE-compulsive disorder ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
BACKGROUND: The Indigenous workforce in Canada is challenged by a history of Euro-Canadian colonialism that has presented deleterious health outcomes, including those in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the mental health of Indigenous workers in the workplace. METHODS: We used the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) between 2015 to 2016. Data were analyzed using the Public Use Microdata Files to profile the workplace mental health characteristics of First Nation Canadians (n = 6,297) and Canadians (n = 84,155). We utilized secondary data analysis design. The analyses included descriptive statistics (e.g., means and standard deviations) of self-reported mood disorders (depression, bipolar, mania, dysthymia), anxiety (phobia, OCD, panic) and occupational factors (e.g., demographic, days off work due to an acute mental health condition, job type, and job stress) in indigenous peoples living off-reserve and other Aboriginal settlements in the provinces. RESULTS: We examined the indigenous cohort between the ages of 18–64 who were employed. The sample was 53.1% male, married (34.8%), and obtained a post-secondary diploma or university degree (57.9%). The study reported statistically significant gender and age differences across mood and anxiety disorders (p < 0.05), job stress (p < 0.05) and workload (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the work profile of indigenous populations in Canada across various occupational mental health (e.g., mood disorders, anxiety) and demographic (e.g., age, education attainment) outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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42. Canadian Long-Term Residential Care Staff Recommendations for Pandemic Preparedness and Workforce Mental Health.
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Boettcher, Nick, Celis, Sofia, and Lashewicz, Bonnie
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ATTITUDES of medical personnel ,RESEARCH methodology ,MENTAL health ,INTERVIEWING ,PANDEMIC preparedness ,LABOR supply ,QUALITATIVE research ,RESIDENTIAL care ,RESEARCH funding ,CONTENT analysis ,LONG-term health care - Abstract
Context: The impacts of Covid-19 pandemic conditions in Canada's long-term residential care (LTRC) sector have demonstrated that future pandemic preparedness necessitates not only recovery but deeper sectoral transformation of longstanding vulnerabilities. Improving workforce mental health and resilience is central to these transformative efforts. Objective: This study presents a content analysis of staff recommendations for pandemic preparedness and employee mental health in LTRC. Methods: Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with 50 LTRC staff members from 12 organizations. The interviews aimed to gain insights into supporting worker mental health in the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Participant responses to a question seeking recommendations for future pandemic preparedness were extracted and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: Our findings encompass staff recommendations organized into seven categories: 1) Risk reduction and compensation, 2) Staffing reappraisal, 3) Opportunities for relief, 4) Spaces to be heard, 5) Improved communication, 6) Cultivating responsive leadership, and 7) Redefining public accountability. Limitations: The data primarily relied on interviews with LTRC workers from western Canada. Implications: Recommendations are situated within existing policy and research for worker mental health and staffing. We discuss how supporting and listening to LTRC workers can strengthen pandemic preparedness, workforce mental health, and delivery of quality person-centered care. We position the increased presence of worker voices in knowledge generation and policymaking as vital for realizing the sectoral transformations needed in LTRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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43. The prevalence of telework under Covid-19 in Canada.
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Haider, Murtaza and Anwar, Amar Iqbal
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TELECOMMUTING ,LABOR supply ,COMMERCIAL real estate ,SOCIAL impact ,EMPLOYEE attitudes - Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the determinants of teleworking before and during COVID-19 in Canada. It explores the extent of telework adoption across industrial sectors, as well as the long-term impacts of large-scale adoption of teleworking on urban travel demand and the dwindling demand for commercial real estate in downtowns. Design/methodology/approach: Using data from a survey of business establishments, this study employs data visualization techniques to illustrate how telework adoption evolved during the early stages of the COVID-19 lockdown. The study also estimates Logit models to explore the determinants of telework before and during the pandemic using a subsample from the Canadian labor force survey. Findings: The study found that telework adoption reached a peak in March and April of 2020 when almost 40% of the workers in Canada were teleworking. Only 12% of employees reported teleworking before the pandemic. The adoption of teleworking was far more pronounced amongst firms that use information and communication technologies (ICTs) extensively. Teleworking appears to be far more frequent among university-educated (knowledge economy) workers. Practical implications: Knowledge economy and highly educated workers, who switched to teleworking during the pandemic at higher rates than workers with less education, are more frequently employed in offices located in the urban core or downtowns. The drastic decline in commuting to the urban core via public transit and record low occupancy levels in downtown office towers suggests that, even if telework prevailed at levels much lower than those observed during March and April of 2020, landlords holding large portfolios of commercial real estate must prepare to cope with the lower demand for commercial real estate. This is especially significant when commercial leases come up for renewal in the next few years. In addition, governments struggling to address traffic congestion by spending hundreds of billions of dollars on transport and transit infrastructure might want to promote teleworking as a means of reducing travel demands and costly infrastructure expenditures. Social implications: Teleworking has partially eroded the boundaries between work and home by enabling millions to continue being productive while working from home. However, teleworking would require new norms and rules to maintain a work-life balance. This change requires workers and employers to cooperate. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that explores the extent of telework adoption during COVID-19 in Canada and the determinants of telework adoption, presenting both employee and firm-level perspectives using Canada-wide representative data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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44. COVID-19 Among Migrant Farmworkers in Canada: Employment Strain in a Transnational Context.
