600 results
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2. Proposing a Simple Method of Creating Tsunami Evacuation Simulations : Aiming to Empower Residents for Feasible Measures
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Nakahara, Kunihiro, Hatayama, Michinori, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Dugdale, Julie, editor, Gjøsæter, Terje, editor, and Uchida, Osamu, editor
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- 2024
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3. COVID-19 Sāvdhān: Harnessing the Telecom Infrastructure for COVID-19 Management
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Basu, Saurabh, Behera, Suvam Suvabrata, Sharma, Sandeep, Kumar, Anugandula Naveen, Jha, Sumit Kumar, Majumdar, Sabyasachi, Kushwaha, Niraj Kant, Yadav, Arun, Dalela, Pankaj Kumar, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Dillon, Tharam, Series Editor, Murayama, Yuko, Series Editor, Gulliksen, Jan, Series Editor, Whitehouse, Diane, Series Editor, Rauterberg, Matthias, Series Editor, Pras, Aiko, Editorial Board Member, Sakarovitch, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Furbach, Ulrich, Editorial Board Member, Gjøsæter, Terje, editor, and Radianti, Jaziar, editor
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- 2023
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4. Theme (concept) paper ‐ Evidence‐based risk communication in the EU Food Safety System.
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Heppner, Claudia, Gallani, Barbara, Sousa Lourenco, Joana, Paraskevopoulos, Konstantinos, Smith, Anthony, Vrbos, Domagoj, and Zamariola, Giorgia
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RISK communication , *FOOD safety - Published
- 2022
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5. Dealing with risk in stakeholder dialog: identification of risk indicators in a public service media organization's conversation and discourse with citizens
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Schwägerl, Christian, Stücheli-Herlach, Peter, Dreesen, Philipp, and Krasselt, Julia
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- 2024
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6. COVID-19 communication management in Europe: a comparative analysis of the effect of information-seeking in the public’s sense-making in Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom
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Moreno, Angeles, Fuentes Lara, Cristina, Tench, Ralph, and Romenti, Stefania
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- 2023
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7. Simple but logical: risk knowledge design and its impact on engagement in online knowledge communities
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Lu, Yiming, Li, Yi-Na, and Wei, Jiuchang
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- 2023
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8. Exposure to risk communication, compliance with preventive measures and information-sharing behavior among students during the COVID-19 pandemic
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Tung, Le Thanh and Thanh, Pham Tien
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- 2023
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9. Design and implementation of a relational model of risk communication
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Lejano, Raul P., Haque, Ahmadul, Kabir, Laila, Rahman, Muhammad Saidur, Pormon, Miah Maye, and Casas, Eulito
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- 2023
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10. Using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) to explore US consumers' dining behaviors during COVID-19
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Liu-Lastres, Bingjie and Wen, Han
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- 2023
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11. Toward dialogue through a holistic measuring framework – the impact of social media on risk communication in the COVID-19
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Zhu, Ruilin, Song, Yanqing, He, Shuang, Hu, Xuan, Hu, Wangsu, and Liu, Bingsheng
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- 2022
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12. Can risk communication in mass media improve compliance behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic? Evidence from Vietnam
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Thanh, Pham Tien and Tung, Le Thanh
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- 2022
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13. Bayesian evaluation of privacy-preserving risk communication for user android app preferences
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Momenzadeh, Behnood, Gopavaram, Shakthidhar, Das, Sanchari, and Camp, L. Jean
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- 2021
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14. Strategies of communicating health-related risks to vulnerable groups of immigrants during a pandemic: a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative evidence
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Koval, Olena, Engen, Ole Andreas, Kringen, Jacob, and Wiig, Siri
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- 2022
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15. No one left behind: risk communication to the street vendors during COVID-19 social distancing
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Thanh, Pham Tien, Nguyen, Hanh Thi Hong, Ngan, Le Thi Bao, Nguyen, Doan My Duyen, Phan, Gia Han, and Nguyen, Thi My Nhung
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- 2022
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16. Public understanding and scientific uncertainty: The communication of risk in the L'Aquila earthquake.
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Demichelis, Alessandro and Ongaro, Malvina
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SCIENTIFIC communication ,EARTHQUAKES ,RISK communication ,L'AQUILA Earthquake, Italy, 2009 ,EARTHQUAKE magnitude ,SOCIAL impact - Abstract
On April 6, 2009, a magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck L'Aquila, Italy, causing extensive damage and loss of life, and raising significant issues around the communication of scientific risk. In the preceding weeks, increased seismic activity had alarmed the population, prompting authorities to seek expert advice. Public authorities reassured the population that the chances of a dangerous shock were slim. These assurances given by officials led many to remain in their homes when the earthquake struck. The subsequent legal actions against the scientists involved ignited a global debate on the responsibilities and challenges in scientific communication. This paper explores the complexities of conveying probabilistic risk information to the public and decision-makers. It highlights how different formats for presenting probabilistic data can significantly influence understanding and decision-making. In particular, it canvasses how the use of natural frequencies to convey probabilistic information makes it cognitively easier to understand and manipulate them, given how they make more salient and transparent the so-called base rate. However, the benefits of using natural frequencies decrease when dealing with low-probability, high-consequence (LPHC) events like major earthquakes, where even significant increases in relative probability remain small in absolute terms. Moreover, the paper investigates the social dimensions of earth science, examining the multifaceted role of scientists as both technical experts and social actors. The L'Aquila case exemplifies the need for integrating scientific accuracy with an understanding of its social implications. Effective risk communication must address cognitive limitations and the presence of social context to reach appropriate public behavioral responses. In order to achieve that, communication should be handled by actors that have specific expertise in its complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Critical gaps and implications of risk communication in the global agreements—SFDRR, SDGs, and UNFCCC: 3 select case studies from urban areas of tropics in South Asia
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Shabana Khan and Jyoti Mishra
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Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Sustainability ,Urban tropics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Climate change ,South Asia ,SFDRR, SDGs, UNFCCC ,Disaster response ,Risk communication ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
There has been a consistent rise in urban disasters, particularly in developing countries located in tropical areas. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure or apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three selected urban case studies located in the tropical areas of the South Asia region that illustrate gaps in risk communication that result in enhanced vulnerability and deviations in response. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. Three critical gaps noted in risk communication include (i) it not prioritized at different levels, (ii) inadequate structures to measure its impacts and stakeholders inclusiveness, and (iii) indifference to cultural diversity and integration. Further, it is suggested that there is a need to redefine risk communication at the global scale that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities and variations in perceptions emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.
