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This study aimed to review the validity and/or reliability of light-intensity physical activity (LPA) questionnaires and identify the most suitable questionnaires for measurement of LPA in adults. Following the PRISMA-P 2020 guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, and MedNar. Only studies that targeted adults [greater than or equal to]18 years old and used LPA measured by accelerometer and/or heart rate monitor as an objective criterion were included. The search resulted in 2748 article hits, from which we extracted 16 studies with 14 questionnaires. The 7-Day Sedentary and LPA Log and LPA Questionnaire were specifically designed for LPA measurement, and the Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors physical activity self-report questionnaire scale has been revised for LPA measurement. These questionnaires had comparatively high reliability and validity in this review. Most studies contained methodological limitations such as test-retest period. In the future, more accurate reliability/validity studies should be conducted for each questionnaire.

Home-school partnership is key to students' success at schools. Japanese schools have attempted to invite families to participate in school educational activities. However, these efforts are embedded into Japanese school cultures and were not studied empirically. This study aimed to explore teachers' attitudes and actions toward home-school partnership and examine their effects on teachers' burnout. Based on a preliminary study, we developed a questionnaire with 30 items for the partnership attitude (PAT) scale, 37 items for the partnership actions (PAC) scale and three other scales. We examined the concurrent validity of the scales with a sample of 254 teachers. Exploratory factor analysis yielded four subscales for the PAT (Appreciation, Positive Attitude, Traditional Attitude, Difficulty) and five subscales for the PAC (Respect Parents, Individual Contact, Classroom Information Sharing, Being Proactive, Facilitating Conversation). Reliability was moderately supported, while the criterion validity coefficients were moderately supported using correlation analysis. The results of the multiple regressions show that some PAT factors had negative effects, while some PAC factors had positive effects on teachers' burnout. Thus, while it is important for teachers to build a good home-school partnership through partnership actions, a systematic support system is necessary for teachers experiencing difficulties in collaborating with parents.

Introduction: The development of cultural sensitivity is essential for health care professionals but there are few tools to measure this quality in Japan. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale of cultural sensitivity for Japanese health care professionals and examine its reliability and validity. Method: A draft scale was created through conceptual analysis and a questionnaire was completed by 515 health care professionals and 1,322 college students. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine suitable scale items and examine model fitness. Results: The four-factor 18-item scale showed acceptable model fitness. Cronbach's α coefficient exceeded.90 and correlation coefficients for criterion-related validity were over.29. Construct validity was confirmed by the significantly higher score of the cross-culturally experienced groups. The intraclass correlation coefficient was.642 (professionals) and.722 (students). Discussion: This reliable and valid scale for Japanese health professionals and college students may be used to evaluate training programs to increase their cultural sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL) is a health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure designed for patients with urinary stones. It has been translated and used in several languages. This study aimed to validate the Japanese version of the WISQOL (J-WISQOL). Materials and Methods: The J-WISQOL was translated and validated using a multistep process proposed by the World Health Organization that involved forward translation, back-translation, and pilot testing with a group of patients. This study enrolled 150 patients with urinary stones who visited three academic hospitals for stone treatment. We assessed convergent validity of correlation patterns and internal consistency of the J-WISQOL and Short-Form 36-item survey version 2 (SF-36v2). Results: Overall, 150 patients were enrolled. The mean total score of the J-WISQOL was 108.18 ± 20.26 (raw score min–max, 28–140), suggesting that the onset and symptoms of urinary stones reduced the HRQOL in the patients. The J-WISQOL showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.96) and interdomain associations (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.67–0.94). The J-WISQOL was correlated with the SF-36v2 in all domains: social, emotional, health, and vitality impact (r = 0.47–0.66). Conclusion: The J-WISQOL is a reliable instrument for evaluating HRQOL measures in patients with urinary stones. It could be a useful quality of life questionnaire for urinary stones in Japan. Clinical Trial 60-20-0047. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the general child population is still largely unknown and validated screening instruments are lacking. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence of children screening positive for ARFID in a Japanese birth cohort using a newly developed parent-reported screening tool, (2) to estimate the prevalence of children with ARFID experiencing physical versus psychosocial consequences of their eating pattern, and (3) to provide preliminary evidence for the validity of the new screening tool. Data were collected from 3728 4-7-year-old children born between 2011 and 2014 in Kochi prefecture, Japan (response rate was 56.5%); a sub-sample of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Parents completed a questionnaire including the ARFID screener and several other measures to assess convergent validity. The point prevalence of children screening positive for ARFID was 1.3%; half of them met criteria for ARFID based on psychosocial impairment alone, while the other half met diagnostic criteria relating to physical impairment (and additional psychosocial impairment in many cases). Sensory sensitivity to food characteristics (63%) and/or lack of interest in eating (51%) were the most prevalent drivers of food avoidance. Children screening positive for ARFID were lighter in weight and shorter in height, they showed more problem behaviors related to mealtimes and nutritional intake, and they were more often selective eaters and more responsive to satiety, which together provides preliminary support for the validity of the new screening tool. This is the largest screening study to date of ARFID in children up to 7 years. Future studies should examine the diagnostic validity of the new ARFID screener using clinically ascertained cases. Further research on ARFID prevalence in the general population is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]