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Vosko, Leah F., Basok, Tanya, Spring, Cynthia, Candiz, Guillermo, and George, Glynis
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COVID-19 pandemic ,MIGRANT agricultural workers ,LABOR supply ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,LABOR laws - Abstract
This study analyzes the conditions that migrant farmworkers in Canada endured prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020-March 2022). It draws on policy analysis and open-ended interviews with workers in Canada's Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP), as well as non-status migrants employed in agriculture. It evaluates policies and measures adopted by Canadian authorities to address labour shortages in agriculture and protect the health of migrant farmworkers. In recognizing the intersections of precarious employment and insecure residency status, the study advances an expanded employment strain approach to illustrate how longstanding immigration and labour laws, policies and practices, persisting alongside COVID-19 specific public policy interventions, aimed at improving the quality of and access to job resources for migrant farmworkers, serve to reinforce labour market insecurities confronted by this group of transnational workers. The report offers policy recommendations for improving working conditions, accommodations, and residency status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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45. Erlernbar ja, kopierbar nein.
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ESCHBORN, NORBERT
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COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,LABOR demand ,LABOR supply ,LABOR market ,FINANCIAL crises ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
Copyright of Die Politische Meinung is the property of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
46. Characterizing occupational radon exposure greater than 100 Bq/m3 in a highly exposed country.
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Brobbey, A., Rydz, E., Fenton, S., Demers, P. A., Ge, C. B., and Peters, C. E.
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- *
OCCUPATIONAL exposure , *RADON , *GAS well drilling , *LOGNORMAL distribution , *GAS extraction , *LABOR supply - Abstract
Radon is an established lung carcinogen concentrating in indoor environments with importance for many workers worldwide. However, a systematic assessment of radon levels faced by all workers, not just those with direct uranium or radon exposure, has not previously been completed. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of workers exposed to radon, and the level of exposure (> 100–200 Bq/m3, 200–400 Bq/m3, 400–800 Bq/m3, and > 800 Bq/m3) in a highly exposed country (Canada). Exposures among underground workers were assessed using the CAREX Canada approach. Radon concentrations in indoor workplaces, obtained from two Canadian surveys, were modelled using lognormal distributions. Distributions were then applied to the susceptible indoor worker population to yield the number of exposed workers, by occupation, industry, province, and sex. In total, an estimated 603,000 out of Canada's 18,268,120 workers are exposed to radon in Canada. An estimated52% of exposed workers are women, even though they comprise only 48% of the labour force. The majority (68%) are exposed at a level of > 100–200 Bq/m3. Workers are primarily exposed in educational services, professional, scientific and technical services, and health care and social assistance, but workers in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction have the largest number of exposed workers at high levels (> 800 Bq/m3). Overall, a significant number of workers are exposed to radon, many of whom are not adequately protected by existing guidelines. Radon surveys across multiple industries and occupations are needed to better characterize occupational exposure. These results can be used to identify exposed workers, and to support lung cancer prevention programs within these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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47. Preliminary point prevalence of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) training in the U.S. and Canada.
