23 results on '"HUMAN capital"'
Search Results
2. Understanding Undergraduate Student Borrowing in China: A Qualitative Analysis
- Author
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Zhang, Hanwen
- Abstract
As China moved from elite to mass higher education, student borrowers as the product of state intervention have surged. Yet little attention has been paid to their voices. This study conducts reflexive thematic analysis with a qualitative inquiry into lived experiences of 41 current borrowers. A five-factor typology of debt attitudes yields a dynamic explanation of debt and repayment complexities. Students perceive borrowing as an investment in human and social capital. They are, however, cautious of consumer credit. Far from being a deterrent or added burden, educational indebtedness grants them a measure of freedom and autonomy in college. And they consider debt repayment manageable, mainly if a family safety net exists.
- Published
- 2023
3. International Students in Chinese Elite Universities and Employability Capital: A Qualitative Study
- Author
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Jasvir Kaur Nachatar Singh
- Abstract
The article explores how international students in China are engaging with employability-related programmes to enhance their employment outcomes in their home countries, underpinned by the Graduate Capital Model (GCM). Thirty international students in China participated in in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that international students studying at elite universities in China are very aware of building and enhancing their employability via key forms of capital: acquiring human capital (knowledge and skills) to contribute to their home countries, building social capital in China and elsewhere, and developing stronger career, cultural and identity capital through internships and other work-related programmes, as well as psychological adaptability and flexibility. Most importantly, they are proactive in interweaving strategies for this range of capital to enhance their employability and achieve successful employment outcomes. The findings contribute to the empirical understanding of the employability strategies employed by international students in China, while also providing recommendations on enhancing and facilitating employability of current and future international students there to match with the needs of global employment practices and policies.
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- 2024
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4. Embarking on the Postdoc Journey: Unveiling Chinese Doctoral Graduates' Expectations and Experiences
- Author
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Gaoming Zheng, Liping Li, Yue Zhai, and Wenqin Shen
- Abstract
Whilst China has become home to the second largest doctoral education system in the world, with over 20% of its doctoral graduates taking up postdoctoral researcher positions inside and outside of China, a lack of information regarding the expectations of these doctoral graduates in pursuing postdocs has resulted in a failure to meet their expectations, leading to insufficient institutional support for their career development. In order to improve this situation and provide more tailored institutional support for Chinese postdocs, we conducted interviews with 30 doctoral graduates from elite Chinese universities from February 2020 to December 2021 to understand their expectations for and experiences of postdocs. The data identified four expected-to-accumulated capitals during postdoc experiences: personal scientific capital, discipline-related social capital, institution-related social capital and family-related social capital. Among these, the primary consideration for engaging in postdocs is to enhance personal scientific capital in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Chinese doctoral graduates who choose domestic postdocs have higher expectations for increasing institution-based social capital, while those who go abroad expect to develop discipline-related social capital within the international academic community. Understanding these expectations will be instrumental in developing optimal approaches to providing institutional support for the career development of Chinese postdocs.
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- 2024
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5. Graduate Employability and International Education: An Exploration of Foreign Students' Experiences in China
- Author
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Kun Dai and Thanh Pham
- Abstract
Despite the increasing research attention on international graduates' employability and vocational development, most studies have focused on their employability in developed countries; little is known about their employability in developing countries such as China. In this qualitative study, 15 international graduates from two Chinese universities voluntarily participated in in-depth interviews to share their insights about how they negotiated employability in China. The study employed Bourdieu's cultural theory, Tomlinson's graduate capital model, and Pham's employability agency framework as complementary conceptual frameworks. The findings revealed that international graduates in China strategically developed various capital (e.g., human, social, identity, cultural, psychological, identity, and agentic) to navigate the Chinese labour market. To some extent, the role of these capitals in the Chinese context was distinct. This study suggests that different stakeholders should collaboratively support international students in China to develop and utilise various employability capital during and after their study programme.