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- 2022
18. The Relationships Between Socioeconomic Status, COVID-19 Risk Perceptions, and the Adoption of Protective Measures in a Mid-Western City in the United States
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Reed-Thryselius, Sarah, Fuss, Lindsay, and Rausch, Darren
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Original Paper ,Health (social science) ,Risk perceptions ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Socioeconomic status (SES) ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Trust ,United States ,Risk communication ,Social Class ,Humans ,Coronavirus (COVID-19) ,Health Belief Model (HBM) ,Health Belief Model - Abstract
An individual's perception of risk plays an influential role in the behaviors they engage in, which could reduce or increase exposure or transmission of a certain disease. Since risk perceptions vary by social identities (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, age) they are believed to influence the interpretation and likelihood of following guidance from risk-communication efforts. This study aims to understand how COVID-19 risk perceptions vary by social identity (with an emphasis upon socioeconomic factors), how such identities influence behavior adoption through risk-communication pathways, and how findings can be practically applied in messaging. Previous studies have investigated the role of social factors on risk perceptions, but SES has not been modeled as the main factor. Guided by the Health Belief Model and Social Determinant of Health Frameworks, findings from our 326 participants suggest those with high-risk COVID-19 perceptions identified as higher income and held more advanced educational degrees, suggesting a positive relationship between risk perceptions and SES. Individuals with high-risk perceptions more frequently reported practicing protective behaviors against COVID-19 and reported greater severity, susceptibility, barriers, benefits, trust, confidence, and health literacy in adopting behavior changes against the virus. When applying such findings to create a local risk-communication plan (logic model), it was found that messaging should be culturally relevant, in-plain language, and consistent to improve health literacy. In addition to using the most trusted and frequently used communication sources self-identified by residents, we recommend uniting trusted formal and informal community leaders to provide information in diverse pathways and formats.
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- 2022
19. Train Distance Estimation for Virtual Coupling Based on Monocular Vision.
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Hao, Yang, Tang, Tao, and Gao, Chunhai
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OBJECT recognition (Computer vision) ,MONOCULAR vision ,BINOCULAR vision ,RISK communication ,SUBWAYS - Abstract
By precisely controlling the distance between two train sets, virtual coupling (VC) enables flexible coupling and decoupling in urban rail transit. However, relying on train-to-train communication for obtaining the train distance can pose a safety risk in case of communication malfunctions. In this paper, a distance-estimation framework based on monocular vision is proposed. First, key structure features of the target train are extracted by an object-detection neural network, whose strategies include an additional detection head in the feature pyramid, labeling of object neighbor areas, and semantic filtering, which are utilized to improve the detection performance for small objects. Then, an optimization process based on multiple key structure features is implemented to estimate the distance between the two train sets in VC. For the validation and evaluation of the proposed framework, experiments were implemented on Beijing Subway Line 11. The results show that for train sets with distances between 20 m and 100 m, the proposed framework can achieve a distance estimation with an absolute error that is lower than 1 m and a relative error that is lower than 1.5%, which can be a reliable backup for communication-based VC operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Digital News Blindspot: Radon Awareness in Portuguese Digital Media.
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Zocca, Ricardo
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CARCINOGENS ,RISK communication ,RADON ,DIGITAL media ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
This study addresses the underrepresentation of radon gas within the media discourse, particularly in Portugal. Employing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, this paper examines how major Portuguese digital newspapers have covered radon gas, aiming to deepen our understanding of this critical issue. The findings reveal a significant lack of coverage on radon gas over 24 years in the selected newspapers. Surprisingly, only a few articles were identified, failing to convey its importance effectively. Despite identifying some risk communication strategies, their impact was statistically insignificant, indicating a clear discrepancy in attention. This study emphasizes the urgent need for balanced reporting on public health risks like radon gas and offers insights into enhancing risk communication strategies. Ultimately, it contributes to advocating for more comprehensive coverage of critical public health issues in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Cómo escribir mensajes de alerta frente a inundaciones.
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Aznar-Crespo, Pablo, Aledo, Antonio, Ortiz, Guadalupe, and Tur-Vives, Josep
- Abstract
Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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22. The effectiveness of alcohol label information for increasing knowledge and awareness: a rapid evidence review.
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Edmunds, Charlotte E. R., Gold, Natalie, Burton, Robyn, Smolar, Maria, Walmsley, Matthew, Henn, Clive, Egan, Mark, Tran, Anh, Harper, Hugo, Dale, Max Kroner, Brown, Helen, Londakova, Kristina, Sheron, Nick, and Greaves, Felix
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ALCOHOL drinking ,ALCOHOL ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,LABEL design ,AWARENESS - Abstract
Background: Consumers have difficulty understanding alcoholic units and low risk drinking guidelines (LRDG). Labelling may improve comprehension. The aims of this rapid evidence review were to establish the effectiveness of on-bottle labelling for (i) improving comprehension of health risks; (ii) improving comprehension of unit and/or standard drink information and/or LRDG, and (iii) reducing self-reported intentions to drink/actual drinking. Methods: Electronic database searches were carried out (January 2008-November 2018 inclusive). Papers were included if they were: published in English; from an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development country; an experimental/quasi-experimental design. Papers were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment tool. Ten papers were included. Most studies were moderate quality (n = 7). Results: Five themes emerged: comprehension of health risks; self-reported drinking intentions; comprehension of unit/standard drink information and/or LRDG; outcome expectancies; and label attention. Labelling can improve awareness, particularly of health harms, but is unlikely to change behaviour. Improved comprehension was greatest for labels with unit information and LRDG. Conclusions: Alcohol labelling can be effective in improving people's comprehension of the health risks involved in drinking alcohol enabling them to make informed consumption decisions, and perhaps thereby provide a route to changing behaviour. Thus, effective alcohol labelling is an intervention that can be added to the broader suite of policy options. That being said, the literature reviewed here suggests that the specific format of the label matters, so careful consideration must be given to the design and placement of labels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Trading operations: Intelligent automation and the T+1 mandate.
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Ryan, Laura, Almeida, John, and Paris, Alan
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FINANCIAL services industry ,CUSTOMER experience ,AUTOMATION ,WEALTH management services ,RISK communication - Abstract
As the financial services industry is finalising the adoption and implementation of the shortened settlement cycle on 28th May, 2024, and its implications to procedures, technology and behaviour, this paper lays out the benefits, challenges and best practices to ensure a smooth transition and implementation to all participants. The implications of these changes are enormous and open companies up to a variety of risks. This paper informs best practices to ensure a seamless integration, including operational, risk and communications. In addition, the paper focuses on practical steps to automating processes, centralising data and utilising technology to create a more efficient future. It points out that by utilising technology as a mechanism for continuous improvement, not only will companies be able to meet implementation requirements of this T+1 mandate but also create a mechanism to continue to meet regulatory changes. By utilising technology to create an environment of continuous improvement, powered by work orchestration, a fundamental shift in workforce behaviour can begin. In doing so, companies can ensure that they meet the operational requirements of this mandate, leading to efficiencies throughout their organisation and an improved employee and client experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Corporate News Disclosure and Competitive Advantage: What Factors Influence S&P 500 Companies' Competitive Advantage During 2022 Economic Crisis?
