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The unique black soil resources and natural environment of Jilin province provide the proper conditions for the growth of ginseng-the king of herb. Ginseng industry has effectively promoted the development of medical and health industry, and brought considerable economic income for ginseng farmers. However, long-term continuous cropping of ginseng causes the chemical, biological, and physical properties deterioration of soil, which influences the yield and the quanlity of ginseng, and results in the occurrence of replant obstacle. Identifying the malignant soil factors in continuous cropping obstacles, then analyzing the evolution process, and putting forward the improvement strategies is the primary task of ginseng research at present. This paper reviews the influence of ginseng cultivation on the physicochemical property, nutrient, enzyme activity, microecology and ecotoxicity of the soil, and the achievements of improving ginseng soil by chemical and biological techniques and methods in recent 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China and Japan are cooperating in the destruction of the Japanese army abandoned chemical weapons in China (JACWs). During the long-term burial of JACWs, As-containing agents leaked into the environment due to the corrosion of the shell, resulting in soil As pollution. This paper studied the fraction, speciation, and composition of As in the soil polluted by the As-containing agent in Jilin, China. The results showed that As was mainly distributed in the forest soil in the study area, with the highest concentration of 110 mg/kg, and had the trend of migration to the downhill farmland soil. As mainly accumulated in the amorphous Fe/Al oxides bounded fraction and residual states, the proportion of potentially risky fractions in the soil of downhill farmland is higher than that of uphill farmland. The speciation of As in the soil is mainly As(V), with an average content of 25.02 mg/kg. The transformation behavior of As in the horizontal migration of topsoil is mainly the oxidation of As (III). The residual organic As in soil mainly includes 2-chlorovinylarsonic acid, triphenylarsine, phenylarsine oxide, and diphenylarsonic acid. Similar to the influence factors of As, both speciation and organic compounds of As are significantly affected by Fe/Al/Mn-oxides, and degradation and transformation reactions such as redox occur during migration. • As mainly existed in amorphous Fe/Al oxide bound fraction and residual fraction. • The organic-As in soil mainly includes CVAOA, TPA, PAO, and DPAA. • DPAA showed a significant negative correlation with TP, Ca and Mn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil microbial community is highly sensitive to the soil environment and can reflect changes in soil quality and soil ecosystem health. To clarify the differences in microbial structure and the effect of environmental factors on soil microbial communities in different ecological regions in Golden Maize Belt China, 72 corn soils were collected in three ecological zones (eastern, central, and western) in Jilin province. The chemical properties and enzyme content were measured. High-throughput sequencing was adopted to calculate the microbial diversity and analyze the microbial structure of soil fungi and bacteria. The environmental influencing factors were found by canonical correlation analysis. The results showed that the soil pH of the eastern, central, and western regions is 5.3, 6.2, and 7.9, respectively. Soil fertility declined from east to west. The content of urease and sucrase in the soil in the west was the highest at 48.11 mg/g·d and 119.23 mg/g·d , respectively. Soil phosphatase content was closely related to soil pH. The abundance of fungal and bacterial communities displayed a downward trend from west to east. Ascomycota is the dominant flora of soil fungi, and Actinobacteria is the dominant flora of soil bacteria. The Ascomycota and Actinobacteria showed a positive correlation with loam. The accumulated and annual average temperatures in environmental factors had the most significant influence on the structure of the soil fungal. Soil pH, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, and rainfall were the main factors affecting the soil bacteria. Our findings emphasize that climatic conditions significantly impact soil fungi and bacteria. Therefore, we should pay great attention to the impact of climate change on soil microbial diversity and structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]