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Kopelovich, Sarah L., Nutting, Elizabeth, Blank, Jennifer, Buckland, Helen Teresa, and Spigner, Clarence
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- *
CLUSTER sampling , *PSYCHOSES , *LABOR supply , *DISEASE prevalence , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *COGNITIVE therapy - Abstract
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is recommended by psychosis treatment guidelines in the U.S. and Canada, however accessibilty has not been systematically established and little is known about trainer or training characteristics in these countries. This paper represents the first effort to estimate the population of CBTp practitioners, characterize trainer qualifications and training practices, and calculate a CBTp accessibility estimate. We oversampled from a known cluster of the target population and supplemented with chain-referral sampling. Respondents completed an online survey pertaining to workforce training conducted since 2005. An accessibility estimate was calculated using published disease prevalence data and national workforce census data. Twenty-five CBTp trainers completed the questionnaire. Respondents were predominantly white female psychologists in hospital or academic settings. Their estimates of practitioners trained in the past 15 years yielded a point prevalence of 0.57% of the combined mental health workforce, corresponding to 11.5–22.8 CBTp-trained providers for every 10,000 people diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Survey results showed several differences in training approaches, settings, and funders. This preliminary study suggests that CBTp remains inaccessible across these two countries. Future studies should refine the sampling methods to provide a more robust prevalence estimate within each country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Predictors of self-reported health and psychological distress among recently released Canadian Armed Forces Veterans.
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Coulthard, Julie, Sudom, Kerry, and Born, Jennifer
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- *
WELL-being , *SELF-evaluation , *FUNCTIONAL status , *CHRONIC diseases , *HEALTH status indicators , *MENTAL health , *SATISFACTION , *RISK assessment , *PSYCHOLOGY of veterans , *LABOR supply , *RETIREMENT , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *SOCIAL integration , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Recent research has found that, while the majority of Veterans report a positive adjustment to post-service life, the number who report experiencing transition difficulties is increasing. This study aims to describe some of the predictors of general health, mental health, and psychological distress, with a focus on recently released Canadian Armed Forces Veterans. Analysis was performed on a sample of Veterans (N=909) who released in the past five years. Separate stepwise logistic regression models explored the odds of reporting each negative health outcome, first controlling for individual and military characteristics, then exploring the relative associations of well-being indicators. Presence of chronic physical and mental health conditions was associated with all negative health outcomes. Other indicators associated with a higher likelihood of negative health outcomes included dissatisfaction with one's main activity since retirement, having a low sense of community belonging, being disabled and not being in the workforce. Higher mastery was associated with a lower likelihood of distress and poor general health, and was marginally significantly associated with a lower likelihood of poor mental health. The results demonstrate the importance of individual factors, social integration, and chronic health conditions in predicting the health outcomes of recently released CAF Veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Facilitating the Path to Licensure and Practice: International Medical Graduates in Canada.
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Bartman, Ilona, Touchie, Claire, Topps, Maureen, and Boulet, John R.
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PROFESSIONAL licenses , *FOREIGN physicians , *EDUCATIONAL tests & measurements , *LABOR supply , *INTERNSHIP programs , *CLINICAL competence , *PHYSICIANS , *MEDICAL practice , *TEACHER development - Abstract
Canada relies heavily on foreign-trained physicians. As a Federation, with health care being a Provincial jurisdiction, this often translates into varied processes that international medical graduates (IMGs) must undertake to obtain a Canadian medical license. Two decades ago, several government officials and representatives of many physician organizations, including regulatory bodies, met and proposed 6 recommendations to make the processes standardized, simpler, and more transparent to aid internationally trained physicians in their pursuit of Canadian medical licenses. The Medical Council of Canada (MCC) was one of the organizations at the 2002 meeting in Calgary, Alberta. As an organization responsible for the assessment of physicians' knowledge and skills and the issuant of the Licentiate of the MCC (LMCC), a prerequisite for Canadian medical license, the MCC was one of the institutions tasked with implementation of the recommendations. The purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate how well the recommendations were met. To do this, we explored whether the IMGs' journey to obtain Canadian medical licenses in 2022 is more challenging or less challenging than in 2002. The MCC's role in helping to effect changes in the licensing process was highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 'Strange eyes': Immigrant perceptions of racism during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
- Author
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Newbold, K. Bruce, Vrabic, Kaylah, Wayland, Sarah, Wahoush, Olive, and Weerakoon, Yudara
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COVID-19 pandemic ,RACE discrimination ,ANTI-Asian racism ,RACISM ,LABOR supply ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
As the COVID‐19 pandemic emerged, instances of anti‐immigrant racism and more specifically anti‐Asian racism appeared to increase across Canada. Recognising the need to further explore and document racism and its link with the COVID‐19 pandemic, this paper explores the impact of COVID‐19 on the experiences of racism and discrimination. Using neoracism as a theoretical framework, the research is set in the city of Hamilton, Ontario, a city that has struggled with high levels of racism and discrimination in recent years. The paper draws upon both an online survey as well as interviews that explored the lived experiences of racialized individuals within the city and their experiences with racism as the pandemic progressed. Results note that individuals felt that racism and discrimination increased during the pandemic and was experienced in housing, the labour force and other public situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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