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This study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, combining simulation experiments, thermal expansion analysis, XRD, SEM, and physical property assessments to investigate the firing temperature in illitic-kaolinitic porcelain. Our findings indicate that the accuracy of the thermal expansion method depends on both the actual firing temperature and dwell time. When dwell time is uncertain, the method provides a range of possible actual firing temperatures, differing by approximately 100 °C. Remarkably, as the porcelain body nears full vitrification, the determined firing temperature tends to be notably higher. A critical analysis of previous research suggests potential overestimation of ancient kiln temperatures. Additionally, our study highlights the usefulness of bulk density, water absorption, porosity, and mullite content in determining dwell time. Overall, our research offers new insights into ancient porcelain firing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In frozen part‐baked bread technology, starch is influenced by various processing factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of part‐baking time, freezing rate and frozen storage time on pasting, thermal and structural properties of part‐baked bread. Wheat dough was part‐baked for 0, 3 or 6 min and frozen at −20 °C using two freezing rates: slow (0.15 °C min−1) or fast (1.45 °C min−1). Next, samples were stored in frozen conditions for 56 days and analysed every 14 days for starch damage, pasting properties, thermal and X‐ray analysis. The level of damaged starch increased with 3 min (69.3%), and 6 min (88.8%) of part‐baking time for both freezing rates compared to no part‐baked. In pasting analyses, peak viscosity decreased 27.3% and 38.4% for 3 and 6 min of part‐baking time, respectively, at 0 days of frozen storage; however, this tendency was observed for all frozen storage time. The gelatinisation enthalpy (ΔHg) decreased as part‐baking time increased, showing the maximum reduction at 6 min of part‐baked (94.9%). In X‐ray diffraction analyses at 3 and 6 min of part‐baking, the intensity of the signal increased 4.4% and 10.9%, respectively, probably due to the starch gelatinisation. These results can serve as a valuable guide for developing strategies to enhance the quality of part‐baked bread and improve production performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The utilization of natural fibers rather than engineered filaments has turned into a subject of conversation in the composite industries. In this research, one of the natural fibers was synthesized from Pennisetum orientale grass and the surfaces were modified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) chemically. Then they were used as reinforcement in vinyl ester polymer by different weight percentage (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt%) for fabrication of composites. At different filler loading various mechanical properties were evaluated and discussed. The mechanical properties of the composites were observed to increase at beginning phase with increase in filler content till optimum (25 wt%) fiber loading and from there on declines. The composite at optimum fiber loading were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and compared with untreated composites. The findings give manufactures and engineer a general idea to use this composite for weight reduction especially in automotive applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation, and subsequent structural, thermal and adsorptive properties of single‐component metal–organic framework crystal‐glass composites (MOF‐CGCs) are investigated. A series of novel materials exhibiting chemically identical glassy and crystalline phases within the same material were produced, where crystalline ZIF‐62(Zn) was incorporated within an agZIF‐62(Zn) matrix. X‐ray diffraction showed that the crystalline phase was still present after heating to above the glass transition temperature of agZIF‐62(Zn), and interfacial compatibility between the crystalline and glassy phases was investigated using a mixed‐metal (ZIF‐62(Co))0.5(agZIF‐62(Zn))0.5 analogue. CO2 gas adsorption measurements showed that the CO2 uptakes of the MOF‐CGCs were between those of the crystalline and glassy phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the RE-Ru-Al systems, in the region with high content of rare earth elements a number of isostructural compounds RE 10 RuAl 3 (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) were identified. The structures of the obtained compounds belong to ordered variant of anti -Co 2 Al 5 -type with a hexagonal cell, space group P 6 3 / mmc (No. 194), Pearson symbol hP 28 , Z = 2, the cell parameters a = 9.5901(19) Å, c = 9.6504(17) Å (Gd); a = 9.5029(17) Å, c = 9.5746(20) Å (Tb); a = 9.4761(17) Å, c = 9.5544(13) Å (Dy); a = 9.4235(9) Å, c = 9.5132(7) Å (Ho); a = 9.3967(6) Å, c = 9.4761(5) Å (Er); a = 9.3589(12) Å, c = 9.4277(10) Å (Tm). All compounds were synthesized by arc-melting the stoichiometric quantities of elementary components. The structures were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis of a single crystal and refined by the Rietveld method from powder X-ray diffraction patterns. In the structure of the compound Ho 10 RuAl 3 one of the three holmium sites - Ho3 - was mixed with Al, which is reflected in the composition of the intermetallide: compound with Ho