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For the time fractional Gueant--Pu option pricing model we obtain the Lie algebra of the group of equivalence transformations, which is used to obtain the group classification of the model with respect to the nonlinear free element on the right-hand side of the corresponding equation. Bibliography:12titles., 1 Introduction We study a Gueant--Pu option pricing model (see arXiv:1311.4342 and [1]) that takes into account transaction costs and the impact of operations on the market in the absence [...]

The global decline of water quality in rivers and streams has resulted in a pressing need to design new watershed management strategies. Water quality can be affected by multiple stressors including population growth, land use change, global warming, and extreme events, with repercussions on human and ecosystem health. A scientific understanding of factors affecting riverine water quality and predictions at local to regional scales, and at sub-daily to decadal timescales are needed for optimal management of watersheds and river basins. Here, we discuss how machine learning (ML) can enable development of more accurate, computationally tractable, and scalable models for analysis and predictions of river water quality. We review relevant state-of-the art applications of ML for water quality models and discuss opportunities to improve the use of ML with emerging computational and mathematical methods for model selection, hyperparameter optimization, incorporating process knowledge into ML models, improving explainablity, uncertainty quantification, and model-data integration. We then present considerations for using ML to address water quality problems given their scale and complexity, available data and computational resources, and stakeholder needs. When combined with decades of process understanding, interdisciplinary advances in knowledge-guided ML, information theory, data integration, and analytics can help address fundamental science questions and enable decision-relevant predictions of riverine water quality.

BackgroundWith the increasing popularity of calcium imaging in neuroscience research, choosing the right methods to analyze calcium imaging data is critical to address various scientific questions. Unlike spike trains measured using electrodes, fluorescence intensity traces provide an indirect and noisy measurement of the underlying neuronal activities. The observed calcium traces are either analyzed directly or deconvolved to spike trains to infer neuronal activities. When both approaches are applicable, it is unclear whether deconvolving calcium traces is a necessary step.MethodsIn this article, we compare the performance of using calcium traces or their deconvolved spike trains for three common analyses: clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and population decoding.ResultsWe found that (1) the two approaches lead to diverging results; (2) estimated spike trains, when smoothed or binned appropriately, usually lead to satisfactory performances, such as more accurate estimation of cluster membership; (3) although estimate spike train produce results more similar to true spike data than trace data, we found that the PCA results from trace data might better reflect the underlying neuronal ensembles (clusters); and (4) for both approaches, decobability can be improved by using denoising or smoothing methods.Comparison with existing methodsOur simulations and applications to real data suggest that estimated spike data outperform trace data in cluster analysis and give comparable results for population decoding. In addition, the decobability of estimated spike data can be slightly better than that of calcium trace data with appropriate filtering / smoothing methods.ConclusionWe conclude that spike detection might be a useful pre-processing step for certain problems such as clustering; however, the continuous nature of calcium imaging data provides a natural smoothness that might be helpful for problems such as dimensional reduction.