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Petković, Miloš
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STANDARD & Poor's 500 Index ,FINANCIAL crises ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business ,DISCLOSURE ,ENVIRONMENTAL reporting ,RISK communication ,FINANCIAL markets ,FINANCIAL performance - Abstract
This paper aims to explore corporate news related to the topic of the competitive advantage of S&P 500 companies in the period of the economic crisis in 2022. The observed companies are the biggest US companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). The computerized qualitative analyses were done on 200 corporate news from January 2022 until November 2022, with 13,361 pages and 5,294,836 words. The research results prove that the US biggest companies disclosure intensively in public about their competitive advantage with 90.29% including text samples from initial corpus text. The companies disclosure about 4 main topics (factors) during this year's crisis: (1) profitability; (2) financial market performance; (3) products and services; (4) top management leadership. The research article contributes to the current literature on competitive advantage narratives, how the biggest companies tend to achieve competitive advantage during the economic crisis and address messages to their stakeholders. These messages could be of the highest importance mostly because of existing uncertainties and high levels of risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Mobile Text Messaging for Tobacco Risk Communication Among Young Adult Community College Students: Randomized Trial of Project Debunk
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Georges Elias Khalil, Minxing Chen, Gabrielle C Botello, Ashish Arya, Damon J. Vidrine, Cheryl L. Perry, Sophia Russell, Ying Yuan, Adriana Pérez, Karen S. Calabro, Alexander V. Prokhorov, and Katarzyna W Czerniak
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Gerontology ,young adults ,Short Message Service ,message framing ,Health Informatics ,tobacco use ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,Randomized controlled trial ,risk communication ,law ,Tobacco ,Risk communication ,vaping ,Humans ,Social media ,Young adult ,Association (psychology) ,Students ,Original Paper ,mobile phone ,Text Messaging ,Communication ,Tobacco Products ,Framing (social sciences) ,Mobile phone ,regulatory science ,Psychology - Abstract
Background The use of new and emerging tobacco products (NETPs) and conventional tobacco products (CTPs) has been linked to several alarming medical conditions among young adults (YAs). Considering that 96% of YAs own mobile phones, SMS text messaging may be an effective strategy for tobacco risk communication. Objective Project Debunk is a community-based randomized trial aiming to identify specific types of messages that effectively improve perceived NETP and CTP risk among YAs in community colleges. Methods With YAs recruited offline from 3 campuses at the Houston Community College (September 2016 to July 2017), we conducted a 6-month randomized trial with 8 arms based on the combination of 3 message categories: framing (gain-framed vs loss-framed), depth (simple vs complex), and appeal (emotional vs rational). Participants received fully automated web-based SMS text messages in two 30-day campaigns (2 messages per day). We conducted repeated-measures mixed-effect models stratified by message type received, predicting perceived CTP and NETP risks. Owing to multiple testing with 7 models, an association was deemed significant for P Results A total of 636 participants completed the baseline survey, were randomized to 1 of 8 conditions (between 73 and 86 participants per condition), and received messages from both campaigns. By the 2-month post campaign 2 assessment point, 70.1% (446/636) completed all outcome measures. By the end of both campaigns, participants had a significant increase in perceived NETP risk over time (P Conclusions In this trial, YAs had an increase in perceived NETP risk. However, with stratification, we observed a significant increase in perceived NETP risk upon exposure to rational, emotional, simple, and gain-framed messages. In addition, YAs generally had an increase in perceived CTP risk and presented nonsignificant but observable improvement upon exposure to emotional, complex, and loss-framed messages. With the results of this study, researchers and practitioners implementing mobile health programs may take advantage of our tailored messages through larger technology-based programs such as smartphone apps and social media campaigns. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03457480; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03457480 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/10977
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- 2021
26. Exploring cancer survivor needs and preferences for communicating personalized cancer statistics from registry data: Qualitative multimethod study
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Gijs Geleijnse, Steffen Pauws, Emiel Krahmer, Mies van Eenbergen, Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse, Ruben Vromans, Language, Communication and Cognition, and Medical and Clinical Psychology
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Cancer Research ,Sample (statistics) ,Cancer statistics ,Focus group ,Risk communication ,Breast cancer ,medicine ,participatory cancer care ,cancer registry ,Think aloud protocol ,personalization ,Cancer ,Original Paper ,Cancer survivor ,Medical education ,think-aloud ,public health informatics ,Prostate Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Cancer registry ,Public health informatics ,Oncology ,Qualitative study ,Psychology ,patient needs and preferences ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background Disclosure of cancer statistics (eg, survival or incidence rates) based on a representative group of patients can help increase cancer survivors’ understanding of their own diagnostic and prognostic situation, and care planning. More recently, there has been an increasing interest in the use of cancer registry data for disclosing and communicating personalized cancer statistics (tailored toward personal and clinical characteristics) to cancer survivors and relatives. Objective The aim of this study was to explore breast cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) survivor needs and preferences for disclosing (what) and presenting (how) personalized statistics from a large Dutch population-based data set, the Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). Methods To elicit survivor needs and preferences for communicating personalized NCR statistics, we created different (non)interactive tools visualizing hypothetical scenarios and adopted a qualitative multimethod study design. We first conducted 2 focus groups (study 1; n=13) for collecting group data on BCa and PCa survivor needs and preferences, using noninteractive sketches of what a tool for communicating personalized statistics might look like. Based on these insights, we designed a revised interactive tool, which was used to further explore the needs and preferences of another group of cancer survivors during individual think-aloud observations and semistructured interviews (study 2; n=11). All sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, analyzed using thematic (focus groups) and content analysis (think-aloud observations), and reported in compliance with qualitative research reporting criteria. Results In both studies, cancer survivors expressed the need to receive personalized statistics from a representative source, with especially a need for survival and conditional survival rates (ie, survival rate for those who have already survived for a certain period). Personalized statistics adjusted toward personal and clinical factors were deemed more relevant and useful to know than generic or average-based statistics. Participants also needed support for correctly interpreting the personalized statistics and putting them into perspective, for instance by adding contextual or comparative information. Furthermore, while thinking aloud, participants experienced a mix of positive (sense of hope) and negative emotions (feelings of distress) while viewing the personalized survival data. Overall, participants preferred simplicity and conciseness, and the ability to tailor the type of visualization and amount of (detailed) statistical information. Conclusions The majority of our sample of cancer survivors wanted to receive personalized statistics from the NCR. Given the variation in patient needs and preferences for presenting personalized statistics, designers of similar information tools may consider potential tailoring strategies on multiple levels, as well as effective ways for providing supporting information to make sure that the personalized statistics are properly understood. This is encouraging for cancer registries to address this unmet need, but also for those who are developing or implementing personalized data-driven information tools for patients and relatives.
- Published
- 2021
27. Analyzing the effectiveness of the interagency coordination on environmental risk communication to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.