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- 2024
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6. Supportive Supervision and Doctoral Student Creativity: The Double-Edged Sword of Family Support
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Ying Zhang, Mengyi Shen, Si Shi, and Shuiyun Liu
- Abstract
Doctoral student creativity is critical for technological innovation and knowledge production. Based on the extended scientific and technical human capital (STHC) theory, a moderated mediation model was constructed to explore how supportive supervision is associated with doctoral student creativity through the simultaneous mediating effects of academic buoyancy and network ties and the moderating role of family support. A sample of 637 doctoral students from China participated in this study. In particular, the findings suggest that supportive supervision is positively related to doctoral student creativity through the simultaneous indirect effects of both academic buoyancy and network ties, while the mediating effect of academic buoyancy is stronger than that of network ties. Moreover, the significant moderation effect of family support on the relationship between network ties, academic buoyancy, and creativity reveals that students with greater family support are more likely to benefit from the academic buoyancy while leading the mediating effect of network ties to be dispensable, implying that family support can be a double-edged sword. The findings provide implications for supervision that can improve doctoral student creativity by attaching importance to social capital and psychological capital while considering the nuanced influence that family support may exert.
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- 2024
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7. Chinese Dual Language Immersion Teacher Professional Learning Community
- Author
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He, Ye, Ouyang, Qiuyu, and Zhang, Hanxuan
- Abstract
To support the increasing numbers of Chinese language programs in the United States, there is a need to recruit and support highly qualified teachers. In this study, we described an online professional learning community (PLC) among a small group of Kindergarten Chinese teachers. All the teachers were visiting teachers with prior teaching experiences from China. Based on PLC meeting notes, artifacts, and individual teacher interviews, we explored teachers' development of human, social, and decisional capitals, and the impact of PLC on their instructional practices. Discussions and implications were also provided to further cultivate, sustain, and expand such professional learning opportunities for teachers from diverse backgrounds.
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- 2022
8. Experiencing the Workplace: The Importance and Benefits for Teenagers. OECD Education Policy Perspectives. No. 45
- Author
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Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (France)
- Abstract
The OECD Career Readiness project makes use of quantitative evidence to identify how teenage career-related activities and attitudes are linked with better adult employment outcomes. Review of multiple national longitudinal datasets confirms that teenage experiences of the workplace through part-time working and volunteering are routinely associated with better prospects in work during adulthood. While the evidence base is much weaker, it is also likely that students who undertake workplace placements through their schools can have much to gain. This policy brief draws on evidence from longitudinal studies and beyond to explore the following questions: Why is it important for secondary school students to have first-hand experience of work? What difference does workplace experience make? And how can schools and education systems best optimise its benefits?
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- 2021
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9. Is Female Education 'Gendered' and Procedurally yet Substantively Practiced' in China? Insights from a Systematic Review and the Practical Theory
- Author
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Alduais, Ahm, Deng, Meng, and Gökmen, Seda
- Abstract
Female education in China is an over-researched area, yet it does not provide enough evidence on the country's exact pattern of female education practice. On the one hand, the National Plan of 2010-2020 emphasises equal education policies regardless of gender type. On the other hand, reported research raises several gendered and procedural yet substantive practices of female education in China. Thus, it was essential to conduct this study to inform policymakers, practitioners and researchers on the status of this area, based on a systematic review of 47 eligible included studies conducted between 2009 and 2020, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed designs. The review answers two questions: (1) What are the substantive findings of qualitative synthesis on gender equity of female education in China? (2) Regardless of the existence or absence of gender inequity, what patterns of female education exist, and what kind of framework or model could be proposed to reform female education in China? The PRISMA guideline and SPIDER tool were used to conduct and report this study. The practical theory was also used--proposing a model that may serve to diagnose as well as intervene in the conflict of female education equity in China. Findings and conclusions showed that both gender equity and gender inequity are disadvantageous at short-term and long-term levels. For this reason, "relativism" might help to reduce the impact of these two patterns. While cultural and social capital is still the main impacting factor on gender equity in any country, reform should take place. "Relativism" could be achieved through reasonable understanding and interpretation of the sources that form the cultural and social capital. It takes place also by preventing the causes of gender gaps. These include over-interpretation and under-interpretation of gender roles, mainly those which are female. Gender should never be used as a factor in human capital.
