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Context Under healthy conditions, inflammation proceeds through natural healing processes by an organized cycle. Similar to any other systemic infection, periodontal disease is also a manifestation of dysregulated inflammatory pathway. Endogenous lipid mediators called resolvins and docosatrienes, produced from omega-3 fatty acid precursors, possess various immunoregulatory properties. These polyunsaturated fatty acids cannot be synthesized in body, instead these have to be taken through diet. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adjunctive treatment with daily dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in chronic periodontitis. Aims The aim of this study was to assess periodontal parameters and salivary levels of Resolvin E1 with and without dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid capsules in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods and Materials Three-month comparative clinical study was performed on 52 patients allotted to two groups, each with 26 subjects. Both groups received an initial phase 1 therapy followed by additional dietary supplementation of 500 mg of omega-3 fatty acid capsules for 3 months for the test group. Salivary levels of Resolvin E1, periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), were assessed at baseline, 1 and 3 months after the study. Statistical Analysis Used Data was analyzed with an unpaired t-test between the group and paired t-test for within the group comparison. p -Value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results PPD and CAL showed statistically significant differences between the two groups and within the groups [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Furcation regions present some of the most significant challenges to the successful outcome of periodontal therapy. Due to their anatomical complexities, the areas become inaccessible, and instrumentation is generally tricky and often incomplete. Hence, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of molar anatomy to assess the case difficulty, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment planning. Aim: To radiographically evaluate and classify the furcation anatomy of mandibular first and second molars based on root trunk length and root divergence angle. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental sciences, Mangalore between February and March 2020. Orthopantomograms (OPG) with permanent healthy first (25 right and 25 left) and second mandibular molars (25 right and 25 left) with no alveolar bone loss obtained from systemically healthy individuals were selected for the study. They were screened for root divergence angle and root length to root trunk length ratio. According to the root divergence angle, the total sample was classified as Group I (with angle <30°), Group II (with angle 30°to 60°), Group III (with angle >60°). They were classified into Type A, B, and C based on Hou and Tsai classification. Type A root trunks involving the cervical third or less, Type B involves upto cervical half of the length of the root and Type C involves cervical two-thirds of the root, respectively. The data were collected and entered in the Microsoft Excel sheet. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for root divergence. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Student t-test was used to compare intragroup variations in root divergence in the left and right molars. The p<0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Total 100 teeth (50 mandibular first molar (25 left and 25 right) and 50 mandibular second molars (25 left and 25 right)) were included in the study and analysed. In terms of Furcation Angle (FA), mandibular left first molar showed an increased frequency of Group II (48%) and Group III (48%), while mandibular left second molar showed an increased frequency of Group II (68%). Among mandibular right first molar Group III (56%) showed an increased frequency, while Group II (92%) was commonly seen in right second molar. Intergroup comparison revealed a statistically significant difference in divergence between mandibular left first and second molars (36 and 37) p<0.01, mandibular right first and second molars (46 and 47) (p<0.01). Divergence of furcation was more significant in 36 and 46 than 37 and 47, respectively. The current study results showed a higher frequency of Type A in all the four involved teeth, i.e., left first (96%) and second (68%) molars, right first (92%) and second (88%) molars. Conclusion: The study results showed an increased frequency of Group II FA and Type A root trunks. The divergence of furcation was greater in first molars compared to the second molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are chronic progressive inflammatory conditions. Smoking has been associated with both chronic periodontitis and COPD. Hence, the present study was designed to correlate serum levels of cotinine with the severity of periodontal disease with or without COPD. Settings and Design: A total of eighty patients, twenty healthy individuals, twenty patients with chronic generalized periodontitis without smoking and without COPD, twenty patients who are smokers with chronic periodontitis without COPD and twenty patients who are smokers with chronic periodontitis and COPD in the age range of 43–65 years were selected for the study. Subjects and Methods: Serum cotinine level assessment, smoking history, and periodontal examination were done in all the patients and the data obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean serum cotinine level was highest in smokers with chronic periodontitis and COPD (93.642 ± 14.727) and it differed significantly between the four groups (P < 0.001). There is a significant positive correlation between the number of cigarettes and serum cotinine levels in both groups involving smoking. There was no significant correlation between serum cotinine level and clinical attachment loss in chronic periodontitis smokers with or without COPD. Conclusions: The result of this study indicates that increased smoking with COPD causes a higher chance of progression of periodontal destruction but it is not statistically significant. Furthermore, this study indicates that the assessment of serum cotinine levels is a reliable method to evaluate smoking exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]