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Campbell, Thomas, Ahmed, Saleh, and Winkler, Brittany
- Subjects
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INTERAGENCY coordination , *ENVIRONMENTAL risk , *ROHINGYA (Burmese people) , *RISK communication , *EMERGENCY management - Abstract
Refugees often face structural inequities, a disproportionate share of environmental challenges, and receive inadequate risk information. In most cases, the host country, United Nations, and other humanitarian organizations provide critical weather and climate information and disaster risk management support. This is equally true for the Rohingya refugee in Bangladesh, who fled their home country Myanmar as a response to political violence. To provide critical humanitarian services to the Rohingya population, the in‐country United Nations agencies formed the Inter‐Sector Coordination Group (ISCG). This paper investigates the effectiveness of the ISCG's strategies for communicating monsoon risks in the Rohingya context. Particularly, it measures ISCG communication effectiveness by both the increased formalization of ISCG communication and the number of Rohingya refugees affected during the monsoon seasons in the years 2021–2022. The paper highlights the importance of the ISCG's existence in this humanitarian context as an effective coordinating institution. The ISCG provides impoartant environmental risk information to partner organizations that benefit the Rohingya's overall physical well‐being. Even though the geographical focus of this paper is on the Rohingya populations in Cox's Bazar, the discussions and findings have important policy implications in other parts of the world facing similar social, environmental, political, and humanitarian challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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28. Development of a roadmap for action on Evidence‐based risk communication in the EU Food Safety System.
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Rodés‐Sánchez, M., Pozzi, F., Sunyer‐Vidal, J., Puppo, F., Griepink, M., Santuccio, F., Stillitano, P., Folkvord, F., and Lupianez‐Villanueva, F.
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RISK communication ,STAKEHOLDERS - Abstract
In March 2021, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published the report 'Technical assistance in the field of risk communication', outlining four key areas for advancing scientific evidence to cover knowledge gaps in food safety related risk communication research. The four areas covered included: (1) false information related to food safety (2) effectiveness of transparency initiatives (3) insights into consumer trade‐offs related to risks and benefits (4) linking factors behind perception and behaviour. The successive EFSA theme paper on 'Evidence‐based risk communication in the EU food system' clarified the scope and objectives within each research area. Building on the findings in these two publications, an action Roadmap was developed which delves deeper into these areas and identifies key challenges and knowledge gaps through rigorous desk research, literature reviews, and interviews with key stakeholders. The produced roadmap outlines eight project proposals each addressing specific needs and covers all the four areas. By implementing the proposals outlined and described throughout the report, EFSA will be able to further improve risk communication including cooperation and engagement with its stakeholders in the EU food safety ecosystem. Each proposal details suggested activities to be performed, expected impact, potential challenges, collaboration and cooperation opportunities and is supported by SWOT and PESTLE analyses. Finally, a prioritisation strategy is presented for the implementation of the proposals within and across the four research areas in the short and medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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29. Narrative and Framing of a Pandemic: Public Health Communication in the Vietnamese Public Sphere.
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Le, Mirjam and Nicolaisen, Franziska Susana
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PUBLIC health communication ,COVID-19 pandemic ,PUBLIC sphere - Abstract
This paper explores the Vietnamese government's approach toward public health risk communication in the context of citizen mobilization during the Covid-19 pandemic. We analyze the government's communication strategy using images and videos published during the pandemic, such as artwork, leaflets, campaigns, music videos, and public announcements in public spaces. The government's visual risk communication strategy is embedded in an idealized vision of cooperative citizenship. The focus is on the moral obligation of citizens toward the Vietnamese nation and the morality of caring, in which the state communicates behavior it deems morally correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. A Public Health Research Agenda for Managing Infodemics:Methods and Results of the First WHO Infodemiology Conference
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Arash Rashidian, Naveen Thacker, D. Dylan Johnson Restrepo, Supriya Bezbaruah, Anatoliy Gruzd, Claire Wardle, Dolores Albarracín, Tim Nguyen, Kacper Gradon, Naglaa Ahmed, Lei Zhou, Christine Czerniak, Masato Kajimoto, Shibani Kulkarni, Judit Bayer, Santi Indra Astuti, Claudia Pagliari, Camille Francois, Abdelhalim AbdAllah, Neville Calleja, Pier Luigi Sacco, Tina D Purnat, Emily Rempel, Palak Patel, Avichal Mahajan, Saad Uakkas, Arina Anis Azlan, Brian Yau, Andrea Würz, Sara Rubinelli, Anja Bechmann, Emily K. Vraga, Lynette Phuong, Atsuyoshi Ishizumi, Patricia Ndumbi Ngamala, Kai Shu, Herman Wasserman, Manlio De Domenico, Cherstyn Hurley, Ian Brooks, Neil F. Johnson, Mark Nunn, Saad B. Omer, Dimitri Prybylski, Rosamund F. Lewis, Rustam Haydarov, Melanie Smith, Ruben Arcos, Neetu Abad, Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Harry Sufehmi, Lucie M Bucci, Wesley R. Moy, Robert F Terry, Tom Trewinnard, Laura Espinosa, Anton Schneider, Melanie Messer, Jaya Lamichhane, Adam G. Dunn, Elisabeth Wilhelm, Julienne N Anoko, Erin McAweeney, Ahmed Mandil, Shannon Turner, Stefano Burzo, Elena Altieri, Sylvie Briand, Aybüke Koyuncu, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Beste Sultan Gülgün, and Heidi J. S. Tworek
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medicine.medical_specialty ,knowledge translation ,infodemic management ,research agenda ,Psychological intervention ,infodemiology ,Infodemiology ,infodemic ,risk communication ,community resilience ,information-seeking behavior ,Knowledge translation ,Information ethics ,Information seeking behavior ,Political science ,medicine ,information literacy ,misinformation ,Community resilience ,Original Paper ,attitudes ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,message amplification ,access to information ,communications media ,evidence synthesis ,COVID-19 ,Public relations ,Digital health ,Coronavirus ,disinformation ,research policy ,beliefs ,internet ,business - Abstract
Background An infodemic is an overflow of information of varying quality that surges across digital and physical environments during an acute public health event. It leads to confusion, risk-taking, and behaviors that can harm health and lead to erosion of trust in health authorities and public health responses. Owing to the global scale and high stakes of the health emergency, responding to the infodemic related to the pandemic is particularly urgent. Building on diverse research disciplines and expanding the discipline of infodemiology, more evidence-based interventions are needed to design infodemic management interventions and tools and implement them by health emergency responders. Objective The World Health Organization organized the first global infodemiology conference, entirely online, during June and July 2020, with a follow-up process from August to October 2020, to review current multidisciplinary evidence, interventions, and practices that can be applied to the COVID-19 infodemic response. This resulted in the creation of a public health research agenda for managing infodemics. Methods As part of the conference, a structured expert judgment synthesis method was used to formulate a public health research agenda. A total of 110 participants represented diverse scientific disciplines from over 35 countries and global public health implementing partners. The conference used a laddered discussion sprint methodology by rotating participant teams, and a managed follow-up process was used to assemble a research agenda based on the discussion and structured expert feedback. This resulted in a five-workstream frame of the research agenda for infodemic management and 166 suggested research questions. The participants then ranked the questions for feasibility and expected public health impact. The expert consensus was summarized in a public health research agenda that included a list of priority research questions. Results The public health research agenda for infodemic management has five workstreams: (1) measuring and continuously monitoring the impact of infodemics during health emergencies; (2) detecting signals and understanding the spread and risk of infodemics; (3) responding and deploying interventions that mitigate and protect against infodemics and their harmful effects; (4) evaluating infodemic interventions and strengthening the resilience of individuals and communities to infodemics; and (5) promoting the development, adaptation, and application of interventions and toolkits for infodemic management. Each workstream identifies research questions and highlights 49 high priority research questions. Conclusions Public health authorities need to develop, validate, implement, and adapt tools and interventions for managing infodemics in acute public health events in ways that are appropriate for their countries and contexts. Infodemiology provides a scientific foundation to make this possible. This research agenda proposes a structured framework for targeted investment for the scientific community, policy makers, implementing organizations, and other stakeholders to consider.