Automated design of a stirrup for cable manufacturers in the Republic of Mordovia is considered. Theoretical methods (analogy, classification, analysis, and literature analysis) and empirical methods (calculation, modeling) are used. The SolidWorks system permits analysis of the stress–strain state of composite components installed in equipment for cable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been adopted in many fields of application, such as industrial, civil, smart cities, health, and the surveillance domain, to name a few. Fateway and sensor nodes conform to WSN, and each node integrates processor, communication, sensor, and power supply modules, sending and receiving information of a covered area across a propagation medium. Given the increasing complexity of a WSN system, and in an effort to understand, comprehend and analyze an entire WSN, different metrics are used to characterize the performance of the network. To reduce the complexity of the WSN architecture, different approaches and techniques are implemented to capture (model) the properties and behavior of particular aspects of the system. Based on these WSN models, many research works propose solutions to the problem of abstracting and exporting network functionalities and capabilities to the final user. Modeling an entire WSN is a difficult task for researchers since they must consider all of the constraints that affect network metrics, devices and system administration, holistically, and the models developed in different research works are currently focused only on a specific network layer (physical, link, or transport layer), making the estimation of the WSN behavior a very difficult task. In this context, we present a systematic and comprehensive review focused on identifying the existing WSN models, classified into three main areas (node, network, and system-level) and their corresponding challenges. This review summarizes and analyzes the available literature, which allows for the general understanding of WSN modeling in a holistic view, using a proposed taxonomy and consolidating the research trends and open challenges in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le terme « épistémologie » est apparu chez le métaphysicien écossais James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864), dans son ouvrage Epistemology or Theory of Knowing (1854). La généralisation de son usage n'interviendra qu'à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle dans les textes de philosophes et scientifiques anglais et continentaux, puis nord-américains. Les discussions des membres de la Société Médico-Psychologique, créée en 1852, n'ont été répercutées par les Annales Médico-Psychologiques qu'à partir de 1853. Les questions en lien avec l'Épistémologie étaient alors référées à la Philosophie de la connaissance ou à la Philosophie des sciences. Elle repose sur l'approche de l'Épistémologie comparative (G.G. Granger), historique et clinique, sur l'analyse critique du langage et leurs propres recherches. Les auteurs reprennent la partition chronologique proposée par G. Lantéri-Laura en montrant en parallèle l'évolution des questions traitées par la philosophie des sciences, puis par l'Épistémologie. Ils analysent successivement l'impact de la Philosophie des Sciences à la Société Médico-Psychologique au cours du XIXe siècle dans la période 1852–1902, puis l'ancrage de la tradition épistémologique à la Société Médico-Psychologique avec l'apport de Pierre Marchais, et l'intrusion de l'approche nord-américaine au début du XXIe siècle. Il est illusoire de rechercher une méthode scientifique unique, définitive, applicable dans toutes les situations, car l'objectif scientifique ne dispense pas du rapport au concret. Pour la psychiatrie, quelles que soient les connaissances présentées comme nouvelles, les problèmes resurgissent à partir de perspectives diverses, dans des contextes différents, car la dynamique propre au développement de chaque discipline ou sous-spécialité les réactualise périodiquement. The term epistemology was first used by the Scottish metaphysician James Frederick Ferrier (1808–1864), in his book Epistemology or Theory of Knowing (1854). The generalization of its use will not occur until the end of the 19th century in the texts of English and continental philosophers and scientists, and thereafter in North America. The discussions of the members of the Société Médico-Psychologique , created in 1852, were not reflected in the Annales Médico-Psychologiques until 1853, and questions related to epistemology were then assigned to the fields of the philosophy of knowledge or the philosophy of science. This article is based on the approach of comparative epistemology (G.G. Granger), on an historical and clinical approach, on the critical analysis of language, and on the authors' own research. Epistemology is "a critical study of the principles, hypotheses and results of the various sciences, intended to determine their logical (non-psychological) origin, their value, and their objective significance." The authors employ the chronological score proposed by G. Lantéri-Laura by showing in parallel the evolution of the questions treated by the philosophy of science, then by epistemology. They analyze successively the impact of the philosophy of science on the Société Médico-Psychologique during the 19th century during the period of 1852–1902, then the anchoring of the epistemological tradition at the Société Médico-Psychologique due to the contribution of Pierre Marchais, and finally, the incursion of the North American approach at the beginning of the 21st century. It is illusory to seek a single, definitive scientific method, which is applicable in all situations, because the scientific objective does not dispense with the relationship to the concrete. For psychiatry, whatever knowledge is presented as new, problems arise from different perspectives, in different contexts, because the dynamics of the development of each discipline or sub-specialty are updated periodically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the development of the public sector and the new spatial dimension related to regional development. The exhibition begins with the functions of the state in modern conditions of change. It goes through the consideration of the individual strategies for the development of the reform and directions for the modernization of the state administration. The focus is on the new public management and Public Entrepreneurship. The discussed issues are related to the focus on regional development and the public sphere. Generalizations and conclusions have been made related to the researched issues and the outlining of the features of the public management and its influence on the regional development.

When Édouard André described teaching at the École d'horticulture de Versailles in 1890, the course on garden and greenhouse architecture given by Auguste Choisy included a laconic "summary history of gardens" which provided a short introduction to the main objective of the course: training in the technique of garden composition. However, before 1945, most practical garden treatises included history among their subject matters. After the renewal of the school of landscape architecture under the direction of Adolphe Alphand, at a time when nationalist sentiment took the figure of Le Nôtre as a reference and cities conducted their redevelopment based on the Cornudet law, the question of history took on greater significance: How did it interact with social sciences and geography? The article explores the successive ways in which history was acculturated to landscape architecture at the Versailles school of landscape architecture by the five teachers who taught the discipline. Why take an interest in history and what does the landscape architect seek to find in it: inspiring places, techniques, solutions for building perspectives, a repository of forms, and the ability to understand the history of a place? This article describes a stage in the formulation of these questions which are still relevant.