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The perovskite crystals formed by methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) have garnered growing interest owing to their exceptional photovoltaic capabilities, economical production process, and ability to be processed in solution. A multitude of techniques have been devised to produce dense and uniform perovskite thin coatings, which are critical for the proper functioning of electronic devices. In order to promote the development of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite thin films that are uniform, dense, and exceptionally smooth, we present an additive-assisted method utilizing Copper zinc tin sulfide Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanoparticles. The surface, optical, morphological, and structural properties were subsequently determined. The mechanisms by which the additive improves the quality of the material during the formation of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite films are elucidated in this study. These processes are postulated to characterize the crystallization of the films. Using this beneficial technique, a high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 film with a grain size significantly larger than 1.6 μm was effectively manufactured. Additionally, the doping process resulted in enhancements in both absorption and photoluminescence intensity. The addition of CZTS NPs elevated the crystal structures and morphologies of the CH3NH3PbI3 layer to a degree that was comparatively favorable. This was evidenced by the crystallite size of 83 nm and an optical bandgap (Eg) of 1.63 eV, both of which attest to the enhanced quality of the film. With the structure of glass/FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3:CZTS NPs/spiro-oMeTAD/Au ,the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the best cell was 15.13% with a fill factor of 66.07%. The results of this study indicate that doping CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells with CZTS NPs is a dependable method for enhancing photovoltaic performance and promoting crystal growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the optoelectronic properties of cubic (Pm3m) and orthorhombic (Pnma) CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl). We utilized the full potential linear augmented plane wave method, which is implemented in the WIEN2k code, to facilitate the investigation. Different exchange potentials were used to analyze the optoelectronic behavior using the available density functional theory methods. Our findings revealed that CsPbX3 perovskites display direct band gaps at the R and Г points for cubic (Pm3m) and orthorhombic (Pnma) structures, respectively. Among the exchange potentials, the mBJ-GGA method provided the most accurate results. These outcomes concurred with the experimental results. In both Pm3m and Pnma structures, interesting changes were observed when iodide (I) was replaced with bromine (Br) and then chlorine (Cl). The direct band gap at the R and Г points shifted to higher energy levels. Similarly, when I was replaced with Br and Cl, there was a noticeable decrease in the absorption coefficient, dielectric constants, refractive index, and reflectivity, in addition to a band gap shift to higher energy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of vacancy-ordered Rb 2 TcCl 6 have been thoroughly examined through the use of first-principles calculations. • The stability of Rb 2 TcCl 6 is demonstrated by the formation energy, optimization curves and phonon curves. • The spin-plarized electronic band structure and density of states (DOS) predict the semiconductor nature in both spin states. • The obtained magnetic moments for Rb 2 TcCl 6 reveal the potential of for spintronics. • An optical band gap with maximum absorption reveals that this compound is also useful for the application in optoelectronics. Due to their versatile properties, vacancy-ordered double perovskites offer a wide range of potential uses due to their versatile properties. We have thoroughly examined the physical characteristics of vacancy-ordered Rb 2 TcCl 6 in its cubic phase by employing the spin-polarized computations. The ground state energy and optimum structural parameters are obtained in order to assess the structural stability, which is further validated using the tolerance factor and formation energy values. The ductile character of Rb 2 TcCl 6 is revealed by a comprehensive evaluation of mechanical properties. Vickers hardness factor suggests that Rb 2 TcCl 6 can withstand against pressure-induced disturbance more strongly. A direct bandgap for spin-up is measured up to 2.33 eV, while for spin-dn it is 2.02 eV. According to the magnetic moments of 2.69 μ B , Rb 2 TcCl 6 is an attractive material for spintronic devices. A number of optical parameters are determined. For optoelectronic applications, Rb 2 TcCl 6 is an excellent choice due to its strong polarization in the visible and ultraviolet regions, as shown by its optical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystallization techniques of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP) are considered an effective method for light collector or light emitting applications. In this article, the optical band gap, electron-hole behavior, and energy band alignment are all key optoelectronic properties of crystalline perovskite structures studied in this study. For this reason, a perovskite solution was prepared in a single step and tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as a solvent to dissolve both perovskite precursors. Rapid crystallization of perovskite in solution was observed, preventing the formation of homogenous perovskite thin films. Subsequently, the effect of THF solvent on the direct crystallization of MAPbI 3 perovskite without thermal annealing was investigated. Thermal annealing is considered necessary for perovskite crystal formation as it gives the molecules enough thermal energy to self-organize and form a well-ordered crystalline layer. The procedures that create perovskite crystals without thermal annealing give a novel method for room temperature film preparation (RT) and pave the way for the manufacture of low-cost, stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). UV–vis absorption/reflectance, photoluminescence, XRD, and SEM were used to explore the effects of this approach on the optical and structural properties of MAPbI 3 perovskite thin films. • Crystallizing Growth of MAPbI 3 Perovskite Nanorod was demonstrated. • Perovskite precursor solution in THF is dried to form perovskite powder. • Fabrication of perovskite films without annealing. • Perovskite films were tested under ns laser. • The strong light emission allows the observation of ASE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]