- Published
- 2021
31. Perceiving and managing Brexit risk in UK manufacturing: evidence from the midlands.
- Author
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Bailey, David, de Ruyter, Alex, MacRae, Claire, McNeill, Jon, and Roberts, Julie
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MANUFACTURING industries ,BREXIT Referendum, 2016 - Abstract
This paper assesses the risk implications of Brexit for UK-based, manufacturers, drawing on data generated from semi-structured interviews with senior managers and directors in the advanced manufacturing sector of the West Midlands region of the UK in 2021. The UK's departure from the EU has led to increased socio-economic risk for manufacturing businesses, requiring careful management by the latter. This paper draws on elements of the Kasperson et al. [1988. The social amplification of risk: A conceptual framework. Risk Analysis, 8(2), 177–187] Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) to explore the communication of risk and uncertainty to businesses, during and post-Brexit discussions. This paper then examines the extent to which risk arises from changes to supply chains and production regimes and in turn examines consequences for the management of risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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32. The mixture assessment or allocation factor: conceptual background, estimation algorithms and a case study example.
- Author
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Backhaus, Thomas
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GAUSSIAN mixture models ,ALGORITHMS ,MIXTURES ,RISK communication ,RISK assessment - Abstract
Current approaches for the prospective regulatory assessment of chemicals do not account sufficiently for elevated mixture risks. The Mixture Assessment Factor (MAF, better labeled a Mixture Allocation Factor) has been suggested for mixtures of industrial chemicals in the EU's Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability, as a pragmatic tool to account for potential mixture risks already during the risk and safety assessment of individual chemicals. The MAF is to be applied in scenarios in which specific mixture risk assessments are not possible, due to a lack of data and/or the complexity of the relevant exposure scenarios. Several approaches and algorithms for calculating a MAF have been suggested in the literature. The MAF
exact , which is a member of the larger MAFceiling class, is defined as the maximum fraction of the risk quotient of each chemical that is still acceptable to occur in a mixture, without the sum of risk quotients exceeding 1. This paper provides a comparative overview of the different MAF types discussed in the literature. It argues that the MAFexact is the most promising approach in the context of chemical registration and authorization under regulatory frameworks such as REACH because this approach ensures a protection level that is similar to the protection level used in the current safety assessment of individual chemicals under REACH. Other MAF approaches either disproportionally impact low-risk substances, without leading to any appreciable risk reduction, or hamper risk communication because they lead to fluctuating residual risks after the MAF application. The paper also presents a case study comparing the different MAF approaches and finally discusses the MAF concept in the wider context of chemical regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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33. Operational dilemmas in safety-critical industries: The tension between organizational reputational concerns and the effective communication of risk.
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Ambituuni, Ambisisi, Ejiogu, Chibuzo, Ejiogu, Amanze, and Omar, Maktoba
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RISK communication ,DISCLOSURE ,INFORMATION theory ,DILEMMA ,DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
Organizations involved in safety-critical operations often deal with operational tensions, especially when involved in safety-critical incidents that is likely to violate safety. In this paper, we set out to understand how the disclosures of safety-critical incidents take place in the face of reputational tension. Based on the case of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), we draw on image repair theory and information manipulation theory and adopt discourse analysis as a method of analyzing safety-critical incident press releases and reports from the NNPC. We found NNPC deploying image repair as part of incident disclosures to deflect attention, evade blame and avoid issuing apologies. This is supported by the violation of the conversational maxims. The paper provides a theoretical model for discursively assessing the practices of incident information disclosure by an organization in the face of reputational tension, and further assesses the risk communication implications of such practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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34. Media coverage of COVID-19 vaccines: sources of information, and verification practices of journalists in Ghana.
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Gadzekpo, Audrey, Tietaah, Gilbert Kuuim Muobom, Yeboah-Banin, Abena Animwaa, and Kwame Ampofo Adjei, Daniel
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MEDICAL protocols ,IMMUNIZATION ,CROSS-sectional method ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,HEALTH ,COVID-19 vaccines ,INFORMATION resources ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MISINFORMATION ,HEALTH promotion ,COVID-19 pandemic ,INFORMATION-seeking behavior ,MEDIA exposure ,INFORMATION resources management - Abstract
Research on vaccines confirms the crucial role media play in framing discourses and mobilizing public support for successful immunization campaigns. What journalists cover on vaccination issues and their diligence in producing stories can influence attitudes to and uptake of vaccines. This paper contributes to emerging discussions on the role of the media in pandemics and in vaccination programs by interrogating the information seeking and verification practices of journalists reporting on COVID-19 vaccines in Ghana. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among journalists from June to July 2021 through self-administered questionnaires by means of Google forms. The opinions of 300 respondents, randomly drawn from members of the Ghana Journalists' Association, were solicited and a response rate of 73% obtained. Majority of journalists surveyed relied on official health sources for their information on COVID-19 vaccines (61.5%) and were confident the benefits of vaccines outweigh the risks (70%). While journalists relied on a variety of expert sources, social media platforms served as important sources of information also, with respondents stating a preference for Facebook (48.3%), and WhatsApp (44%). Journalists stated they were guided by sound practices such as source credibility and relevance, but betrayed weaknesses in their verification practices with a third of them admitting to sharing unsolicited information from social media. Journalists in Ghana generally display a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccines and regularly search for information from official sources to inform their work, thus making them vital allies in overcoming vaccine hesitancy. Laxity in verification practices, however, makes them inadvertent agents of misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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35. Open Science Initiatives by Sakurajima Volcano Observatory.
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Sakamoto, Mayumi and Nakamichi, Haruhisa
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VOLCANIC eruptions ,OPEN scholarship ,VOLCANOES ,OBSERVATORIES ,RISK communication ,CITIZENS - Abstract
The sudden eruption and tragedy of Mt. Ontake in 2014, a volcano located in central Japan, showed the fact that the volcanic eruption is the event with uncertainty, and it is important to let citizen to be aware of such uncertainty. To find measures to raise citizen's disaster awareness, this study focuses on the risk communication between citizens and volcano observatories, which are attached to universities. It examines the role of observatories, focusing on the activities of the Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, which monitors Mt. Sakurajima, one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, and suggests the necessity of human resource development that is able to connect citizen and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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36. Risk Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine with a Multilayer Concept of System Order.
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Moghadasi, Negin, Valdez, Rupa S., Piran, Misagh, Moghaddasi, Negar, Linkov, Igor, Polmateer, Thomas L., Loose, Davis C., and Lambert, James H.