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- 2021
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10. The effect of inequality of opportunity on entrepreneurship: Evidence from China.
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Zhou, Guangsu and Liu, Lizhong
- Subjects
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,SELF-employment ,ECONOMIC structure ,HUMAN capital ,INCOME inequality ,SOCIAL capital - Abstract
Despite the rich literature on income inequality, its impact on entrepreneurship is inconclusive, especially regarding the effect of different structures of inequality. In this research, we endeavour to explain such a phenomenon by formalising the inequality of opportunity. Utilising micro‐level data from China, we argue that it is inequality of opportunity that is negatively correlated with people's engagement in entrepreneurship, and this conclusion is consistent under a series of robustness checks. Our heterogeneity analysis indicates that the association between inequality of opportunity and entrepreneurship is stronger for self‐employment than for bigger‐scale private companies. It is also the strongest in regions with the lowest GDP per capita, the lowest fiscal expenditures and the smallest tertiary sector. These results suggest that economic development quality, economic structure and public service are important factors that influence the correlations between inequality of opportunity (IO) and entrepreneurial activities. Finally, we seek to understand the channels through which IO may be linked to entrepreneurship. Our results find that IO may discourage engagement in entrepreneurship by depressing human capital accumulation, access to credit, social capital and risk taking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Decision-Making Mechanism of Farmers in Land Transfer Processes Based on Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Framework: A Study in Rural China.
- Author
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Liu, Hongbin, Zhang, Hebin, Xu, Yuxuan, and Xue, Ying
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LAND title registration & transfer ,AGRICULTURAL modernization ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,HUMAN capital ,FARM mechanization ,FAMILY size ,SOCIAL capital ,EDUCATIONAL mobility - Abstract
The act of land transfer in rural areas is an important decision-making mechanism for farmers, to enhance resource allocation efficiency and promote capital mobility, and this act is of strategic importance in promoting the level of agricultural scale and mechanization, land system change, and, thus, the sustainable development of livelihoods and production in China. This study aims to explore farmers' decision-making mechanisms in the process of land transfer in rural areas, by constructing a theoretical framework. Structural equation modeling was used, based on data from a survey of rural families in the Liaoning Province area of Northeastern China. The main findings are as follows: (1) The seven types of exogenous latent variables, including environmental vulnerability, policy, and five main livelihood assets (natural capital, physical capital, financial capital, human capital, and social capital), are intermediary in farmers' land transfer behavior, which then positively affect farmers' livelihood outcomes. (2) Among the exogenous latent variables affecting farmers' land transfer, human assets have the most significant positive effect, followed by social assets and physical assets, family labor force share, frequency of work information exchange, and number of production tools, greatly affect the corresponding variable. (3) Natural assets play the most important role and have a negative effect on farmers' land transfer decision; contracted area of land per family is the greatest impacted measurable variable of this. The results of the study suggest that the government should strengthen skills training for farmers, improve the land transfer policy system, and provide appropriate subsidies in a regionally targeted manner. Thus, it can promote the transformation of Chinese-style agricultural modernization and achieve rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Does internet use improve employment?——Empirical evidence from China.
