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Background: Lentil is one of the most significant pulse crops, frequently referred to as "poor man's meat" because of its high protein content and inexpensive price. The present study was assessed for eleven morphological and yield variables to determine genetic variability, correlation and path co-efficients. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design using 56 different homogeneous progenies of a spontaneous mutant of lentil variety DPL 62 and four control varieties in triple replica during rabi 2017-18. Result: Significant amount of variability was observed for all the traits. High phenotypic coefficients of variance and genotypic coefficients of variance coupled with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for peduncle length, number of pods per plant, seed width, seed yield per plant suggesting that these traits are genetically controlled by additive gene action. Seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive association with number of branches/plant and number of pods/plant while number of pods/plant revealed highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by 100-seed weight, number of branches per plant, days to maturity and leaflet breadth. Therefore, selection for these characters will directly lead to improvement in the yielding ability of lentil genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunflower production can be increased by exploring genetic variability present in the population. The nature of relationship between yield and its associated traits should be clearly understood to achieve parallel improvement of yield by indirect selection of beneficial traits. In the present study, 50 sunflower accessions along with five checks were evaluated for nine biometrical traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, head diameter, hundred seed weight, volume weight, hull content, oil content and single plant yield to assess the variability and character association. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits under consideration. Phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation values were high for hundred seed weight and single plant yield. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for the traits viz. days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, volume weight, oil content, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. Correlation studies revealed the presence of a positive and significant correlation between single plant yield and the traits head diameter and hundred seed weight. Similarly, oil content exhibited a positive and significant correlation with head diameter and volume weight. Path analysis also indicated the presence of high and moderate positive direct effect of head diameter and hundred seed weight on single plant yield. Based on the above, head diameter and hundred seed weight could be used as selection indices for yield improvement in sunflower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was focused on evaluating the F3 population of VBN 11 x LBG 17 based on 10 yield components and the per cent disease index (PDI) for powdery mildew. Variability, correlation, and path analyses were performed to examine the data. The F3 population exhibited a wide range of variation for both yield components and PDI. Notably, the number of branches per plant, PDI, and seed yield per plant (g) showed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Furthermore, PDI alone displayed high heritability along with a high genetic advance as a percentage of mean. Moderate heritability and high genetic advance as a percentage of mean were observed for plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, and seed yield per plant (g). These findings suggest that these traits are influenced by additive gene action and are suitable for effective selection. Correlation analysis revealed that all traits, except PDI and 100-seed weight, were significantly associated with seed yield per plant (g). Path analysis indicated that the total number of pods per plant had a substantial direct effect. Consequently, the total number of pods per plant can serve as a selection index for yield improvement programs. Notably, PDI exhibited no association with seed yield per plant (g), suggesting that resistant genotypes can be developed without any adverse correlation among yield components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty two genotypes of Indian bean were examined for the genetic variability parameters and trait correlation for 11 yield contributing traits in F5 progenies. Analysis revealed that these genotypes had a considerable level of diversity. The magnitude of GCV and PCV was high for seed yield per plant, which indicated the potential for selection based genetic enhancement. The GCV and PCV values were moderate for pod weight, pods width and pod length. High heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent mean was recorded for pod width, pod length, pod weight and seed yield per plant. The seed yield per plant had a significant positive correlation with pod weight, plant height, pod length, pod width and seeds per pod. The overall genotypic path analysis revealed that racemes per plant exhibited the highest positive direct effects on seed yield per plant followed by direct effects of pod length, pods per raceme, pod width and pod weight. Therefore, simple selection is advised for pod length, pod width and pod weight to boost the yield of the Indian bean. Based on mean values, the progenies W-19-26, W-19-22 and W-19-25 of GNIB-21 × GP-167 among all crosses had shown significantly higher seed yield over the check varieties GNIB-21 and GNIB-22 and hence identified as elite genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crosses in F3 generation were studied for their variability, correlation and path analysis. The cross VRI 8 × K6 had better mean performance in all traits with very good pod and kernel yield per plant with mean of 36.59 g and 22.56 g, respectively compared to that of BSR 2 × K 6 with mean pod and kernel yield per plant of 24.95 g and 15.59 g, respectively. The cross also had high heritability of pod yield (79.45 %) and kernel yield (82.83 %) with low and moderate GAM for pod (8.87 %) and kernel yield (10.19 %), respectively. Though the crosses were in early generations, the PCV and GCV values were low to moderate for both crosses expect for the kernel yield (27.70 % & 26.71 %) in BSR 2 × K 6 and pod yield in both the crosses (23.67 % & 21.24 % in BSR 2 × K 6 and 23.73 % & 21.16 % in VRI 8 × K 6, respectively) with higher PCV, GCV values. In correlation analysis, there was a highly significant positive correlation between kernel yield and number of matured pods, number of pods, 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, pod yield and shelling percentage in both the crosses. Highly significant correlation was observed between shelling percentage and days to flowering in VRI 8 × K 6. Similarly, in BSR 2 × K 6, shelling percentage and 100 kernel weight were highly significantly correlated. Path analysis revealed that, there was a high positive direct effect on kernel yield by 100 kernel weight and pod yield in both the crosses. Shelling percentage in VRI 8 × K 6 had a negligible