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ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,RISK assessment ,DECISION making ,PATIENT care ,SYSTEMS engineering ,DRUG delivery systems - Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing across technology domains including healthcare, commerce, the economy, the environment, cybersecurity, transportation, etc. AI will transform healthcare systems, bringing profound changes to diagnosis, treatment, patient care, data, medicines, devices, etc. However, AI in healthcare introduces entirely new categories of risk for assessment, management, and communication. For this topic, the framing of conventional risk and decision analyses is ongoing. This paper introduces a method to quantify risk as the disruption of the order of AI initiatives in healthcare systems, aiming to find the scenarios that are most and least disruptive to system order. This novel approach addresses scenarios that bring about a re-ordering of initiatives in each of the following three characteristic layers: purpose, structure, and function. In each layer, the following model elements are identified: 1. Typical research and development initiatives in healthcare. 2. The ordering criteria of the initiatives. 3. Emergent conditions and scenarios that could influence the ordering of the AI initiatives. This approach is a manifold accounting of the scenarios that could contribute to the risk associated with AI in healthcare. Recognizing the context-specific nature of risks and highlighting the role of human in the loop, this study identifies scenario s.06—non-interpretable AI and lack of human–AI communications—as the most disruptive across all three layers of healthcare systems. This finding suggests that AI transparency solutions primarily target domain experts, a reasonable inclination given the significance of "high-stakes" AI systems, particularly in healthcare. Future work should connect this approach with decision analysis and quantifying the value of information. Future work will explore the disruptions of system order in additional layers of the healthcare system, including the environment, boundary, interconnections, workforce, facilities, supply chains, and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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37. Mentoring in developing, engaging with, and sustaining research teams that aligns with health and risk communication principles: apples and oranges or apples and apples?
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Friedman, Daniela B., Donelle, Lorie, Levkoff, Sue E., Neils-Strunjas, Jean, Porter, Dwayne E., Tanner, Andrea, and Hebert, James R.
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MENTORING in education ,RISK communication ,MEDICAL communication ,CONTINUING education ,TEACHER development - Abstract
We are an interdisciplinary group of colleagues dedicated to partner engagement and team science. This influences our academic work, informs our research mentorship and capacity-building initiatives with junior scholars, conditions how we communicate with individuals outside of our disciplines, and makes lifelong learning a priority for ourselves and our trainees. Using the analogy of a seven-layer cake, this paper describes our capacity-building approach to develop, engage, and sustain research teams in a manner that aligns with health and risk communication principles. While preparing for a pandemic and engaging in team-based academic research may seem like apples and oranges, they both require the same key component throughout the process that we must encourage in our mentorship practices – effective communication. We provide concrete examples from our experiences on research teams that span decades and institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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38. A scoping review of wildfire smoke risk communications: issues, gaps, and recommendations.
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Vien, Morgan H., Ivey, Susan L., Boyden, Hollynd, Holm, Stephanie, and Neuhauser, Linda
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RISK communication ,WILDFIRE risk ,HEALTH literacy ,POLLUTANTS ,PUBLIC health - Abstract
Background: Wildfire smoke exposure has become a growing public health concern, as megafires and fires at the wildland urban interface increase in incidence and severity. Smoke contains many pollutants that negatively impact health and is linked to a number of health complications and chronic diseases. Communicating effectively with the public, especially at-risk populations, to reduce their exposure to this environmental pollutant has become a public health priority. Although wildfire smoke risk communication research has also increased in the past decade, best practice guidance is limited, and most health communications do not adhere to health literacy principles: readability, accessibility, and actionability. This scoping review identifies peer-reviewed studies about wildfire smoke risk communications to identify gaps in research and evaluation of communications and programs that seek to educate the public. Methods: Four hundred fifty-one articles were identified from Web of Science and PubMed databases. After screening, 21 articles were included in the final sample for the abstraction process and qualitative thematic analysis. Ten articles were based in the US, with the other half in Australia, Canada, Italy, and other countries. Fifteen articles examined communication materials and messaging recommendations. Eight papers described communication delivery strategies. Eleven articles discussed behavior change. Six articles touched on risk communications for vulnerable populations; findings were limited and called for increasing awareness and prioritizing risk communications for at-risk populations. Results: This scoping review found limited studies describing behavior change to reduce wildfire smoke exposure, characteristics of effective communication materials and messaging, and communication delivery strategies. Literature on risk communications, dissemination, and behavior change for vulnerable populations was even more limited. Conclusions: Recommendations include providing risk communications that are easy-to-understand and adapted to specific needs of at-risk groups. Communications should provide a limited number of messages that include specific actions for avoiding smoke exposure. Effective communications should use mixed media formats and a wide variety of dissemination strategies. There is a pressing need for more intervention research and effectiveness evaluation of risk communications about wildfire smoke exposure, and more development and dissemination of risk communications for both the general public and vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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39. Critical gaps and implications of risk communication in the global agreements—SFDRR, SDGs, and UNFCCC: 3 select case studies from urban areas of tropics in South Asia.
- Author
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Khan, Shabana and Mishra, Jyoti
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RISK communication ,INTERNATIONAL communication ,EMERGENCY management ,URBAN studies ,ACCULTURATION - Abstract
There has been a consistent rise in urban disasters, particularly in developing countries located in tropical areas. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure or apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three selected urban case studies located in the tropical areas of the South Asia region that illustrate gaps in risk communication that result in enhanced vulnerability and deviations in response. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. Three critical gaps noted in risk communication include (i) it not prioritized at different levels, (ii) inadequate structures to measure its impacts and stakeholders inclusiveness, and (iii) indifference to cultural diversity and integration. Further, it is suggested that there is a need to redefine risk communication at the global scale that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities and variations in perceptions emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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40. Unmuting leadership: the impact of Zelensky's social media strategy at the inset of the Ukrainian War.
- Author
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Sánchez-Castillo, Sebastián, Galán-Cubillo, Esteban, and Drylie-Carey, Lindsey
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SOCIAL media ,WAR ,COVID-19 pandemic ,RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022- ,AUTHENTIC leadership ,HUMANITARIAN assistance - Abstract
Since the start of the war in Ukraine in February 2022, President Zelensky has used his social networks to request international support. This research analyzes the audiovisual discourse of the hegemonic networks during the first 40 days of the humanitarian war crisis in the context of risk communication. The contribution of this research relates to the unveiling of a new era where social media platforms are no longer the underdog of traditional media. This paper analyzes the visual content of President Zelensky's most followed social media profile, Instagram. This paper builds on previous work examining the political leaders of the most affected European countries during the first days of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and how they enhanced the use of their social media profiles in order to communicate about the crisis. In contrast to the use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic, the audiovisual narrative created by the president of Ukraine optimized the social network's resources and achieved an impactful and authentic approach to leadership during the first 40 days of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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41. On the horns of a dilemma: Experts as communicators for property‐level flood risk adaptation measures.