- Author
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Zhan, Yunqiu and Yang, Shuwen
- Subjects
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INTERNET , *EMPLOYMENT , *SOCIAL influence , *SOCIAL capital , *HUMAN capital - Abstract
Achieving comprehensive and high-quality employment is essential to achieving new levels of people's well-being. The advancement of Internet technology not only affect the massiveness of employment, but also the quality of that. On the basis of constructing an employment quality evaluation index system, this article uses CLDS (China Labor-force Dynamics Survey) data to explore the impact of Internet use on the employment quality of workers and its underlying mechanisms. The results reveal that Internet use has a significant positive impact on improving the employment quality of workers. As the quantile of employment quality increases, internet use has a greater impact on workers with a lower employment quality quantile. In addition, the use of Internet has a more significant promoting effect on the employment quality of rural and female workers. From the perspective of mechanism, Internet use can increase workers' social capital and influence their employment quality through the accumulation of social capital. Based on this, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects of increasing investment and construction of Internet infrastructure, further perfecting the reform of household registration system, promoting human capital investment and social capital construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in Chinese older adults: an eight-year multi-trajectory analysis.
- Author
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Yuan, Yiyang, Peng, Changmin, Burr, Jeffrey A., and Lapane, Kate L.
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COGNITION disorders ,OLDER people ,CENTER for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ,MENTAL depression ,FRAILTY - Abstract
Background: Frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms are closely interrelated conditions in the aging population. However, limited research has longitudinally analyzed the concurrent trajectories of these three prominent conditions in older adults in China. This study aimed to explore the eight-year trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms, and to identify individual-level and structural-level factors associated with the trajectories. Methods: Four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018) were used to identify 6,106 eligible older adults. The main measures included frailty by the frailty index constructed using 30 indicators, cognitive impairment by the summary score of immediate and delayed word recall, figure drawing, serial subtraction, and orientation, and depressive symptoms by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multi-trajectory models identified the trajectories of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms over time. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to estimate the associations between individual-level capital factors and one structural factor (hukou and geographic residency) with the identified trajectories, adjusting for demographic characteristics. Results: Four trajectories emerged: (1) worsening frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, depression (14.0%); (2) declining pre-frailty, declining cognition, borderline depression (20.0%); (3) pre-frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, no depression (29.3%); and (4) physically robust, declining cognition, no depression (36.7%). Using the "physically robust, declining cognition, no depression" as the reference, not working, no social activity participant, worse childhood family financial situation, and poorer adult health were most strongly associated with the "worsening frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, depression" trajectory; worse health during childhood had the highest association with the "declining pre-frailty, declining cognition, borderline depression" trajectory; less education, lower household consumption, and rural hukou had the greatest association with the increased likelihood of the "pre-frailty, worsening cognitive impairment, no depression" trajectory. Conclusions: Findings could inform the understanding of the interrelationship of frailty, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms in older adults in China and may help practitioners detect adults at risk for adverse trajectories to implement strategies for proper care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Like parents, like children? Intergenerational poverty transmission in China.
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Yang, Fan, Paudel, Krishna P., and Jiang, Yao
- Subjects
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MOTHERS , *WORKING mothers , *PARENTS , *QUANTILE regression , *POVERTY , *HUMAN capital - Abstract
The intergenerational transmission of poverty has always been an important issue around the world. This study examines the effects of father's and mother's human and social capital on the income of their children in China by using the data obtained from the 2014 China Labor-force Dynamics Survey. The results show that (1) the effects of the human and social capital of the father and mother on the child's income are heterogeneous. Specifically, the father's education, father work industry and mother work industry have little effect on their child's income. However, the mother's education has a positive and significant effect on a child's income. (2) The effect of the mother's education on child's income is significant but limited, on average, the marginal contribution of the mother's education on the natural logarithm of the child's income is only 1.0%. (3) The child's human capital, including health, education, foreign language ability, and professional ability, significantly affects their income. (4) The results obtained from quantile regression and sub-sample regression support the above findings. Therefore, the effective means of intervening against the intergenerational transmission of poverty should be to help the individual improve their human capital, rather than starting with their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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15. Tourism entrepreneurship in rural destinations: measuring the effects of capital configurations using the fsQCA approach.