shows a small deviation from composition RE 10 RuAl 3 and an adequate formula of the compound is Ho 10‒x RuAl 3+x (x = 0.07). The crystal structure of the compounds can be represented as rows of trigonal prisms with rare earth atoms at the vertices, centered by ruthenium atoms, alternating with a pair of empty octahedra of rare earth atoms along the direction c of the unit cell. Rows of prisms and octahedrons separate distorted icosahedrons RE[Al 6 RE 6 ] with a rare earth atom in the center, connected by common triangular faces. All obtained compounds have a congruent melting pattern. [Display omitted] • Six novel ternary intermetallic compounds RE 10 RuAl 3 (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) were prepared. • Two fundamentally different ways of describing the crystal structure of the obtained compounds were considered. • Compound Ho 10 RuAl 3 is characterized by a mixed occupancy of one of the holmium sites by aluminum and holmium atoms. • Intermetallic compounds RE 10 RuAl 3 (RE = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) melt congruently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceramicizable phenolic resin matrix composites are widely used in aerospace fields, and their heat resistance rating can reach 1400 °C. To further improve heat resistance, HfB 2 -SiB 6 ceramicizable phenolic resin matrix composites were prepared, and their thermal properties and oxidative corrosion behaviour were studied. The results showed that the composites with 30 % SiB 6 had a ceramic yield of 69.69 % at 1600 °C, and their linear and mass ablation rates were as low as 0.004 mm/s and 0.043 g/s, respectively. XRD and thermodynamic calculation showed that there were complex reactions to form Hf ceramics and Si-B-N-O to prevent corrosion under high temperatures of about 2000–2400 °C. • HfB 2 -SiB 6 improves the heat resistance of ceramicizable phenolic resin composites. • Composites' linear and mass ablation rates are as low as 0.004 mm/s and 0.043 g/s. • The composites with 30 % SiB 6 have 69.69 % ceramic yield after 1600 °C treatment. • Complex reactions occur to form Hf ceramics and Si-B-N-O preventing corrosion. • Composites have heat resistance at 1600 °C and ablation resistance at 2000–2400 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the effect of severe plastic deformation on the structure, mechanical and thermal properties as well as crystallization process of a Zr 62.5 Сu 22.5 Al 10 Fe 5 alloy. High pressure torsion (HPT) induces local atomic changes and accumulates the formation of inhomogeneous chemical regions. The mechanically treated alloy structure is generally complex. The residual glassy matrix contains nanocrystalline particles. The structural changes observed during the HPT process lead to significant changes in the crystallization process. The effect of shear strain on crystallization of the Zr 62.5 Сu 22.5 Al 10 Fe 5 alloy and its properties was studied in detail using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. • HPT leads to the formation of an inhomogeneous amorphous structure. • High strain radically changes the process of thermal solidification of the alloy. • Inhomogeneous amorphous structure is the reason for the high increase in hardness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comparative analysis of Zn 1.88–2 x Mn 2 x Mg 0.12 SiO 4 and Zn 2–2 x Mn 2x SiO 4 was performed. • Lattice parameters of both solid solutions change nonmonotonically. • Melting points of solid solutions decrease with increasing manganese concentration. • The introduction of 6 at% magnesium reduces decay time by almost a factor of two. [Display omitted] The effect of magnesium introduction on the structural, thermal, and luminescent characteristics of Zn 2 SiO 4 :Mn at the fixed magnesium concentration of 6 at% has been studied. Zn 1.88–2 x Mn 2 x Mg 0.12 SiO 4 phosphors were synthesized by the solid phase method. The structural properties were studied using X-ray diffraction. The luminescent properties were characterized by the PLE and PL spectra. The charge state of manganese ions was determined by the XPS method. It was found that the Zn 1.88–2 x Mn 2 x Mg 0.12 SiO 4 samples at x ≤ 0.14 were single-phase. The unit cell parameters of the solid solutions changed nonmonotonically with increasing x. The change in the linear trend of the parameters occurred at x = 0.06, and was caused by the oxidation of a part of the Mn2+ ions to Mn3+. The introduction of 6 at% magnesium into the Zn 2–2x Mn 2x SiO 4 structure caused an inversion of the crystallographic positions in which manganese was predominantly oxidized. It was shown that the melting temperatures of the Zn 2–2x Mn 2x SiO 4 and Zn 1.88–2 x Mn 2 x Mg 0.12 SiO 4 solid solutions decreased with increasing manganese concentration, but were practically independent of the presence of magnesium. The structural phase transition α→β was recorded in the premelting region for all Zn 2–2 x Mn 2 x SiO 4 compositions. For the Zn 1.88–2 x Mn 2 x Mg 0.12 SiO 4 solid solutions, the α→β transition was registered only for x ˂0.06. The optimal photoluminescence intensity of Zn 2–2 x Mn 2 x SiO 4 shifted to the region of lower values of x with the introduction of magnesium and turned out to be maximum for Zn 1.76 Mn 0.12 Mg 0.12 SiO 4. The introduction of 6 at% magnesium reduced the decay time by almost a factor of two; for the sample with x = 0.06 the decay time was 0.654 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]