- Author
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Davids, Peter R., Priest, Sally, and Hartmann, Thomas
- Subjects
FLOOD risk ,DILEMMA ,RISK communication ,COMMUNICATIVE competence - Abstract
This paper investigates the role of flood risk experts in supporting homeowners to implement property‐level flood risk adaption (PLFRA). Homeowners can reduce their flood risks by implementing PLFRA. However, oftentimes they need advice on what sort of and how to implement PLFRA. This means that tailored experts advice is necessary to inform homeowners on such measures. But experience shows that mere information is often insufficient to motivate homeowners to realise measures. This contribution explores the reasons for the ineffectiveness of expert advice by investigating how expert advice responds to homeowners' rationalities. Based on a case study from Flanders, Belgium, this paper reveals how the relation between experts and homeowners differs related to different rationalities of homeowners. The paper uses Cultural Theory to discuss strategies on how experts, providing advice on property‐level risk adaption, could move beyond engineering skills by also using risk communication skills in order to involve homeowners in flood risk governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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42. Implicit understandings and trust in the doctor-patient relationship: a philosophy of language analysis of pre-operative evaluations.
- Author
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Consolandi, Monica
- Abstract
The aim of this paper is to enhance doctors' awareness of implicit understandings between doctors and patients in the context of pre-operative communication of risks. This paper draws on insights from the philosophy of language – in particular pragmatic analysis tools – that make explicit the implicit understandings of the interaction. Mastering not only what is said but also what is unsaid allows doctors to improve their communication with their patients. I suggest that being aware of the implications of the interactions is useful for improving both the doctor's and the patient's experience, further strengthening the therapeutic alliance. In this article I analyze actual cases involving pre-operative evaluation before cardiac surgery from a philosophy of language perspective. The paper is structured as follows: a description of the relevant philosophy of language tools that I will apply; an overview of the risk-communication context; an explanation of the link between "the implicit dimension" and trust, addressing whether the doctor needs to convey the whole truth; and the analysis of real cases. In conclusion, I re-emphasize the importance of implicit meanings during risk communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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43. Regulating through disclosure: the case of food hygiene barometer ratings in China.
- Author
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Wang, Li, Demeritt, David, and Rothstein, Henry
- Subjects
DISCLOSURE ,HYGIENE ,MIDDLE-income countries ,BAROMETERS ,FOOD industry ,DIVERSITY in the workplace - Abstract
This paper provides the first assessment of China's twenty-year experiment with food hygiene barometer rating systems, originally developed in the West for publicly communicating the grades awarded by food safety inspectors to individual businesses. This approach to regulating through disclosure is often celebrated for efficiently 'nudging' improved business compliance by empowering consumers to make 'better' decisions, but little is known about disclosure-based regulation in China or other low- and middle-income countries. Combining policy document and quantitative social media analysis with key informant interviews (n = 35), we show that barometers have failed to improve hygiene in China's rapidly expanding private food sector: more than 75% of restaurants in four diverse case-study localities remain merely 'Adequate' with many of those unable in practice to meet basic safety standards. This is because regulatory implementation has been hesitant and unreliable; consumers ignore or distrust barometers; and food businesses lack the capacity and competitive incentive to improve. That failure to empower consumer sovereignty and leverage business behaviour change, however, also reflects how barometers – despite their liberal individualist conceit - were adapted to China's revolutionary 'mass line' traditions of societal supervision of government regulators as much as food businesses. We conclude that barometers – far from being a 'light-touch' alternative to command-and-control regulation- require significant governance capacity, which may be lacking in low- and middle-income countries that struggle to conduct even basic regulatory oversight. Disclosure-based regulation also requires high levels of economic development, formalisation and trust to inculcate consumer and business responsiveness to information disclosures. Finally, our paper contributes to debates about risk communication and regulation by drawing the novel conclusion that the conceits underpinning seemingly universal tools of regulating through disclosure, get adapted to national state traditions and norms in ways that are far removed from their origins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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44. COVID-19 Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among People in Bangladesh: Telephone-Based Cross-sectional Survey
- Author
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Orin Akter, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood, Golam Rabbani, Zahid Hasan, Taufique Joarder, and Nandeeta Samad
- Subjects
knowledge ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Behavior change communication ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Health Informatics ,Logistic regression ,risk communication and community engagement ,risk communication ,Medicine ,Socioeconomic status ,risk ,Response rate (survey) ,Original Paper ,Bangladesh ,business.industry ,pandemic ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,Odds ratio ,practice ,Computer Science Applications ,attitude ,Rural area ,social and behavior change communication ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background The world has been grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, a dire public health crisis, since December 2019. Preventive and control measures have been adopted to reduce the spread of COVID-19. To date, the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 across Bangladesh have been poorly understood. Therefore, it is important to assess people’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward the disease and suggest appropriate strategies to combat COVID-19 effectively. Objective This study aimed to assess the KAP of Bangladeshi people toward COVID-19 and to identify their determinants. Methods We conducted a country-wide cross-sectional telephonic survey from May 7 to 29, 2020. A purposive sampling method was applied, and adult Bangladeshi citizens who have mobile phones were approached to participate in the survey. Interviews were conducted based on verbal consent. Multiple logistic regression analyses and several tests were performed to identify the factors associated with KAP related to COVID-19. Results A total of 492 of 576 Bangladeshi adults aged 18 years and above completed the interview, with a response rate of 85.4% (492/576). Of the 492 participants, 321 (65.2%) were male, and 304 (61.8%) lived in a rural area. Mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 10.56 (SD 2.86), 1.24 (SD 0.83), and 3.17 (SD 1.5), respectively. Among the 492 respondents, 273 (55.5%) had poor knowledge, and 251 (49%) expressed a negative attitude; 192 out of 359 respondents (53.5%) had poor practices toward COVID-19. Mean scores of knowledge, attitudes, and practices differed significantly across various demographic and socioeconomic groups. Rural residents had lower mean scores of knowledge (mean 9.8, SD 3.1, P Conclusions Evidence-informed and context-specific risk communication and community engagement, and a social and behavior change communication strategy against COVID-19 should be developed in Bangladesh based on the findings of this study, targeting different socioeconomic groups.
- Published
- 2021
45. IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE RISK BY MANAGERS AND EMPLOYEES THROUGH THE LENS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.