- Author
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Guo, Yongrui, Zhu, Lin, and Zhao, Yuzong
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RURAL tourism ,TOURIST attractions ,BUSINESSPEOPLE ,VENTURE capital ,HUMAN capital ,CAPITAL ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP - Abstract
Copyright of Tourism Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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16. Health, Education, and Economic Well-Being in China: How Do Human Capital and Social Interaction Influence Economic Returns.
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Ali, Tajwar and Khan, Salim
- Subjects
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HUMAN capital , *SOCIAL influence , *SOCIAL interaction , *SOCIAL capital , *HEALTH & economic status - Abstract
In developing countries, it is generally believed that a good health status and education (human capital) bring economic well-being and benefits. Some researchers have found that there are overall financial returns and income premiums correlated with human capital because of its excellent and higher ability. Due to different views and a lack of consensus, the role of human capital is still ambiguous and poorly understood. This study investigates the economic returns of health status, education level, and social interaction, that is, whether and how human capital and social interaction affect employment and income premiums. Using the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) for specification bias, we used the instrumental variable (IV) approach to specify the endogeneity and interaction effect in order to identify the impact and economic returns of human capital and social interaction on the values of other control and observed variables. However, we show that an individual with strong and higher human capital positively affects economic returns, but the variability of these estimates differs across estimators. Being more socially interactive is regarded as a type of social interaction but as not human capital in the labor market; thus, the empirical findings of this study reflect social stability and that the economic well-being of socially active individuals is an advantaged situation. Furthermore, men with substantial human capital and social interaction are in a more advantaged position compared to women with similar abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL AND SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION OF THE RURAL LABORERS' MOBILITY ON RURAL STRATEGY REVITALIZATION IN CHINA.
- Author
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Weili Xiang, Kunlin Zhu, Sheng-Xian Teo, Brian, and Talib, Siti Zunirah Mohd
- Subjects
UNSKILLED labor ,HUMAN capital ,RURAL development ,SOCIAL capital ,LABOR supply ,RURAL schools ,EDUCATION of farmers ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) - Abstract
This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between human capital and rural laborers' willingness to return to their hometowns based on the moderating effect of identity in China. The results show that the level of human capital significantly affects the willingness of the mobile population to return to their hometowns, but this effect is reversed, i.e., the increase in the level of human capital reduces the willingness of rural laborers to return to their hometowns. The urban identity of rural laborers after flowing into cities has a significant positive moderating effect on their willingness to return to their hometowns. Improving the carrying capacity of economic development in rural areas, further strengthening infrastructure construction in rural areas to provide the material basis for rural revitalization and labor force return, and at the same time strengthening the education and training of farmers to enhance their main status is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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18. The Broken Promise of Human Capital Theory: Social Embeddedness, Graduate Entrepreneurs and Youth Employment in China.
- Author
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Kang, Yuyang and Mok, Ka Ho
- Subjects
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HUMAN capital , *EMBEDDEDNESS (Socioeconomic theory) , *BUSINESSPEOPLE , *YOUTH employment - Abstract
Human capital theory has been one of the most influential theories in national policymaking since the 1980s. The major assertion is that individuals can attain better employment outcomes through investing in degrees and credentials. Following the economic reforms of the late 1970s, Chinese families have reverted to the tradition of investing in the education of their children, hoping that the human capital accumulated through higher education will translate into economic capital, enhancing their children's upward social mobility. However, the rapid expansion of Chinese higher education since 1999 has caused an educational inflation, adversely affecting graduate employment. This article critically examines China's response to global capitalism through bureaucratic adjustment of higher education expansion in managing the market transition and social reproduction of labour challenges within a relatively short historic period of 'compressed development'. Without effective articulation between higher education expansion and the changing labour needs during the market transition, the rush to higher education expansion has created different forms of social and economic contradictions. More specifically, this article argues that social embeddedness including parental influence, institutional policies, and social capital are important factors to be considered in explaining the relationship between education and work in the Chinese context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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19. How to develop ASOs of China? Answers from the academic entrepreneurs.