positive direct effect on the yield. Thus, on the basis of correlation and path analysis, 100 kernel weight, number of matured pods, shelling percentage, pod yield per plant were proved to be the outstanding characters influencing kernel yield in groundnut and need to be given importance in selection to achieve higher kernel yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the variability and performance of thirty horsegram genotypes collected from various regions of Kerala and outside for yield and yield attributing characters. Analysis of variance was carried out based on the recorded observations, and it showed significant differences among the 30 genotypes for all the fifteen characters studied. Most of the traits exhibited narrow differences between PCV and GCV except for seeds per pod, the number of primary branches per plant and yield per plant. Yield per plant was found to be significant and positively correlated to primary and the number of secondary branches per plant, nodes per plant, pod number per plant, seeds per pod and 100 seed weight both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed that pod number per plant, seeds per pod, nodes per plant, 100 seed weight and days to maturity were the major yield contributing characters owing to their favorable direct effect on yield per plant. Genetic diversity studies using Mahalanobis' D² statistics assembled the 30 genotypes into eight clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to figure out genetic variability, correlation and path co-coefficients for seven traits in 42 F3 families of the cross Azucena/CB 87R*1 aimed for developing new restorer lines with indica tropical japonica background for their utilization in a hybrid program. The population exhibited high PCV and GCV for the traits viz., the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle weight and single plant yield. For the same traits, high heritability combined with high GAM was also deduced. The traits panicle weight, the number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, flag leaf length and flag leaf width showed positive and significant associations with single plant yield. Though the traits panicle weight and the number of productive tillers were negatively correlated, they both exerted a high direct effect on single plant yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was carried out to determine the genetic variability parameters and character associations for eleven quantitative traits in Indian bean genotypes. It revealed a significant amount of variability present among these genotypes. Seed yield per plant had high Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values, showing the potential for improvement by selection. Racemes per plant, pods per raceme, pods per plant, and pod weight had moderate GCV and PCV values. There was high heritability combined with a high genetic advance for pod weight and seed yield per plant. Plant height, pods per plant, and pod weight were significantly and positively associated with seed yield per plant. Pods per plant had the most positive direct effect on seed yield per plant, followed by racemes per plant, plant height, pod weight, pod length, and seeds per pod. Therefore, selection for such traits is advised to bring about improvement in Indian beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is one of the highly consumed legumes and has the ability to withstand wide environmental conditions. Sixty greengram genotypes were evaluated for genetic relatedness with 11 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the number of primary branches per plant, the number of clusters per plant, the number of pods per cluster, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, pod length, hundred seed weight and single plant yield. The data were subjected to variability, genetic advance, heritability, correlation and path analysis. In this study, the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation was found to be high for the number of clusters per pod and the number of pods per plant. High heritability was noticed for single plant yield, plant height and hundred seed weight. The genetic advance was found to be very high for the number of pods per plant. Association studies revealed that the single plant yield was significantly correlated with the number of pods per plant (0.75) followed by the number of pods per cluster (0.60), the number of clusters per plant (0.58) and the number of seeds per pod (0.49). The direct and positive effect was recorded for the traits viz., days to maturity (1.44), the number of pods per cluster (0.67), pod length (0.46) and plant height (0.24). Phenotypic selection of traits contributing to grain yield exhibiting high heritability and genetic advance would help in the selection of superior genotypes for the improvement of grain yield in greengram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is a universal crop grown for its diversified end uses. A total of 250 plants of F2 generation were evaluated for nine quantitative characters of cross made between Paiyur 2 and Kottathur local 5. The minimum difference was observed between the phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits which reveals that the effect of environment was minimum on the expression of the character. High PCV was observed for plant height (20.36%), test weight (23.59%), and single plant yield (44.52%). Low PCV was observed for days to fifty percent flowering (9.80%), days to maturity (6.54%) and number of leaves (7.14%). High heritability accompanied with genetic advance was observed for plant height (h²=99.03%; GAPM=41.55%), leaf length (h²=97.87%; GAPM=23.70%), stem diameter (h²=94.49%; GAPM=27.36%), test weight (h²=99.03%; GAPM=48.13%), and single plant yield (h²=99.57%; GAPM=91.33%) and it indicates that the characters are under the additive gene action and suitable for the selection process. Plant height (0.6115) recorded positive significant correlation with single plant yield and hence selection towards the plant height directly improves the yield. Plant height (0.6132) and test weight (0.297) showed positive direct effect on single plant yield which indicates that the selection towards these characters will improve the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability parameters, correlation and path coefficient analysis for eight yield related traits in segregating F2 population of an aerobic restorer AR 9-18 × YPK 198 (Donor for yield enhancing genes Gn1a and OsSPL14) at ICAR-IIRR, Hyderabad during the kharif, 2019. The results indicated that, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield showed high PCV and GCV. Height of plant, productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and plant yield exhibited a high heritability and also high genetic advance as per cent of mean which indicates simple selection would be effective for enhancement of these traits. Correlation studies indicated that plant yield was associated significantly positive with height of plant, productive tiller number, length of panicle and grain number per panicle. High positive direct effect on plant yield was recorded by productive tiller number, grain number per panicle and height of plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]