- Author
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GOŁEMBSKI, Marcin, SKOWRON-MIELNIK, Beata, and WOJTKOWIAK, Grzegorz
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,HUMAN resources departments ,ENGINEERING standards ,PERSONNEL management ,HUMAN capital ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,TELECOMMUTING ,RISK communication - Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of the paper is to identify the gap between the risks indicated by managers at the beginning of the pandemic and some selected actual challenges. Design/methodology/approach: The text includes both a literature review and the authors’ own study consisting of two parts. The first one deals directly with how companies manage risk. The study used a descriptive form that was completed by managers in the first half of 2020. The second part of the study was conducted using the CAWI method and concerned the evaluation of remote working from the perspective of employees. The particular value of combining these surveys is the possibility to compare risk management with the actual risk. External reports were also used to comment on the results. Findings: Research findings concerning the risks identified at the beginning of the pandemic and the attempt to assess them through the prism of the opinions of employees who worked under pandemic conditions indicate that technology will be an important aspect of many components of the HR function in the future. Thus, it can be accepted that the technological aspect (including the increasing use of IT at work) should be more widely taken into account by employers in the HR risk management methodologies. It is useful to carry out ex-post analysis in risk management methodologies in order to improve the methods of risk identification. Research limitations/implications: The research results presented and the statements put forward are certainly subject to limitations. As mentioned earlier, many of the indications are region- or sector-specific, and a detailed assessment of risk management must be carried out using case study methods. The conclusions arrived at should therefore be treated in a directional manner. However, this does not change the fact that the pandemic itself is certainly a regional as well as a universal issue and poses similar challenges to all. Practical implications: Pointing to the application aspect of the study results, it is worth noting that COVID-19 effects or market changes are conducive to the creation of new standards in the field of human resources risk and the promotion of sustainable use of human capital. The research methodology can be used to analyse the phenomenon of HR risk in organisations and the research results can be a valuable contribution to building the mentioned standards in organisations. Social implications: Work on new types of risk should also have a positive impact on human capital construction. Further advances in knowledge in this area will be particularly important as it is estimated that the challenges of work organisation (including remote working) in times of pandemic will stay for long time. Originality/value: This paper addresses the issue of HR risk management in the face of the pandemic and the development of remote working. The research problem being identified is whether the pandemic situation gives rise to new areas of HR risk and whether the experiences of this period should influence the way risk is managed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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46. Rational and irrational vaccine hesitancy.
- Author
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Green, Manfred S.
- Subjects
VACCINE hesitancy ,VACCINATION status ,COVID-19 vaccines ,TRUST ,RISK communication ,SOCIETAL reaction ,PREPAREDNESS ,ETHICAL problems - Abstract
In the paper published recently in this journal, Kumar et al. explained why the key to improved COVID-19 vaccine uptake is to understand societal reactions leading to vaccine hesitancy. They conclude that communications strategies should be tailored to the different phases of vaccine hesitancy. However, within the theoretical framework provided in their paper, vaccine hesitancy should be recognized as having both rational and irrational components. Rational vaccine hesitancy is a natural result of the inherent uncertainties in the potential impact of vaccines in controlling the pandemic. In general, irrational hesitancy is based on baseless information obtained from hearsay and deliberately false information. Risk communication should address both with transparent, evidence-based information. Rational concerns can be allayed by sharing the process in which dilemmas and uncertainties are dealt with by the health authorities. Messages on irrational concerns need to address head on the sources spreading unscientific and unsound information. In both cases, there is a need to develop risk communication that restores trust in the health authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Changing behavioral responses to heat risk in a warming world: How can communication approaches be improved?
- Author
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McLoughlin, Niall, Howarth, Candice, and Shreedhar, Ganga
- Subjects
HEAT waves (Meteorology) ,AT-risk behavior ,CLIMATE change ,RISK communication - Abstract
Heat risks, such as those associated with heatwaves, are increasing in frequency, severity, and duration due to climate change. The ways in which people around the globe perceive and respond to heat risks are now of great importance to reduce a range of negative health outcomes. A growing body of literature aims to assess the factors that influence people's behaviors in relation to heat risks. This research can inform better interventions, such as improved communications approaches, that attempt to facilitate adaptive behavioral responses to such risks. This review focuses on how insights from behavioral and attitudinal studies about heat risk responses can inform communication approaches. These insights are organized into three key themes: (1) Behaviors—What types of actions can be taken by people, and what evidence is there for adaptive behavior? (2) Antecedents—Which individual and contextual factors can influence people's behaviors? (3) Communications—How can existing insights be better integrated into interventions? Aspects of communication, including the role of message characteristics, messenger, and imagery, are discussed, with examples of messages and narratives that target influential antecedents of adaptive responses to heat risks. The paper makes three important contributions. First, it organizes literature on the antecedents and behavioral responses to heat risk; second, it provides a typology of the range of heat risk behaviors; and, third, it discusses how antecedents can be integrated into communication interventions. The review concludes with a proposed agenda for research, highlighting the need for substantial testing and evaluation of heat risk communication, applying insights from the literature. This article is categorized under:Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > CommunicationPerceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Behavior Change and Responses [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Subjective machines: Probabilistic risk assessment based on deep learning of soft information.
- Author
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Brito, Mario P., Stevenson, Matthew, and Bravo, Cristián
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,MACHINE learning ,RISK assessment ,ICE shelves ,DISTANCE education ,RISK communication ,STATISTICAL learning - Abstract
For several years machine learning methods have been proposed for risk classification. While machine learning methods have also been used for failure diagnosis and condition monitoring, to the best of our knowledge, these methods have not been used for probabilistic risk assessment. Probabilistic risk assessment is a subjective process. The problem of how well machine learning methods can emulate expert judgments is challenging. Expert judgments are based on mental shortcuts, heuristics, which are susceptible to biases. This paper presents a process for developing natural language‐based probabilistic risk assessment models, applying deep learning algorithms to emulate experts' quantified risk estimates. This allows the risk analyst to obtain an a priori risk assessment when there is limited information in the form of text and numeric data. Universal sentence embedding (USE) with gradient boosting regression (GBR) trees trained over limited structured data presented the most promising results. When we apply these models' outputs to generate survival distributions for autonomous systems' likelihood of loss with distance, we observe that for open water and ice shelf operating environments, the differences between the survival distributions generated by the machine learning algorithm and those generated by the experts are not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Transnational interdependence and new crisis communication governance? German Media coverage of Europe and Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Author
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Grüne, Anne, Hafez, Kai, and Holland, Till
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *CRISIS communication , *AMBIVALENCE , *INTERNATIONAL organization , *INFORMATION society , *RISK communication - Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic illustrated that today's political control mechanisms of global risks demand international collaboration on various levels and between various actors. Journalism has a pivotal role to play for global governance as an early warning system in the knowledge society. The paper provides a qualification of potentials and ambivalences of global media interdependence in global crisis by analysing if and how the German press treated other countries as better practice models. A special emphasis is given to a comparison between the coverage of global actors (WHO), European (Portugal, Italy) and Asian countries (South Korea, Taiwan), which developed successful practices during the Covid-19 pandemic, which deserved to be considered as best-practice models. The paper reveals moments of reflexive media interdependence but also highlights the limits, which are pronounced in a gap between North-North and North-South relations in both amount and depth of policy coverage and stereotypical constructions in lifeworld coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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50. 地域対話の実態を把握するための公開記録の活用について.
- Author
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竹田 宜人
- Abstract
This paper first defines the community dialogues that are held under the name of resident briefings, etc., and sorts out their characteristics. In addition, the current state of the records and related information released by the organizers etc. is described, and the possibility of analyzing the structure of regional dialogue using them is examined. Although there are restrictions on the information that can be made public due to ethical issues, we were able to read the explanations and the diverse opinions of the participants from the content that was made public. This indicates the possibility of developing common knowledge, such as restructuring the venue and examining more appropriate ways of proceeding, through examination of public materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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