- Author
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Li, Xingteng, Zhu, Cong, and Feng, Feng
- Subjects
- *
BUSINESSPEOPLE , *HUMAN capital , *MONADS (Mathematics) , *INSTITUTIONAL environment , *STATISTICAL services - Abstract
Purpose: Why do academic spin-offs (ASOs) have different growth performance? What makes ASOs grow better? Based on the perspective of academic entrepreneurs, this study systematically studies the influence mechanism of the growth of Chinese ASOs and establishes an analytical framework for the influence of academic entrepreneurs on the growth of ASOs. Design/methodology/approach: This study takes ASOs of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a sample. On the basis of literature analysis, the questionnaire is designed to collect the measurement items of variables and amended after interviewing the well-known scholars and experienced enterprise managers. The entrepreneur capital theory and the triple helix (TH) model are used to formulate the research model. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between academic entrepreneurs' social capital, human capital and enterprise growth. Data processing, reliability and validity analysis, hypothesis testing and so on are all carried out by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS), which is a common method of first-hand data processing. Findings: According to findings, capital of academic entrepreneurs exerted a positive impact on ASOs growth. First of all, ASOs growth is positively affected by external connections and human capital of academic entrepreneurs. Second, the institutional environment and location environment play a regulation role. However, regulation role of the industrial environment is not proved. Third, the research has shown academic entrepreneurs' capital and ASOs growth is regulated by both path guidance and resources support ways. Finally, according to further test, ASOs growth is positively affected by both business contacts and political contacts of academic entrepreneurs, and the role of political contacts is greater. Research limitations/implications: Inevitably, this research has limitations, to some extent, which need to be further improved and supplemented in future studies. First, samples are special. Due to the difficulty of data acquisition, this research only obtains data from ASOs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences system. Second, there should be diverse methods to measure the growth of ASOs. Originality/value: Based on composition-based view and triple helix model, this study constructs an analytical framework of the influence of academic entrepreneur capital on ASOs growth and verifies the influence and mechanism of academic entrepreneur social capital and human capital on enterprise growth. The conclusion of this study provides empirical support for the development of composition-based view and also proves the effectiveness of this theory in studying ASOs related issues in China. In addition, the research conclusion is also the practical application of triple helix model, which proves the effectiveness of triple helix model in analyzing the growth mechanism of ASOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. Does board capital increase firm performance in the Chinese tourism industry?
- Author
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Yousaf, Umair Bin, Ullah, Irfan, Wang, Man, Junyan, Li, and Rehman, Ajid Ur
- Subjects
TOURISM ,ORGANIZATIONAL performance ,INSTITUTIONAL investors ,HUMAN capital ,SOCIAL capital ,GOVERNMENT ownership ,ENTERPRISE value - Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between board capital and firm performance in the Chinese tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach: The study's sample includes firms from the Chinese hotel, air transportation/travel and catering industries. This study explores the governance environment in tourism industries. This study estimates three dimensions of the board, including education, expertise and directors interlock. These dimensions are further grouped as human capital (i.e. education and expertise), social capital (interlocks) and board capital (sum of social and human capital). Ordinary least square regressions with multiple robustness tests are used to investigate the effect of board capital on firm value in Chinese listed tourism firms during 2005–2018. Findings: This study finds that board capital positively impacts firm performance in its dimensions of human and social capital. This study also highlights the two important ownership contexts, namely, institutional investors and state-ownership, that shape the board capital-firm performance association in the Chinese tourism industry. Practical implications: The findings suggest that board capital plays a significant role in corporate decisions. The results illustrate that higher board capital improves both governance mechanisms and resource provision roles of the board, resulting in higher firm value. The results further offer implications for managers and shareholders of tourism firms when electing directors as shareholders' representatives. Originality/value: The study has two important contributions. First, it extends the prior literature of firm value by considering the board's human and social dimensions in the tourism sector. Second, contrary to prior research on board, this study takes three facets of board capital, education, expertise and interlocks that improve governance mechanisms and bring new resources in the shape of skills, knowledge and expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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21. How Does Military Experience Affect Employment: Evidence From China.
- Author
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Li, Dongni
- Subjects
- *
WORK experience (Employment) , *SOCIAL capital , *HUMAN capital , *PUBLIC sector , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *VETERANS - Abstract
The impact of military experience on employment has long been a hot topic of academic discussion, and understanding how military experience affects employment is crucial to promoting the employment of veterans. Based on the 2010 to 2020 China Family Panel Studies data, the article investigates the effect of military experience on individual employment and its underlying mechanism, and overcomes the endogeneity via IV-Probit model. It is found that military experience significantly contributes to employment, specifically through improving the job opportunities in the public sector, increasing the likelihood of holding an administrative position, and enhancing one’s political capital, social capital, and human capital. The findings of this article provide insights into how to deal with the unemployment problem of ex-servicemen and help the relevant authorities to formulate targeted measures to safeguard the employment of veterans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Livelihood capitals and livelihood resilience: Understanding the linkages in China's government-led poverty alleviation resettlement.
- Author
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Ma, Li, Zhang, Yingnan, Li, Tao, Zhao, Shen, and Yi, Jing
- Subjects
- *
POVERTY reduction , *LAND settlement , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *APPROPRIATE technology , *HUMAN capital , *SOCIAL capital , *LED displays - Abstract
The Poverty Alleviation Resettlement (PAR) has been extensively adopted in China as a crucial approach towards achieving poverty eradication goals, resulting in notable successes. Nonetheless, this approach poses significant challenges to the relocated households in sustaining their livelihood in a sustainable manner. Uncovering the impact of different livelihood capitals on livelihood resilience and identifying strategies to enhance farmers' resilience are crucial challenges demanding immediate attention. Within the framework of sustainable livelihoods, this research investigates the relationship between livelihood capitals and resilience among rural households relocated for poverty alleviation in China. The analysis reveals that enhancing the social capital, physical capital, financial capital, and coping behavior of relocated farmers can bolster their livelihood resilience. Although human capital does not directly influence resilient livelihoods, it indirectly contributes through its mediating role in coping behaviors. This paper attempts to remedy the shortcomings of previous studies on the relationship between "livelihood capital and livelihood resilience" that disregarded the transmission of intermediate variables. The outcomes of this study bear significant practical and theoretical implications regarding the improvement of response strategies, the strengthening of farmers' livelihood resilience, and the expansion and refinement of the sustainable livelihood theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. How do livelihood capital affect farmers' energy-saving behaviors: Evidence from China.
- Author
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Li, Lin, Jin, Jianjun, Zhang, Chenyang, Qiu, Xin, and Liu, Dan
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *NATURAL capital , *HELPING behavior , *FARMERS , *SOCIAL capital - Abstract
A better understanding of farmers' energy-saving behaviors can help policy-makers to formulate effective energy policies to reduce energy consumption in rural areas. This study explores the impacts of livelihood capital on farmers' energy-saving behaviors in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. A total of 471 questionnaires were obtained from randomly sampled households. The results show that there are differences between the implementation of different types of energy-saving behaviors. Farmers' livelihood capital plays a significant role in implementing energy-saving behaviors. Specifically, natural capital and human capital have a significantly negative effect on the implementation of energy-saving behaviors. Physical capital and social capital are conducive to implement energy-saving behaviors. The effect of financial capital varies with different energy-saving behaviors. The findings of this study can contribute to the existing body of knowledge about determinants of farmers' energy-saving behaviors by confirming the role of livelihood capital. The empirical results provide a reference for stakeholders involved in strengthening rural residents' energy-saving behaviors in developing countries like China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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